REFERENCES
- Adams EH, Gfroerer JC, Rouse BA. Epidemiology of substance abuse including alcohol and cigarette smoking. In Prenatal Abuse of Licit and Illicit Drugs. Sciences AotNYAo 1989:14–20
- National Institutes on Drug Abuse. National Survey Shows over 220 000 Women Use Drugs during Pregnancy. Rockville Maryland: Public Information Branch, 1994
- Gomby DS, Shiono PH. Estimating the number of drug exposed infants. Future Child 1991;1:17–25
- Bashore RA, Ketchum JS, Staisch KL, et al. Heroin addiction and pregnancy. West J Med 1981;134:506–14
- Chasnoff IJ, Burns WJ, Schnoll SH, Burns KA. Cocaine use in pregnancy. N Engl J Med 1985;313:666–9
- Chasnoff IJ, Keith L, Schnoll SH, Burns KA. Perinatal aspects of maternal addiction. Curr Probl Obstet Gynecol Fertil 1986;IX:403–40
- LaFlash S, Aronson RA, Uttech S. Alcohol use during pregnancy: implications for physicians. Wisconsin Med J 1993;92:501–6
- Hanna EZ, Faden VB, Dufour MC. The effects of substance use during gestation on birth outcome, infant and maternal health. J Subst Abuse 1997;9:111–25
- Comerford M, Chitwood DD, McElrath K, Taylor J. Pregnancy among women with a history of injection drug use. Drugs Soc 1998;13:177–92
- Brown LSJ, Mitchell JL, DeVore SL, Primm BJ. Female intravenous drug users and perinatal HIV transmission. N Engl J Med 1989;320:1493–4
- Strathdee SA, Patrick DM, Currie SL, et al. Needle exchange is not enough: lessons from the Vancouver injecting drug use study. AIDS 1997;11:F59–65
- Tyndall MW, Patrick D, Spittal P, Li K, O’Shaughnessy MV, Schechter MT. Risky sexual behaviours among injection drug users with high HIV prevalence: implica- tions for STD control. Sex Transm Infect 2002;78 (Suppl 1):i170–5
- Wilson TE, Minkoff H, McCalla S, Petterkin C, Jaccard J. The relationship between pregnancy and sexual risk taking. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:1033–6
- Weber AE, Enns C, Hogg RS. Reproductive health indicators in British Columbia: a comparison of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal women. Can J Public Health 2002;in press
- Armstrong KA, Regina K, Samost L. Barriers to family planning services among patients in drug treatment programs. Fam Plann Perspect 1991;23:264–71
- Kline A, Kline E, Oken E. Minority women and sexual choice in the age of AIDS. Soc Sci Med 1992;34:447–57
- Oliva G, Rienks J, McDermid M. What high-risk women are telling us about access to primary and reproductive health care and HIV prevention services. AIDS Education and Prevention 1999;11:513–24
- Rosenbaum M. Difficulties in taking care of business: women addicts as mothers. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 1979;6:431–46