Effect of hormone replacement therapies and selective estrogen receptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterine leiomyomas:a literature review

References

• Rock JA, Thompson JD, eds. Te Linde's Opera-tive Gynecology, 8th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers, 1997
   Google Scholar
• Jones FTW, Jones GS, eds. Novak's Textbook of Gynecology, 10th edn. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1981
   Google Scholar
• Vij U, Murugesan K, Laumas KR, Farooq A. Progestin and antiprogestin interactions with progesterone receptors in human myomas. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1990;31:347–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrapusta S, Sieinski W, Konopka B, Szamborski J, Paszko Z. Estrogen and progestin receptor levels in uterine leiomyoma: relation to tumour histology and the phase of menstrual cycle. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 1990;11:381–7
   Google Scholar
• Tamaya T, Fujimoto J, Okada H. Comparison of cellular levels of steroid receptors in uterine leio-myoma and myometrium. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1985;64:307–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchi KA, Keller PJ. Cytoplasmic progestin receptors in myomal and myometrial tissues.Concentrations and hormonal dependency. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1983;62:487–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison-Woolrych M, Robinson R. Fibroid growth in response to high-dose progestogen. Fertil Steril 1995;64:191–2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rein MS, Barbieri RL, Friedman AJ. Progester-one: a critical role in the pathogenesis of uterine myomas. Am J Obstet Gyneco/ 1995;172:14–18
   Google Scholar
• Reddy VV, Rose LI. Delta 4-3-ketosteroid 5-alpha-oxidoreductase in human uterine leio-myoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979;135:415–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart EA, Friedman AJ. Steroidal treatment of myomas: preoperative and long-term medical therapy. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 1992;10: 344–57
   Google Scholar
• Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Report of the US Preventive Services Task Force, 2nd edn. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1996:862
   Google Scholar
• de Aloysio D, Altieri P, Penacchioni P, Salgarello M, Ventura V. Bleeding patterns in recentpostmenopausal outpatients with uterine myo-mas: comparison between two regimens of HRT. Maturitas 1998;29:261–4
   Google Scholar
• Fedele L, Bianchi S, Raffaelli R, Zanconato G. A randomized study of the effects of tibolone and transdermal estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with uterine myomas. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2000;88:91–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregoriou 0, Vitoratos N, Papdias C, et al. Effect of tibolone on postmenopausal women with myomas. Maturitas 1997;27:187–91
   Google Scholar
• Orsini G, Pinto V, Di Biase S, D'Altorio C, Lanzilotti G. [The effects of menopausal replace-ment therapy in women with uterine myomas]. Minerva Ginecol 1999;51:421-5 (in Italian)
   Google Scholar
• Sener AB, Seckin NC, Ozmen S, Gokmen 0, Dogu N, Ekici E. The effects of hormone replace-ment therapy on uterine fibroids in postmeno-pausal women. Fertil Steril 1996;65:354–7
   Google Scholar
• Clark B, Johnson J. Effects of post-menopausal hormone replacement on uterine leiomyoma growth measured by ultrasound. J Soc Gynecol Invest 1999;6:164A
   Google Scholar
• Colacurci N, De Franciscis P, Cobellis L, Nazzaro G, De Placido G. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on postmenopausal uterine myoma. Maturitas 2000;35:167–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frigo P, Eppel W, Asseryanis E, et al. Effects of hormone substitution in depot form on the uterus in a group of 50 perimenopausal women — a vaginosonographic study. Maturitas 1995;21: 221–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz LB, Lazer S, Mark M, Nachtigall LE, Horan C, Goldstein S. Does the use of postmeno-pausal hormone replacement therapy influence the size of uterine leiomyomata? A preliminary report. Menopause 1996;31:38–43
   Google Scholar
• Ylostalo P, Granberg S, Backstrom AC, Hirsjarvi-Lahti T. Uterine findings by trans-vaginal sonography during percutaneous estro-gen treatment in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 1996;23:313–17
   Google Scholar
• Buttram VC Jr, Reiter RC. Uterine leiomyomata: etiology, symptomatology, and management. Fertil Steril 1981;36:433–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon JC, Vyas SK. Retroperitoneal leiomyoma presenting after hormone replacement therapy. J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;17:592–3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jamin C. [Contraception, hormone replacement therapy and myomas]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 1999;28:768-71 (in French)
   Google Scholar
• John AH, Martin R. Growth of leiomyomata with estrogen—progestogen therapy. J Reprod Med 1971;6:56–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart EA, Friedman AJ. Steroidal treatment of myomas: preoperative and long-term medicaltherapy. Semin Reprod Endocrinol 1992;10: 344–57
   Google Scholar
• Schwartz LB, Rutkowski N, Horan C, Nachtigall LE, Snyder J, Goldstein SR. Use of transvaginal ultrasonography to monitor the effects of tam-oxifen on uterine leiomyoma size and ovarian cyst formation. J Ultrasound Med 1998;17: 699–703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boudouris 0, Ferrand S, Guillet JL, Madelenat P. [Paradoxical effects of tamoxifen on the woman's uterus. Apropos of 7 cases of myoma that appeared while under anti-estrogen treatment]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 1989;18: 372–8 (in French)
   Google Scholar
• Dilts PV Jr, Hopkins MP, Chang AE, Cody RL. Rapid growth of leiomyoma in patient receiving tamoxifen. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166: 167–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankel T, Benjamin F. Rapid enlargement of a uterine fibroid after clomiphene therapy. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1973;80:764
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldstein SR. Effect of raloxifene on the endo-metrium: will this be the ultimate key to its utilization? Menopause 1999;6:183–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang J, Baxi L, Heller D. Tamoxifen-induced growth of leiomyomas. A case report. J Reprod Med 1996;41:119–20
   Google Scholar
• Kimya Y, Cengiz C, Tolunay S. Endometrial polyps, cystic glandular hyperplasia and atypical leiomyoma associated with tamoxifen therapy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1994;46:69–70
   Google Scholar
• Leo L, Lanza A, Re A, et al. Leiomyomas in patients receiving tamoxifen. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 1994;21:94–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sabatini R, Di Fazio F, Loizzi P. Uterine leio-myosarcoma in a postmenopausal woman treated with tamoxifen: case report. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 1999;20:327–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ugwumadu AH, Harding K. Uterine leiomyo-mata and endometrial proliferation in post-menopausal women treated with the anti-oestrogen tamoxifen. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1994;54:153–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs-Young R, Howe S, Hale L, Miles R, Walker C. Inhibition of estrogen-stimulated growth of uterine leiomyomas by selective estro-gen receptor modulators. Mol Carcinog 1996;17: 151–9
   Google Scholar
• Porter KB, Tsibris JC, Porter GW, et al. Effects of raloxifene in a guinea pig model for leiomyomas. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:1283–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker CL, Burroughs KD, Davis B, Sowell K, Everitt JI, Fuchs-Young R. Preclinical evidence for therapeutic efficacy of selective estrogen receptor modulators for uterine leiomyoma. J Soc Gynecol Invest 2000;7:249–56
   Google Scholar