Thyroid function and postmenopause

References

• Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Major G, et al. The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:526–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oral E, Senturk LM, Hallac M, et al. Screening for thyroid disease at the menopause clinic. Climacteric 2002;5(Suppl 1):162
   Google Scholar
• Suchartwatnachai C, Thepppisai U, Jirapinyo M. Screening for hypothyroidism at a menopause clinic. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002;77:39–40
   Google Scholar
• McDermott MT, Ridgway EC. Subclinical hypo-thyroidism is mild thyroid failure and should be treated. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:4585–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis PJ, Davis FM. Hypothyroidism in the elderly. Compr Ther 1984;10:17–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Faughnan M, Lepage R, Fugere P, et al. Screening for thyroid disease at the menopausal clinic. Clin Invest Med 1995;18:11–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parle JV, Maisonneuve P, Sheppard MC, et al. Prediction of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in elderly people from one low serum thyrotropin result: a 10-year cohort study. Lancet 2001;358: 861–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pixberg HU, Pfannenstiel P. Schilddriisenfunktion und Klimakterium. Med Welt 1974;25:212–13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mann K, Krone W, Malter A, et al. Inter-disziplindre Betreuung von Patienten mit Schilddriisenerkrankungen. Frauenarzt 2000;41: 846–52
   Google Scholar
• Chu JW, Crapo LM. The treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism is seldom necessary. J Clin Endo-crinol Metab 2001;86:4591–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woeber KA. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Arch Intern Med 1997;157:1065–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meier C, Staub JJ, Roth CB, et al. TSH-controlled L-thyroxine therapy reduces cholesterol levels and clinical symptoms in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double blind, placebo-controlled trail (Basel thy-roid study).J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:4860–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, et al. Subclinical hyperthyroidism is an independent risk factor for arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam study. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:270–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faber J, Winberg N, Schifter S, et al. Haemo-dynamic changes following treatment of subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol 2001; 145:391–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearce EN, Braverman LE. Thyroid disease in perimenopausal and postmenopausalwomen. Fertil Reprod Med Clin North Am 2001;12:585–603
   Google Scholar
• Avioli LV. Hormone alteration and osteoporotic syndromes. J Bone Miner Res 1993;80 (Suppl 2): 511–14
   Google Scholar
• Sijanovic S, Karner I. Bone loss in perimenopausal women on long-term suppressive therapy with thyroid hormone. Med Scape Wom Health 2001;6:3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gyulay L, Bauer M, Garcia-Espana F, et al. Bone mineral density in pre- and postmenopausal women with affective disorder treated with long-term L-thyroxine augmentation. J Affect Disord 2001;66:185–91
   Google Scholar
• Campos-Pastor MM, Munoz-Torres M, Escobar-Jimenez F, et al. Bone mass in females with different thyroid disorders: influence of menopausal status. Bone Miner 1993;21:1–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Affinito P, Sorrentino C, Farance MJ, et al. Effects of thyroxine therapy on bone metabolism in post-menopausal women with hypothyroidism. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1996;75:843–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams JB. Adverse effects of thyroid hormones. Drugs Aging 1997;11:460–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider DL, Barrett-Connor EL, Morton DJ. Thyroid hormone use and bone mineral density in elderly women. J Am Med Assoc 1994;271:1245–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ongphiphadhanakul B, Poavilae G, Rajapanavin R. Effect of TSH-suppressive doses of levo-thyroxine and bone mineral density in Thai women. J Med Assoc Thai 1996;79:563–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sabuncu T, Aksoy N, Arikan E, et al. Early changes in parameters of bone and mineral metabolism during therapy for hyper- and hypothyroidism. Endocr Res 2001;27:203–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadji P, Hars O, Sturm G, et al. The effect of long-term, non-suppressive levothyroxine treat-ment on quantitative ultrasonometry of bone in women. EurJ Endocrinol 2000;142:445–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pines A, Dotan I, Tabori U, et al. L-Thyroxine prevents the bone-conserving effect of HRT in postmenopausal women with subclinical hypo-thyroidism. Gynecol Endocrinol 1999;13:196–201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arafah BM. Increased need for thyroxine in women with hypothyroidism during estrogen therapy. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1743–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• von Recklinghausen F. Die fibröse oder differierende Ostetis, die Osteomalozie und die osteoplastische Carzinose in ihren gegenseitigen Beziehungen. Rudolf Virchow Festschrift der Assistenten 1891;20
   Google Scholar
• Foldes J, Lakatos P, Zsadanyi J, et al. Decreased serum IGF-I and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate may be risk factors for the development of reduced bone mass in postmenopausal women with endo-genous subclinical hyperthyroidism. Eur J Endo-crinol 1997;136:277–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faber J, Jensen IW, Petersen L, et al. Normalization of serum thyotropin by means of radioio dine treat-ment in subclinical hyperthyroidism: effect on bone loss in postmenopausal women. Clin Endo-crinol 1998;48:285–90
   Google Scholar
• Jo dar E, Munoz-Torres M, Escobar-Jimenez F, et al. Bone loss in hyperthyroid patients and in former hyperthyroid patients controlled on medical therapy: influence of aetiology and meno-pause. Clin Endocrinol 1997;47:279–85
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ben-Shlomo A, Hagag P, Evans S, et al. Early postmenopausal bone loss in hyperthyroidism. Maturitas 2001;39:19–27
   Google Scholar
• Franklyn JA, Betteridge J, Holder R, et al. Effect of estrogen replacement therapy upon bone mineral density in thyroxine-treated postmenopausal women with a past history of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid 1997;5:359–63
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabuncu T, Aksoy N, Arikan E, et al. Early changes in parameters of bone and mineral metabolism during therapy for hyper- and hypothyroidism. Endocr Res 2001;27:203–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serraclara A, Jo dar E, Sarabia F, et al. Bone mass after long-term euthyroidism in former hyperthyroid women treated with 1131: influence ofmenopausal status. J Clin Densitom 2001;4:249–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obermayer-Pietsch B, Dobnig H, Warnkross H, et al. Variable bone mass recovery in hyperthyroid bone disease after radioio dine therapy in post-menopausal patients. Maturitas 2000;35:159–66
   Google Scholar
• Obermayer-Pietsch BM, Fruhauf GE, Chararas K, et al. Association of the vitamin D receptor geno-type BB with low bone density in hyperthyroidism. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15:1950–5
   Google Scholar