Activation of coagulation system in preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of membranes

References

• Stenberg PE, McEver RP, Shuman MA, et al. A platelet alpha-granule membrane protein (GMP-140) is expressed on the plasma membrane after activation. J Cell Biol 1985;101: 880�6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henn V, Slupsky JR, Grafe M, et al. CD40 ligand on activated platelets triggers an inflammatory reaction of endothelial cells. Nature (London) 1998;391:591�4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hattori R, Hamilton KK, Fugate RD, et al. Stimulated secretion of endothelial vonWillebrand factor is accompanied by rapid redistribution to the cell surface of the intracellular granule membrane protein GMP-140. J Biol Chem 1989;264: 7768�71
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lum H, Malik AB. Regulation of vascular endothelial barrier function. Am J Physiol 1994;267:L223�41
   Google Scholar
• Cirino G, Cicala C, Bucci MR, et al. Thrombin functions as an inflammatory mediator through activation of its receptor. J Exp Med 1996;183:821�7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar-Shavit R, Kahn A, Wilner GD, et al. Monocyte chemotaxis: stimulation by specific exosite region in thrombin. Science 1983;220:728�31
   Google Scholar
• Naldini A, Carney DH, Bocci V, et al. Thrombin enhances T cell proliferative responses and cytokine production. Cell Immunol 1993;147:367�77
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bizios R, Lai L, Fenton JW, et al. Thrombin-induced chemotaxis and aggregation of neutrophils. J Cell Physiol 1986;128: 485�90
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drake WT, Issekutz AC. A role for alpha-thrombin in polymorphonuclear leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Semin Thromb Hemost 1992;18:333�40
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sonne O. The specific binding of thrombin to human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1988;48: 831�8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drake WT, Lopes NN, Fenton JW, et al. Thrombin enhancement of interleukin-1and tumornecrosis factor-alpha induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration. Lab Invest 1992;67: 617�27
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara CA, Sarembock IJ, Gimple LW, et al. Thrombin stimulates proliferation of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells by a proteolytically activated receptor. J Clin Invest 1993;91:94�8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauck RW, Schulz C, Schomig A, et al. Alpha-Thrombin stimulates contraction of human bronchial rings by activation of protease-activated receptors. Am J Physiol 1999;277:L22�9
   Google Scholar
• Jerius H, Beall A, Woodrum D, et al. Thrombin-induced vasospasm: cellular signaling mechanisms. Surgery 1998;123: 46�50
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams MA, Mittendorf R, Lieberman E, et al. Adverse infant outcomes associated with first-trimester vaginal bleeding. Obstet Gynecol 1991;78:14�18
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BerkowitzGS, Harlap S, Beck GJ, et al. Early gestational bleeding and pregnancy outcome: a multivariable analysis. Int J Epidemiol 1983;12:165�73
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harger JH, Hsing AW, Tuomala RE, et al. Risk factors for preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes: a multicenter case�control study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;163:130�7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fareed J, Kindel G, Kumar A. Modulation of smooth muscle responses by serine proteases and related enzymes. Semin Thromb Hemost 1986;12:265�76
   Google Scholar
• Uszynski M, Rutkowska L. Oxytocic action of thrombin on the rat uterus in vitro. Ginekol Pol 1975;46:783�6
   Google Scholar
• Elovitz MA, Ascher-Landsberg J, Saunders T, et al. The mechanisms underlying the stimulatory effects of thrombin on myometrial smooth muscle. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; a183:674�81
   Google Scholar
• Elovitz MA, Saunders T, Ascher-Landsberg J, et al. Effects of thrombinonmyometrial contractions in vitro and in vivo. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:799�804
   Google Scholar
• Phillippe M, Elovitz M, Saunders T. Thrombin-stimulated uterine contractions in the pregnant and nonpregnant rat. J Soc Gynecol Invest 2001;8:260�5
   Google Scholar
• Vintzileos AM, Campbell WA, Nochimson DJ, et al. Preterm premature rupture of the membranes: a risk factor for the development of abruptio placentae. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987; 156:1235�8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonen R, Hannah ME, Milligan JE. Does prolonged preterm premature rupture of the membranes predispose to abruptio placentae? Obstet Gynecol 1989;74:347�50
