References
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- Bergman V., Chin, No. H205732–1 (Cal. App. Dep't. Super. t. Feb. 16, 1999).
- Estate of Henry James v. Hillhaven Corp, No. 89 CVS 64 (N.C. Super. Ct. Jan. 15, 1991).
- Joint Commission for the Accreditation of Health Care Organizations. Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for Hospitals: The Official Handbook, Examples for Implementation for RI.1.2.8. Chicago, IL, 2000. Despite the official JCAHO imprimatur on the concept of pain as the “fifth vital sign,” some physicians take issue with this approach. In a recent public forum in Berkeley, CA regarding a bill pending before the California Assembly that would mandate continuing education for physicians on pain management and end-of-life care, the president of the Alameda/Contra Costa Medical Association, a surgeon, insisted that pain could not be a vital sign, and hence should not be considered as such, because there were no objective clinical means of measuring it, as there are for “real” vital signs.
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- Among the many statements collected by Martino in her qualitative research. “From the minute I entered medical school to the day I finished my residency, I had it drilled into my head that narcotics should be used sparingly, if ever [and] how patients will do anything to get their doctors to prescribe narcotics;” and another statement by a pharmacist that “it would be total chaos if we gave scripts to everyone suffering from chronic pain.”
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