The Societal Costs of Low Back Pain

REFERENCES

• Wyatt M, Underwood M R, Scheel I B, Cassidy J D, Nagel P. Back pain and health policy research: the what, why, how, who, and when. Spine. Oct 15, 2004; 29(20)E468–475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel A T, Ogle A A. Diagnosis and management of acute low back pain. Am Fam Physician. Mar 15, 2000; 61(6)1779–1786; 1789–1790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deyo R A, Mirza S K, Martin B I. Back pain prevalence and visit rates: estimates from U.S. national surveys, 2002. Spine. Nov 1, 2006; 31(23)2724–2727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo X, Pietrobon R, Sun S X, Liu G G, Hey L. Estimates and patterns of direct health care expenditures among individuals with back pain in the United States. Spine. Jan 1, 2004; 29(1)79–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Druss B G, Marcus S C, Olfson M, Pincus H A. The most expensive medical conditions in America. Health Aff (Millwood) Jul-Aug, 2002; 21(4)105–111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherkin D C, Deyo R A, Loeser J D, Bush T, Waddell G. An international comparison of back surgery rates. Spine. Jun 1, 1994; 19(11)1201–1206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherkin D C, Deyo R A, Wheeler K, Ciol M A. Physician variation in diagnostic testing for low back pain. Who you see is what you get. Arthritis Rheum. Jan, 1994; 37(1)15–22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bigos S, Bowyer O, Braen G EA. Acute Low Back Problems in Adults. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research PHs. US Department of Health and Human Services, AHCPR Publication, Rockville, MD 1994
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Urzelai V, Palacio-Elua L, Lopez-de-Munain J. Routine primary care management of acute low back pain: adherence to clinical guidelines. Eur Spine J. Dec, 2003; 12(6)589–594
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hestbaek L, Leboeuf-Yde C, Manniche C. Low back pain: what is the long-term course? A review of studies of general patient populations. Eur Spine J. Apr, 2003; 12(2)149–165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray D T, Deyo R A, Kreuter W, et al. Population-based trends in volumes and rates of ambulatory lumbar spine surgery. Spine. Aug 1, 2006; 31(17)1957–1963, discussion 1964
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinstein J N, Lurie J D, Olson P R, Bronner K K, Fisher E S. United States' trends and regional variations in lumbar spine surgery: 1992–2003. Spine. Nov 1, 2006; 31(23)2707–2714
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Neill L, Kuder J. Explaining variation in physician practice patterns and their propensities to recommend services. Med Care Res Rev. Jun, 2005; 62(3)339–357
   Google Scholar
• Luo X, Pietrobon R, Curtis L H, Hey L A. Prescription of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and muscle relaxants for back pain in the United States. Spine. Dec 1, 2004; 29(23)E531–537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo X, Pietrobon R, Hey L. Patterns and trends in opioid use among individuals with back pain in the United States. Spine. Apr 15, 2004; 29(8)884–890, discussion 891
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lurie J D, Birkmeyer N J, Weinstein J N. Rates of advanced spinal imaging and spine surgery. Spine. Mar 15, 2003; 28(6)616–620
   Google Scholar
• Rain ville J, Carlson N, Polatin P, Gatchel R J, Indahl A. Exploration of physicians' recommendations for activities in chronic low back pain. Spine. Sep 1, 2000; 25(17)2210–2220
   Google Scholar
• Arnau J M, Pellise F, Vallano A, Prat N. Editorial Comment: European guidelines for low back pain-a necessary step forward and an opportunity not to be missed. Eur Spine J. Mar, 2006; 15(Suppl 2)S131–133
   Google Scholar
• van Tulder M W, Tuut M, Pennick V, Bombardier C, Assendelft W J. Quality of primary care guidelines for acute low back pain. Spine. Sep 1, 2004; 29(17)E357–362
   Google Scholar
• Arnau J M, Vallano A, Lopez A, Pellise F, Delgado M J, Prat N. A critical review of guidelines for low back pain treatment. Eur Spine J. May, 2006; 15(5)543–553
