20
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Clinical applications of non-culture based methods for the diagnosis and management of opportunistic and endemic mycoses

, , , , , & show all
Pages 161-171 | Published online: 01 Apr 2010

References

  • Wald A, Leisenring W, van Bunk J, Bowden RA. Natural history of Aspergillus infections in a large cohort of patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. J Infect Dis 1997; 175: 1459–1466.
  • Tang CM, Holden DW, Aufauvre-Brown A, Cohen J. The detection of Aspergillus spp. by the polymerase chain reaction and its evaluation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am Rev Resp Dis 1993; 148: 1313–1317.
  • Reddy LV, Kumar A, Kurup VP. Specific amplification of Aspergillus fumigatus DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Mol Cell Probes 1993; 7: 121–126.
  • Spreadbury C, Holden D, Aufauvre-Brown A, Bainbridge B, Cohen J. Detection of Aspergillus fumigatus by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31: 615–621.
  • Melchers WJG, Verweij PE, van den Hurk P, et al. General primer-mediated PCR for detection of Aspergillus species. J Gun Microbiol 1994; 3/ 1710-1717.
  • Bretagne S, Costa J-M, Marmorat-Khuong A, et al. Detection of Aspergillus species DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage samples by competitive PCR. J Gun Microbiol 1995; 33: 1164–1168.
  • Einsele H, Hebart H, Roller G, et al. Detection and identifica-tion of fungal pathogens in blood by using molecular probes. J Gun Microbiol 1997; 35: 1353–1360.
  • Makimura K, Murayama SY, Yamaguchi H. Detection of a wide range of medically important fungi by the polymerase chain reaction. J Med Microbiol 1994; 40: 358–364.
  • van Bunk J, Myerson D, Schreckhise R, Bowden R. Panfun-gal PCR assay for detection of fungal infection in human blood specimens. J Gun Microbiol 1998; 36: 1169–1175.
  • Bretagne S, Costa JM, Bart-Delabesse E, Dhedin N, Rieux C, Cordonnier C. Comparison of serum galactomannan antigen detection and competitive polymerase chain reaction for diag-nosing invasive aspergillosis. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26: 1407–1412.
  • Williamson EC, Leeming JP, Palmer HM, et al. Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in bone marrow transplant recipients by polymerase chain reaction. Br J Haematol 2000; 108: 132–139.
  • Verweij PE, Latgé JP, Rijs AJMM, et al. Comparison of antigen detection and PCR assay with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis in patients receiving treatment for hematological malignancies. J Gun Microbiol 1995; 33: 3150–3153.
  • Latgé JP. Aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillosis. Clin Micro-biol Rev 1999; 1/. 310–350.
  • Bodey G, Bueltmann B, Duguid W, et al. Fungal infections in cancer patients: an international autopsy survey. Eur J Gun Microbiol Infect Dis 1992; 11: 99–109.
  • DeGregorio MW, Lee WMF, Linker CA, Jacobs RA, Ries CA. Fungal infections in patients with acute leukemia. Am J Med 1982; 73: 543–548.
  • Sherertz RJ, Belani A, Kramer BS, et al. Impact of air filtration on nosocomial Aspergillus infections. Unique risk of bone marrow transplant recipients. Am J Med 1987; 83: 709–718.
  • Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE. Medical Mycology. Philadel-phia: Lea and Febiger, 1992.
  • Sulahian A, Tabouret M, Ribaud P, et al. Comparison of an enzyme immunoassay and latex agglutination test for detec-tion of galactomannan in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillo-sis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1996; 15: 139–145.
  • Latgé JP, Moutaouakil M, Debeaupuis JP, Bouchara JP, Haynes K, Prevost MC. The 18-kilodalton antigen secreted by Aspergillus fumigatus. Infect unman 1991; 59: 2586–2594.
  • Beauvais A, Monod M, Debeaupuis JP, Diaquin M, Kobayashi H, Latgé JP. Biochemical and antigenic characteri-zation of a new dipeptidyl-peptidase isolated from Aspergillus fianigatus. J Biol Chem 1997; 272: 6238–6244.
  • Latgé JP, Debeaupuis JP, Sarfati J, Diaquin M, Paris S. Cell wall antigens in Aspergillus fumigatus. Arch Med Res 1993; 24: 269–274.
  • Lopez-Medrano RM, Ovejero MC, Calera JA, Puente P, Leal F. An immunodominant 90-kilodalton Aspergillus fumigatus antigen is the subunit of a catalase. Infect Immun 1995; 63: 4774–4780.
  • Holdom MD, Hay RJ, Hamilton AJ. Purification, N-terminal amino acid sequence and partial characterization of a Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase from the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Free Rad Res 1995; 2/ 519–531.
