References
- Hankins G, Willinger M, Spong C. Stillbirth after 20 weeks. Semin Perinatol 2002;26: 1�2
- Martin JA, Hoyert DL. The national fetal death file. Semin Perinatol 2002;26:3�11
- Cassell GH, Davis RO, Waites KB, et al. Isolation of Mycoplasmahominis and Ureaplasmaurealyticumfromamniotic fluid at 16�20 weeks of gestation: potential effect on outcome of pregnancy. Sex Transm Dis 1983;10:294�302
- Donnenfeld A, Tolosa JE, Cohen J, et al. An elevated midtrimester amniotic fluid interleukin-6 soluble receptor level is a risk factor for subsequent fetal death. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;174:435,abstr. 453
- Ghezzi F, Franchi M, Raio L, et al. Elevated amniotic fluid C-reactive protein at the time of genetic amniocentesis is a marker for preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186:268�73
- Gray DJ, Robinson HB, Malone J, et al. Adverse outcome in pregnancy following amniotic fluid isolation of Ureaplasma urealyticum. Prenat Diagn 1992;12:111�17
- Horowitz S, Mazor M, Romero R, et al. Infection of the amniotic cavity with Ureaplasma urealyticum in the midtrimester of pregnancy. J Reprod Med 1995;40:375�9
- Romero R,Munoz H, Gomez R, et al. Two thirds of spontaneous abortion/fetal deaths after genetic amniocentesis are the result of a pre-existing sub-clinical inflammatory process of the amniotic cavity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;172:261
- Wenstrom KD, Andrews WW, Tamura T, et al. Elevated amniotic fluid interleukin-6 levels at genetic amniocentesis predict subsequent pregnancy loss. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996; 175:830�3
- Yoon BH, Oh SY, Romero R, et al. An elevated amniotic fluid matrix metalloproteinase-8level at the time of mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis is a risk factor for spontaneous preterm delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:1162�7
- Goldenberg RL, Thompson C. The infectious origins of stillbirth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;in press
- Gibbs RS. The origins of stillbirth: infectious diseases. Semin Perinatol 2002;26:75�8
- AkbarAN, Terry L, Timms A, et al. Loss of CD45Rand gain of UCHL1 reactivity is a feature of primed T cells. J Immunol 1988;140:2171�8
- Early E, Reen DJ. Rapid conversion of naive to effectorT cell function counteracts diminished primary human newborn T cell responses. Clin Exp Immunol 1999;116:527�33
- Ferrer JM, Plaza A, Kreisler M, et al. Differential interleukin secretion by in vitro activatedhuman CD45RA and CD45RO CD4+ T cell subsets. Cell Immunol 1992;141:10�20
- WallaceDL, BeverleyPC. Phenotypic changes associatedwith activation of CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ T cells. Immunology 990;69:460�7
- Beverley PC. Functional analysis of human T cell subsets defined by CD45 isoform expression. Semin Immunol 1992; :35�41
- Gervasi MT, Chaiworapongsa T, Pacora P, et al. Phenotypic and metabolic characteristics of monocytes and granulocytes in preeclampsia.Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:792�7
- Hodge S, Hodge G, Flower R, et al. Surface activation markers of T lymphocytes: role in the detection of infection in neonates. Clin Exp Immunol 1998;113:33�8
- Beik AI, Morris AG, Higgins RM, et al. Serial flow cytometric analysis of T-cell surface markers can be useful in differential diagnosis of renal allograft dysfunction. Clin Transplant 1998;12:24�9
- Bruning T, Daiminger A, Enders G. Diagnostic value of CD45RO expression on circulating T lymphocytes of fetuses and newborn infants with pre-, peri- or early post-natal infections. Clin Exp Immunol 1997;107: 306�11
- Michie C, Harvey D. Can expression of CD45RO, a T-cell surface molecule, be used to detect congenital infection? Lancet 1994;343:1259�60
- Paganelli R, Cherchi M, Scala E, et al. Activatedand �memory� phenotype of circulating T lymphocytes in intrauterine life. Cell Immunol 1994;155:486�92
