175
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Pain, Opioids, and Addiction

An Urgent Problem for Doctors and Patients

Pages 45-49 | Published online: 17 Aug 2009

REFERENCES

  • Foley K M. Advances in cancer pain management in 2005. Gynecol Oncol. 2005; 99: S126
  • Katz N P, Adams E H, Benneyan J C, et al. Foundations of opioid risk management. Clin J Pain 2007; 23: 103–118
  • NID A InfoFacts. Prescription Pain and Other Medications, Available at: http://www.nida.nih.gov/infofacts/PainMed.html Accessed April 20, 2007
  • Kreek M J. Methadone-related opioid agonist pharmacotherapy for heroin addiction: history, recent molecular and neurochemical research and future in mainstream medicine. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2000; 909: 186–216
  • Bart G, Kreek M J, Ott J, et al. Increased attributable risk related to a functional muopioid receptor gene polymorphism in association with alcohol dependence in central Sweden. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005; 30: 417–422
  • Nishizawa D, Han W, Hasegawa J, et al. Association of microopioid receptor gene polymorphism A118G with alcohol dependence in a Japanese population. Neuropsychobiology 2006; 53: 137–141
  • Keith D E, Murray S R, Zaki P A, et al. Morphine activates opioid receptors without causing their rapid internalization. J Biol Chem. 1996; 271: 19021–19024
  • Hashimoto T, Saito Y, Yamada K, et al. En-hancement of morphine analgesic effect with induction of muopioid receptor endocytosis in rats. Anesthesiol-ogy 2006; 105: 574–580
  • Seltzer Z, Dorfman R. Identifying genetic and environmental risk factors for chronic orofacial pain syndromes: human models. J Orofac Pain 2004; 18: 311–317
  • Tegeder I, Costigan M, Griffin R S, et al. GTP cyclohydrolase and tetrahydrobiopterin regulate pain sensitivity and persistence. Nat Med. 2006; 12: 1269–1277
  • Reyes-Gibby C, Shete S, Rakvag T, et al. Exploring joint effects of genes and the clinical efficacy of morphine for cancer pain: OPRM1 and COMT gene. Pain 2006, Dec 5; [Epub ahead of print]
  • Friedman R., Li V, Mehrotra D. Treating pain patients at risk: evaluation of a screening tool in opioid-treated pain patients with and without addiction. Pain Med. 2003; 4: 182–185
  • Passik S, Kirsh K, Whitcomb L, Portenoy R K, Katz N P, Kleinman L, Dodd S L, Schein J R. A new tool to assess and document pain outcomes in chronic pain patients receiving opioid therapy. Clin Ther. 2004; 26: 552–561
  • Daniels D, Lenard N, Etienne C, et al. Opioid-induced tolerance and dependence in mice is modulated by the distance between pharmacophores in a bivalent ligand series. PNAS. 2005; 102: 19208–19213
  • Boyd C, McCabe S, Cranford J, et al. Prescription drug abuse and diversion among adolescents in a southeast Michigan school district. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007; 161: 276–281
  • Teter C, McCabe S, LaGrange K, et al. Illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students: prevalence, motives, and routes of administration. Pharmacotherapy 2006; 26: 1501–1510
  • Gureje O, Von Korff M, Simon G E, Gâter R. Persistent pain and well being: a World Health Organization Study in Primary Care. JAMA 1998; 280: 147–151
  • Sullivan M, Edlund M, Zhang L, et al. Association between mental health disorders, problem drug use, and regular prescription opioid use. Arch Intern Med. 2006; 166: 2087–2093
  • Fudala P A, Johnson R D. Development of opioid formulations with limited diversion and abuse potential. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006; 83: S40–S47
  • deCharms R, Maeda A, Glover G, et al. Control over brain activation and pain learned by using real-time functional MRI. PNAS. 2005; 102: 18626–18631

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.