References
- Abrams R. Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy. Electroconvulsive therapy 4th edn., JWG Tiller, R W Lyndon. Oxford University Press, New York 2002; 17–42
- The UK ECT Review Group. Efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2003; 361: 799–808
- Weiner R D, Rogers H J, Davidson J R, Squire L R. Effects of stimulus parameters on cognitive side effects. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1986; 462: 315–325
- Sackeim H A, Prudic J, Devanand D P, et al. Effects of stimulus intensity electrode placement on the efficacy and cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy. New England Journal of Medicine 1993; 328: 839–846
- Lambourn J, Gill D. A controlled comparison of simulated and real ECT. British Journal of Psychiatry 1978; 133: 514–519
- Sackeim H A, Decina P, Kanzler M, Kerr B, Malitz S. Effects of electrode placement on the efficacy of titrated, low-dose ECT. American Journal of Psychiatry 1987; 144: 1449–1455
- Abrams R. Stimulus titration and ECT dosing. The Journal of ECT 2002; 18: 3–9
- McCall W, Reboussin D M, Weiner R D, Sackeim H A. Titrated moderately suprathreshold vs fixed high-dose right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy. Acute antidepressant and cognitive effects. Archives of General Psychiatry 2000; 57: 438–444
- Weiner R D. Stimulus dosing with ECT: to titrate or not to titrate–that is the question. Convulsive Therapy 1997; 13: 7–9
- Tiller JWG, Lyndon R W. Electroconvulsive therapy: an Australasian guide, JWG Tiller, R W Lyndon. Australian Postgraduate Medicine, Melbourne 2003
- Sackeim H A, Prudic J, Devanand D P, et al. A prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of bilateral and right unilateral electroconvulsive therapy at different stimulus intensities. Archives of General Psychiatry 2000; 57: 425–434
- Pettinati H M, Stephens S M, Willis K M, Robin S E. Evidence for less improvement in depression in patients taking benzodiazepines during unilateral ECT. American Journal of Psychiatry 1990; 147: 1029–1035
- Weiner R D, Rogers H J, Davidson JRT, Squire L R. Effects of stimulus parameters on cognitive side effects. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1986; 462: 315–325
- Janis I. Psychological effects of electroconvulsive treatments. I. Post-treatment amnesias. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 1950; 111: 251–382
- Prudic J, Olfson M, Sackeim H A. Electro-convulsive therapy practices in the community. Psychological Medicine 2001; 31: 929–934
- Fink M. Commentary on ‘Stimulus titration and ECT dosing’. Journal of ECT 2002; 18: 11–13
- Rasmussen K. Commentary on ‘Stimulus titration and ECT dosing’. Journal of ECT 2002; 18: 10–11
- Weiner R D. Commentary on ‘Stimulus titration and ECT dosing’. Journal of ECT 2002; 18: 13–14
- American Psychiatric Association Task Force. The practice of electroconvulsive therapy: recommendations for treatment training and privileging. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC 2001
- Enns M, Karvelas L. Electrical dose titration for electroconvulsive therapy: a comparison with dose prediction methods. Convulsive Therapy 1995; 11: 86–93
- Abrams R, Swartz C. ECT instruction manual 4th edn. Somatics, Lake Bluff 1993
- MECTA Corporation. MECTA instruction manual. MECTA Corporation, Lake Oswego 1998
- Weiner R D. ECT and seizure threshold: effects of stimulus wave form and electrode placement. Biological Psychiatry 1980; 15: 225–241
- Sackeim H, Decina P, Prohovnik I, Malitz S. Seizure threshold in electroconvulsive therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry 1987; 44: 355–360, Effects of sex, age, electrode placement and number of treatments
- Sackeim H A, Devanand D P, Prudic J. Stimulus intensity, seizure threshold, and seizure duration: impact on the efficacy and safety of electroconvulsive therapy. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 1991; 14: 803–843
- The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. RANZCP Memorandum #12: electroconvulsive therapy. RANZCP, Melbourne 1999
- Fink M. Energy dosing in ECT: threshold stimulation or formula?. Convulsive Therapy 1997; 13: 4–6
- Wells D G, Zelcer J, Treadrae C. ECT-induced asystole from a sub-convulsive shock. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 1988; 16: 368–371
- Bean G J, Marchese V, Martin B A. Electric stimulus energy and the clinical response to electroconvulsive therapy. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 1991; 36: 637–644