- Lecewicz-TorunB, Pietrzak A, Rolinski J, et al. The peripheral blood lymphocyte pattern in psoriasis preceded by an infection. Med Sci Monit 2001;7:889�93
- Mamoune A, Durand V, Le Goff P, et al. Abnormal distributionofCD45 isoformsexpressedbyCD4+ and CD8+ T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Histol Histopathol 2000;15:587�91
- Lara-Marquez ML, Moan MJ, Cartwright S, et al. Atopic asthma: differential activation phenotypes among memory T helper cells. Clin Exp Allergy 2001;31:1232�41
- Pinto L, CovasMJ, Victorino RM. Loss of CD45RA and gain of CD45RO after in vitro activation of lymphocytes from HIV-infected patients. Immunology 1991;73: 147�50
- MahalingamM, PozniakA, McManus TJ, et al. Abnormalities of CD45 isoform expression in HIV infection. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1996;81:210�14
- Matthiesen L, Berg G, Ernerudh J, et al. Lymphocyte subsets and autoantibodies in pregnancies complicated by placental disorders.Am J Reprod Immunol 1995;33:31�9
- De Rosa SC, Herzenberg LA, Herzenberg LA, et al. 11-color, 13-parameter flow cytometry: identification of human naive T cells by phenotype, function, and T-cell receptor diversity. Nature Med 2001;7:245�8
- De Rosa SC, Brenchley JM, Roederer M. Beyond six colors: a new era in flow cytometry. Nature Med 2003;9:112�17
- Akbar AN, Salmon M, Janossy G. The synergy between naive and memory T cells during activation. Immunol Today 1991;12:184�8
- Miyawaki T, Uehara T, Nibu R, et al. Differentialexpressionof apoptosis-related Fas antigen on lymphocyte subpopulations in human peripheral blood. J Immunol 1992;149:3753�8
- Morimoto C, Schlossman SF. P. Rambotti Lecture. Human naive and memory T cells revisited: new markers (CD31 and CD27) that help define CD4+ T cell subsets. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1993;11: 241�7
- Okumura M, Fujii Y, Takeuchi Y, et al. Age-related accumulation of LFA-1high cells in a CD8+CD45RAhigh T cell population. Eur J Immunol 1993;23:1057�63
- Picker LJ, Treer JR, Ferguson-Darnell B, et al. Control of lymphocyte recirculation in man. II. Differential regulation of the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen, a tissueselective homing receptor for skin-homing T cells. J Immunol 1993;150:1122�36
- Gibbs RS, Davies JK, McDuffie RS Jr, et al. Chronic intrauterine infection and inflammation in the preterm rabbit, despite antibiotic therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186: 234�9
- Yankowitz J, Weiner CP, Henderson J, et al. Outcome of low-risk pregnancies with evidence of intraamniotic viral infection detected by PCR on amniotic fluid obtained at second trimester genetic amniocentesis. J Soc Gynecol Invest 1996;3:132
- Axemo P, Ching C, Machungo F, et al. Intrauterine infections and their association with stillbirth and preterm birth in Maputo, Mozambique.Gynecol Obstet Invest 1993;35:108�13
- Benirschke K, Robb JA. Infectious causes of fetal death. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1987;30:284�94
- Christensen KK. Infection as a predominant cause of perinatal mortality. Obstet Gynecol 1982;59:499�508
- FolgosaE, GonzalezC, Osman NB, et al.Acase control studyof chorioamniotic infectionand histologicalchorioamnionitisin stillbirth.APMIS 1997;105:329�36
- Moyo SR, Tswana SA, Nystrom L, et al. Intrauterine death and infections during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1995;51:211�18
- Quinn PA, Butany J, Chipman M, et al.A prospectivestudy of microbial infection in stillbirths and early neonatal death. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985;151:238�49
- Moyo SR, Hagerstrand I, Nystrom L, et al. Stillbirths and intrauterine infection, histologicchorioamnionitisand microbiological findings. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1996;54:115�23
- Battochio A, Solez K, Poppema S, et al. CD45 isoforms and lymphocyte activation antigens in acute renal allograft rejection. Transplant Proc 1996;28:482�3