   Google Scholar
• Maetzel A, Li L. The economic burden of low back pain: a review of studies published between 1996 and 2001. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. Jan, 2002; 16(1)23–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekman M, Jonhagen S, Hunsche E, Jonsson L. Burden of illness of chronic low back pain in Sweden: a cross-sectional, retrospective study in primary care setting. Spine. Aug 1, 2005; 30(15)1777–1785
   Google Scholar
• Lind B K, Abrams C, Lafferty W E, Diehr P K, Grembowski D E. The effect of complementary and alternative medicine claims on risk adjustment. Med Care. Dec, 2006; 44(12)1078–1084
   Google Scholar
• Katz J N. Lumbar disc disorders and low-back pain: socioeconomic factors and consequences. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Apr, 2006; 88(Suppl 2)21–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panel on Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Work-place. Low back and upper extremities. Institute of Medicine, Washington 2001
   Google Scholar
• HCUPnet Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, RockvilleMAf, hcup.ahrq.gov/HCUPnet.asp.HRaQ
   Google Scholar
• Ritzwoller D P, Crounse L, Shetterly S, Rublee D. The association of comorbidities, utilization and costs for patients identified with low back pain. BMC Musculo-skelet Disord. 2006; 7: 72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordin M, Welser S, Campello M A, Pietrek M. Self-care techniques for acute episodes of low back pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. Jan, 2002; 16(1)89–104
   Google Scholar
• Carey T, Evans A. Hadler Nea. Acute severe low back pain. A population-based study of prevalence and care-seeking. Spine 1996; 21: 339–344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogt M T, Kwoh C K, Cope D K, Osial T A, Culyba M, Starz T W. Analgesic usage for low back pain: impact on health care costs and service use. Spine. May 1, 2005; 30(9)1075–1081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson K C, 2nd. Pharmacotherapy in lower back pain. Drugs Today (Bare). Sep, 2004; 40(9)765–772
   Google Scholar
• Wasiak R, Kim J, Pransky G. Work disability and costs caused by recurrence of low back pain: longer and more costly than in first episodes. Spine. Jan 15, 2006; 31(2)219–225
   Google Scholar
• Deyo R A, Cherkin D, Conrad D, Volinn E. Cost, controversy, crisis: low back pain and the health of the public. Annu Rev Public Health. 1991; 12: 141–156
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staal J B, Hlobil H, van Tulder M W, et al. Occupational health guidelines for the management of low back pain: an international comparison. Occup Environ Med. Sep, 2003; 60(9)618–626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waddell G, Burton A K. Occupational health guidelines for the management of low back pain at work: evidence review. Occup Med (Lond). Mar, 2001; 51(2)124–135
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Group, TDVLBPW. Low back pian or sciatica in the primary care setting. Washington D, Veteran's Affairs, ed: Veterans Health Administration Office of Quality and Performance. 1999
   Google Scholar
• Feuerstein M, Hartzell M, Rogers H L, Marcus S C. Evidence-based practice for acute low back pain in primary care: patient outcomes and cost of care. Pain Sep, 2006; 124(1–2)140–149
   Google Scholar
• Hoeijenbos M, Bekkering T, Lamers L, Hendriks E, van Tulder M, Koopmanschap M. Cost-effectiveness of an active implementation strategy for the Dutch physiotherapy guideline for low back pain. Health Policy Dec, 2005; 75(1)85–98
   Google Scholar
• van der Roer N, Boos N, van Tulder M W. Economic evaluations: a new avenue of outcome assessment in spinal disorders. Eur Spine J. Jan, 2006; 15(Suppl 1)S109–117
   Google Scholar
• van der Roer N, Goossens M E, Evers S M, van Tulder M W. What is the most cost-effective treatment for patients with low back pain? A systematic review. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. Aug, 2005; 19(4)671–684
   Google Scholar
