References
- Low JA, Wood SL, Killen HL, Pater EA, Karchmar EJ. Intrapartum asphyxia in the preterm fetus < 2000 g. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;162:378–82
- Low J, PanagiotopoulosC, Derrick J. Newborn complications after intrapartum asphyxia with metabolic acidosis in the preterm fetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:805–10
- Simon NP. Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of asphyxiated newborns. Clin Perinatol 1999;26:767–78
- Sehdev HM, Stamilo DM, Macones GA, Graham E, Morgan MA. Predictive factors for neonatal morbidity in neonates with an umbilical arterial cord pH less than 7.00. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:1030–4
- Hibbard J, Hibbard M, Whalen M. Umbilical cord blood gases and mortality and morbidity in the very low birth weight infant. Obstet Gynecol 1991;78:768–73
- RichardsonB, Carmichael L, Homan J, JohnstonL, Gagnon R Fetal cerebral, circulatory and metabolic responses during heart ratedecelerationswith umbilicalcord compression. AmJ Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:929–36
- ItskovitzJ, La Gamma E, RudolfA. Effectsof cord compression on fetal blood flow distribution and O2 delivery. Am J Physio 1987;252:H100–9
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Research Planning Workshop. Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring: researchguidelinesfor interpretation. AmJ Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:1385–90
- Herbst A, Wolner-Hanssen P, Ingemarsson I. Risk factors for acidemia at birth. Obstet Gynecol 1997;90:125–30
- Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. Antecedents of cerebral palsy. Multivariate analysis of risk. N Engl J Med 1986;315:81–6
- Papile LA, Burstein J, Burstein R, Koffler H. Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: a study of infants with birth weights less than 1,500 gm. J Pediatr 1978;92:529–34
- Vermont–Oxford Network Database Manual of Operations. VermontOxfordNetworkInc. ver 4.0,November23rd,1999
- Levine MI, Williams JL, Fawer C-L. Ultrasound of the brain. Spastics International Medical Publications no. 92. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1985
- GaffneyG, Squier MV, Johnson A, Flavell V, Sellers S. Clinical associations of prenatal ischaemic white matter injury. Arch Dis Child 1994;70:F101–6
- Kawagoe Y, Green L, White S, Richardson B. Intermittent umbilical cord occlusion in the ovine fetus near term: effects on behavioral state activity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:1520–9
- Mallard E, Williams C, Gunn A, Gunning M, Gluckman P. Frequent episodes of brief ischemia sensitize the fetal sheep brain to neuronal loss and induce striatal injury. Pediatr Res 1993;33:61–5
- Perlman JM, McMenamin JB, Volpe JJ. Fluctuating cerebral blood flow in respiratory-distress syndrome. Relation to the development of intraventricular hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 1983;309:204–9
- Casey BM, Nathan L, Leveno KJ, Perlman JM, Sherman ML. Intraventricular hemorrhage and fetal heart rate in very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol 1997;17:208–12
- Bryant D, BattonD, Sloan C, Lorenz R. Variable decelerations and the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage/periventricular leukomalacia: a case control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 172:418
- Anderson GD, BadaHS, Shaver DC, Harvey CJ, Korones SB, Wong SP, Arheart KL, Magill HR. The effect of cesarean section on intraventricularhemorrhage in the preterminfant. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166:1091–101
- Malloy MH, Onstad L, Wright E. The effect of cesarean delivery on birth outcome in very low birthweight infants. Obstet Gynecol 1991;77:498–503