References
- Rayburn WF, Siemers KH, Legino LJ, Nabity MR, Anderson JC, PatilKD. Dystocia in late labor: determining fetal position by clinical and ultrasonic techniques. Am J Perinatol 1989; 6:316–19
- Gardberg M, Laakkonen E, Sälevaara M. Intrapartum sonography and persistentocciputposteriorposition: a study of 408 deliveries. Obstet Gynecol 1998;91:746–9
- Perkins RP. Fetaldystocia. ClinObstetGynecol 1987; 30:56–68
- Gardberg M, Tuppurainen M. Persistent occiput posterior presentation–a clinical problem. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1994;73:45–7
- Friedman EA, Kroll BH. Computer analysis of labor progression. V. Effects of fetal presentationand position. J ReprodMed 1972;8:117–21
- Rojansky N, Tanos V, Reubinoff B, Shapira S, Weinstein D. Effect of epidural analgesia on duration and outcome of induced labor. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1997;56:237–44
- Robinson CA, Macones GA, Roth NW, Morgan MA. Does station of the fetal head at epidural placement affect the position of the fetal vertex at delivery? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:991–4
- Hawkins JL, Hess KR, Kubicek MA, Joyce TH 3rd, Morrow DH. A re-evaluation of the association between instrument delivery and epidural analgesia. Reg Anesth 1995;20:50–6
- Kuo YC, Chen CP, Wang KG. Factors influencing the prolonged second stage and the effects on perinatal and maternal outcomes. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 1996;22:253–7
- Pearl ML, Roberts JM, Laros RK, HurdWW. Vaginal delivery from the persistent occiput posterior position. Influence on maternal and neonatal morbidity. J Reprod Med 1993;38:955–61
- Floberg J, Belfrage P, Ohlsén H. Influence of pelvic outlet capacity on labor. A prospective pelvimetry study of 1,429 unselected primiparas. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1987;66:121–6
- American College of Obstetriciansand Gynecologists.Operative vaginal delivery. Technical Bulletin no. 196. ACOG, 1994
- Williams MC. Vacuum-assisted delivery. Clin Perinatol 1995; 22:933–52
- Johanson RB, Rice C, DoyleM, Arthur J,Anyanwa L, Ibrahim J,Warwick A, Redhan CW, O’Brign PM. A randomised prospective study comparing the new vacuum extractor policy with forceps delivery [see comments]. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1993;100:524–30
- Broekhuizen FF, Washington JM, Johnson F, Hamilton PR. Vacuum extraction versus forceps delivery: indications and complications,1979to 1984. ObstetGynecol 1987; 69:338–42
- Teng FY, Sayre JW. Vacuumextraction: does durationpredict scalp injury? Obstet Gynecol 1997;89:281–5
- Hankins GD, Rowe TF.Operativevaginal delivery–year2000 [see comments]. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:275–82
- McDonald MB, BurgessSK. Contralateraloccipitaldepression related to obstetric forceps injury to the eye. Am J Ophthalmol 1992;114:318–21
- Bofill JA, Rust OA, Devidas M, Roberts WE, Morrison JC, Martin JN Jr. Shoulder dystocia and operative vaginal delivery. J Matern Fetal Med 1997;6:220–4
- Bofill JA, Rust OA, Devidas M, Roberts WE, Morrison JC, Martin JN Jr. Neonatal cephalohematoma from vacuum extraction. J Reprod Med 1997;42:565–9
- Meyer L, Mailloux J, Marcoux S, Blanchet P,Meyer F. Maternal and neonatalmorbidity in instrumental deliverieswith the Kobayashi vacuum extractor and low forceps. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1987;66:643–7
- De Jonge ET, Lindeque BG. A properly conducted trial of a ventouse can prevent unexpected failure of instrumental delivery [see comments]. S Afr Med J 1991;79:545–6