   Google Scholar
• DarbyMJ, Caritis SN, Shen-SchwarzS.Placental abruptionin the preterm gestation: an association with chorioamnionitis. Obstet Gynecol 1989;74:88�92
   Google Scholar
• Gomez R, Athayde N, Pacora P, et al. Increased thrombin in intrauterine inflammation.AmJ Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:S62
   Google Scholar
• Narayanan S.Multifunctionalroles of thrombin.Ann Clin Lab Sci 1999;29:275�80
   Google Scholar
• Dati F, Pelzer H, Wagner C. Relevance of markers of hemostasis activation in obstetrics/gynecology and pediatrics. Semin Thromb Hemost 1998;24:443�8
   Google Scholar
• Romero R, Rickles FR, Matthews E, et al. Fibrinopeptide A during normal pregnancy. Am J Perinatol 1988;5:70�3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comeglio P, Fedi S, LiottaAA, et al. Blood clotting activation during normal pregnancy. Thromb Res 1996;84:199�202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arias F, Romero R, Joist H, et al. Thrombophilia:a mechanism of disease in women with adverse pregnancy outcome and thrombotic lesions in the placenta. J Matern Fetal Med 1998; 7:277�86
   Google Scholar
• Elovitz MA, Baron J, Phillippe M. The role of thrombin in preterm parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:1059�63
   Google Scholar
• Rosen T, Kuczynski E, O�Neill LM, et al. Plasma levels of thrombin�antithrombin complexes predict preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes. J Matern Fetal Med 2001;10:297�300
   Google Scholar
• Cicala C, Cirino G. Linkage between inflammation and coagulation: an update on the molecular basis of the crosstalk. Life Sci 1998;62:1817�24
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gervasi MT, Chaiworapongsa T, Naccasha N, et al. Phenotypic and metabolic characteristics ofmaternal monocytes and granulocytes in preterm labor with intact membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:1124�9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gervasi MT, Chaiworapongsa T, Naccasha N, et al. Maternal intravascular inflammation in preterm premature rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonat Med 2002;11:171�5
   Google Scholar
• Romero R, MunozH, Gomez R, et al.Two third of spontaneous abortion/fetal deaths after amniocentesis are the results of a pre-existing subclinical inflammatory process of the amniotic cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:261
   Google Scholar
• Wenstrom KD, Andrews WW, Hauth JC, et al. Elevated second-trimester amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels predict preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:546�50
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldenberg RL, AndrewsWW,MercerBM, et al. The preterm prediction study: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and spontaneous preterm birth. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal�Fetal Medicine Units Network. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:625�30
   Google Scholar
• Yoon BH, Oh SY, Romero R, et al. An elevated amniotic fluid matrix metalloproteinases-8 level at the time of mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis is a risk factor for spontaneous preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;185:1162�7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghezzi F, Franchi M, Raio L, et al. Elevated amniotic fluid C-reactive protein at the time of genetic amniocentesis is a marker for preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186:268�73
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lockwood CJ. The diagnosis of preterm labor and the predictionof preterm delivery. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1995;38:675�87
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rimon E, Many A, Yaron R, et al. High prevalence of thrombophilia in women with preterm delivery or late second-trimester abortion.AmJ Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:S38
   Google Scholar
• Gopel W, Kim D, Gortner L. Prothrombotic mutations as a risk factor for preterm birth. Lancet 1999;353:1411�12
   Google Scholar
• Bellart J, Gilabert R, Fontcuberta J, et al. Coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters in normal pregnancy and in pregnancy complicated by intrauterine growth retardation.AmJ Perinatol 1998;15:81�5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Boer K, ten Cate JW, Sturk A, et al. Enhanced thrombin generation innormal andhypertensive pregnancy. AmJ Obstet Gynecol 1989;160:95�100
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vincent T, Rai R, Regan L, et al. Increased thrombin generation in women with recurrent miscarriage. Lancet 1998;352: 116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar