51
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
(RG) Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Perimenopausal women in estrogen vasomotor trials: contribution to placebo effect and efficacy outcome

, , &
Pages 19-27 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

  • Hammond CB. Menopause and hormone replacement therapy: an overview. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87:2S–15S
  • Kronenberg F. Hot flashes: epidemiology and physiology. Ann NY Acad Sci 1990;592:52–86
  • Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for clinical evaluation of combination estrogen/ proges tin-containingdrug products used for hormone replacement therapy of postmeno-pausal women. Communication from the Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Drug Products (DMEDP), prepared 3/7/95, approved 3/20/95. Rockville, MD: FDA, 1995
  • Burger HG, Dudley EC, Hopper JL, et al. Prospectively measured levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and the dimeric inhibins during the menopausal transition in a population-based cohort of women. J Clin Endo-crinol Metab 1999;84:4025–30
  • Dennerstein L, Dudley EC, Hopper JL, Guthrie JR, Burger HG. A prospective population-based study of menopausal symptoms. Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:351–8
  • Coope J, Thomson JM, Potter L. Effects of 'natural oestrogen' replacement therapy on menopausal symptoms and blood clotting. Br Med J 1975;4:139–43
  • Speroff L, Whitcomb RW, Kempfert NJ, Boyd RA, Paulissen JB, Rowan J. Efficacy and local tolerance of a low-dose, 7-day matrix estradiol transdermal system in the treatment of meno-pausal vasomotor symptoms. Obstet Gynecol 1996;88:587–92
  • Potter L, Thomson JM, Coope J. A double-blind cross-over study of piperazine oestrone sulphate and placebo with coagulation studies. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1980;87:718–25
  • Gordon SF, Thompson KA, Ruoff GE, Imig JR, Lane PJ, Schwenker C. Efficacy and safety of a seven-day, transdermal estradiol drug-delivery system: comparison with conjugated estrogens and placebo. Int J Fertil 1995;40:126–34
  • Kendle International Inc., Clinical Development Organization, Cincinnati, OH
  • SAS Institute. SASISTAT® User's Guide, Version 6, 4th ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, 1989;2: 1027–69
  • Adams W. Summary Basis for Approval for abbreviated new drug application 81–295 (Estrace). Rockville, MD: Fl 14 September 1992:1–4
  • Erlik Y, Meldrum DR, Judd HL. Estrogen levels in postmenopausal women with hot flashes. Obstet Gynecol 1982;59:403–7
  • Stone SC, Mickal A, Rye PH. Postmenopausal symptomatology, maturation index, and plasma estrogen levels. Obstet Gynecol 1975;45:625–7
  • Steingold K, Laufer L, Chetkowski RJ, et al. Treatment of hot flashes with transdermal estra-diol administration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985;61:627–32
  • Albrecht BH, Schiff I, Tulchinsky D, Ryan KJ. Objective evidence that placebo and medroxy-progesterone acetate therapy diminish meno-pausal vasomotor flushes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;139:631–5
  • Dobrilla G, Scarpignato C. Placebo and placebo effect: their impact on the evaluation of drug response in patients. Dig Dis 1994;12:368–77
  • Haas S, Walsh B, Evans S, Krache M, Ravnikar V, Schiff I. The effect of transdermal estradiol on hormone and metabolic dynamics over a six-week period. Obstet Gynecol 1988;71:671–6
  • Schiff I. Menopause. In Kistner RW, ed. Gynecology: Principles and Practice. Chicago, IL: Year Book Medical Publishers, 1986:565–82
  • MacLennan A, Lester S, Moore V. Oral oestro-gen replacement therapy versus placebo for hot flushes (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library, 1. Oxford: Update Software, 2001
  • Santoro NF, Col NF, Eckman MH, et al. Hormone replacement therapy — where are we going? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84: 1798–812
  • Roddick JW. Use of estrogens in the climacteric and postmenopausal years. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1977;20:903–11
  • Prior JC. Perimenopause: the complex endo-crinology of the menopausal transition. Endocr Rev 1998;19:397–428
  • Aedo AR, LeDonne M, Landgren BM, Diczfalusy E. Effect of orally administered oestrogens on gonadotrophin levels in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1989;11:147–57
  • Strickler RC, Borth R, Cecutti A, et al. The role of oestrogen replacement in the climacteric syndrome. Psychol Med 1977;7:631–9
  • Ottenbacher K. Statistical power and research in occupational therapy. Occup Ther J Res 1982; 2:13
  • Good WR, John VA, Ramirez M, Higgins JE. Double-masked, multicenter study of an estradiol matrix transdermal delivery system (Alora) versus placebo in postmenopausal women experiencing menopausal symptoms. Clin Ther 1996;18:1093–105

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.