6
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Objective methods cannot predict anal incontinence after primary repair of extensive anal tears

, , , , &
Pages 439-443 | Published online: 07 Aug 2009

References

  • Haadem K, Ohrlander S, Lingman G. Long-term ailments due to anal sphincter rupture caused by delivery – a hidden problem. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1988; 27: 27–32.
  • Mellerup Sörensen S, Bondesen H, Istre O, Vilmann P Perineal rupture following vaginal delivery. Long term consequences. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1988; 67: 315–18.
  • Snooks SJ, Henry MM, Swash M. Faecal incontinence due to external anal sphincter division in childbirth is associated with damage to the innervation of the pelvic floor musculature: a double pathology. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1985; 92: 824–8.
  • Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Bartram CI. Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears; risk factors and outcome of primary repair. BMJ 1994; 308: 887–91.
  • Smith ARB, Hosker GL, Warrel DW The role of partial denervation of the pelvic floor in the aetiology of genitourinary prolapse and stress incontinence of urine, A neurophysiological study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1989; 96: 24–8.
  • Akervall S. Rectoanal function in man. Thesis. University of Göteborg, Göteborg 1989.
  • Neill ME, Swash M. Increased motor unit fibre density in the external anal sphincter muscle in ano-rectal incontinence: a single fibre EMG study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1980; 43: 343–7.
  • Crawford LA, Quint EH, Pearl ML, DeLancey JOL. Incontinence following rupture of the anal sphincter during delivery. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 82: 527–31.
  • Bek KM, Laurberg S. Risks of anal incontinence from subsequent vaginal delivery after a complete obstetric anal sphincter tear. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1992; 99: 724–6.
  • Bek KM, Laurberg S. Intervention during labor: risk factors associated with complete tear of the anal sphincter. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1992; 71: 520–4.
  • Combs CA, Robertson PA, Laros RK. Risk factors for third-degree and fourth-degree perineal lacerations in forceps and vacuum deliveries. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990; 163: 100–4.
  • Tetzschner T, Sörensen M, Rasmussen O, Lose G, Christiansen J. Pudendal nerve damage increases the risk of fecal incontinence in women with anal sphincter rupture after childbirth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1995; 74: 434–40.
  • Snooks SJ, Swash MM, Mathers SE, Henry MM. Effect of vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor; a five year follow-up. Br J Surg 1990; 32: 737–42.
  • Laurberg S, Swash M. Effects of aging on the anorectal sphincters and their innervation. Dis Colon Rectum 1989; 32: 737–42.
  • McHugh SM, Diamant NE. Effect of age, gender and parity on anal sphincter function to fecal incontinence. Digest Dis Sci 1987; 32: 726–36.
  • Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN, Thomas JM, Bartram CI. Anal sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 1905–11.
  • Miller R, Bartolo DCC, Cervero F, Mortensen NJMcC. Differences in anal sensation in continent and incontinent patients with perineal descent. Int J Colorect Dis 1989; 4: 45–9.
  • Cornes H, Bartolo DCC, Stirrat GM. Changes in anal canal sensation after childbirth. Br J Surg 1991; 78: 74–7.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.