• Fritz J M, Delitto A, Erhard R E. Comparison of classification-based physical therapy with therapy based on clinical practice guidelines for patients with acute low back pain: a randomized clinical trial. Spine. Jul 1, 2003; 28(13)1363–1371, discussion 1372
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritzell P, Hagg O, Jonsson D, Nordwall A. Cost-effectiveness of lumbar fusion and nonsurgical treatment for chronic low back pain in the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial from the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group. Spine. Feb 15, 2004; 29(4)421–434, discussion Z423
   Google Scholar
• Gatchel R J, Polatin P B, Noe C, Gardea M, Pulliam C, Thompson J. Treatment- and cost-effective-ness of early intervention for acute low-back pain patients: a one-year prospective study. J Occup Rehabil. Mar, 2003; 13(1)1–9
   Google Scholar
• Karjalainen K, Malmivaara A, Mutanen P, Roine R, Hurri H, Pohjolainen T. Mini-intervention for subacute low back pain: two-year follow-up and modifiers of effectiveness. Spine. May 15, 2004; 29(10)1069–1076
   Google Scholar
• Karjalainen K, Malmivaara A, Pohjolainen T, et al. Mini-intervention for subacute low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Spine. Mar 15, 2003; 28(6)533–540, discussion 540–531
   Google Scholar
• Kominski G F, Heslin K C, Morgenstern H, Hurwitz E L, Harber P I. Economic evaluation of four treatments for low-back pain: results from a randomized controlled trial. Med Care. May, 2005; 43(5)428–435
   Google Scholar
• Kovacs F M, Llobera J, Abraira V, Lazaro P, Pozo F, Kleinbaum D. Effectiveness and cost-effective-ness analysis of neuroreflexotherapy for subacute and chronic low back pain in routine general practice: a cluster randomized, controlled trial. Spine. Jun 1, 2002; 27(11)1149–1159
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd A, Scott D A, Akehurst R L, Lurie-Luke E, Jessen G. Cost-effectiveness of low-level heat wrap therapy for low back pain. Value Health Jul-Aug, 2004; 7(4)413–422
   Google Scholar
• Loisel P, Lemaire J, Poitras S, et al. Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis of a disability prevention model for back pain management: a six year follow up study. Occup EnvironMed. Dec, 2002; 59(12)807–815
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molde Hagen E, Grasdal A, Eriksen H R. Does early intervention with a light mobilization program reduce long-term sick leave for low back pain: a 3-year follow-up study. Spine. Oct 15, 2003; 28(20)2309–2315, discussion 2316
   Google Scholar
• Niemisto L, Lahtinen-Suopanki T, Rissanen P, Lindgren K A, Sarna S, Hurri H. A randomized trial of combined manipulation, stabilizing exercises, and physician consultation compared to physician consultation alone for chronic low back pain. Spine. Oct 1, 2003; 28(19)2185–2191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemisto L, Rissanen P, Sarna S, Lahtinen-Suopanki T, Lindgren K A, Hurri H. Cost-effectiveness of combined manipulation, stabilizing exercises, and physician consultation compared to physician consultation alone for chronic low back pain: a prospective randomized trial with 2-year follow-up. Spine. May 15, 2005; 30(10)1109–1115
   Google Scholar
• Rivero-Arias O, Gray A, Frost H, Lamb S E, Stewart-Brown S. Cost-utility analysis of physiotherapy treatment compared with physiotherapy advice in low back pain. Spine. May 20, 2006; 31(12)1381–1387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skouen J S, Grasdal A L, Haldorsen E M, Ursin H. Relative cost-effectiveness of extensive and light multi-disciplinary treatment programs versus treatment as usual for patients with chronic low back pain on long-term sick leave: randomized controlled study. Spine. May 1, 2002; 27(9)901–909, discussion 909–910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright A, Lloyd-Davies A, Williams S, Ellis R, Strike P. Individual active treatment combined with group exercise for acute and subacute low back pain. Spine. Jun 1, 2005; 30(11)1235–1241
   Google Scholar
• United Kingdom back pain exercise and manipulation (UK BEAM) randomised trial: cost effectiveness of physical treatments for back pain in primary care. BMJ. Dec 11, 2004; 329(7479)1381
   Google Scholar