  • Holdom MD, Hay RJ, Hamilton AJ. The Cu-Zn superoxide dismutases of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus 0 2000 1SHAM, Medical Mycology, 38, Suppl. 1, 161-171 nidulans, and Aspergillus terreus: purification and biochemical comparison with the Aspergillus fumigatus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase. Infect Immun 1996; 64: 3326–3332.
  • Hamilton AJ, Holdom MD, Hay RJ. Specific recognition of purified Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase from Aspergillus fumiga-tus by immune human sera. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 495–496.
  • Calera JA, Paris S, Monod M, et al. Cloning and disruption of the antigenic catalase gene of Aspergillus fumigatus. Infect Immun 1997; 65: 4718–4724.
  • Holdom MD, Lechenne B, Hay RJ, Hamilton AJ, Monod M. Production and characterization of recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase and its recognition by immune human sera. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 3& 558–562.
  • Hamilton AJ, Holdom MD, Jeavons L. Expression of the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase of Aspergillus fumigatus as deter-mined by immunochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1996; 14: 95–102.
  • Calera JA, Ovejero MC, Lopez-Medrano R, Segurado P, Leal F. Characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans aspndl gene demonstrates that the ASPND1 antigen, which it encodes, and several Aspergillus fumigatus immunodominant antigens be-long to the same family. Infect Immun 1997; 65: 1335–1344.
  • Gralla EB, Kosman DJ. Molecular genetics of superoxide dismutases in yeasts and related fungi. Advan Genet 1992; 30: 251–319.
  • Chary PR, Hallewell RA, Natvig DO. Structure, exon pattern and chromosome mapping of the gene for cytosolic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (sod-I) from Neurospora crassa. J Biol Chem 1990; 265: 18961–18967.
  • Dei-Cas E, Soulw B, Palluault F, Charet P, Camus D. Pneu-mocystis carinii, un défi pour le biologiste. Med Sci 1990; 6: 517–525.
  • Wakefield AE, Pixley FJ, Banerji S, Sinclair K, Miller RF, Moxon ER, Hopkin JM. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii with DNA amplification. Lancet 1990; 336: 451–453.
  • Olsson M, Elvin K, Lofdahl S, Linder E. Detection of Pneu-mocystis carinii DNA in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31: 221–226.
  • Tsolaki AG, Miller RF, Underwood AP, Banerji S, Wakefield AE. Genetic diversity at the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rRNA operon among isolates of Pneumocystis carinii from AIDS patients with recurrent pneumonia. J Infect Dis 1996; 174: 141–156.
  • Tamburrini E, Mencarini P, Visconti E, et al. Potential impact of Pneumocystis genetic diversity on the molecular detection of the parasite in human host. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 1998; 22: 123–128.
  • Mazars E, Herbecq S, Szypura AS, Fruit J, Camus D, Dei-Cas E. Pneumocystis carinii detection in 158 HIV-seronegative patients. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1996; 43 (Suppl.): 28.
  • Rabodonirina M, Raffenot D, Cotte L, et al. Rapid detection of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from HIV-infected patients: use of a simple DNA extraction procedure and nested polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 2748–2751.
  • Sandhu GS, Kline BC, Espy MJ, Stockman L, Smith TF, Limper AH. Laboratory diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii infections by PCR directed to genes encoding for mitochon-drial 5S and 28S ribosomal RNA. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1999; 33: 157–162.
  • Torres J, Goldman M, Wheat LJ, et al. Diagnosis of Pneumo-cystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-in-fected patients with polymerase chain reaction: a blinded comparison to standard methods. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30: 141–145.
  • Wakefield AE, Miller RF, Guiver LA, Hopkin JM. Oro-pharyngeal samples for detection of Pneumocystis carinii by DNA amplification. Q J Med 1993; 86: 401–406.
  • Helweg-Larsen J, Jensen JS, Lundgren B. Non-invasive diag-nosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by PCR on oral washes. Lancet 1997; 350: 1363.
  • Khan MA, Farrag N, Butcher P. Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: immunofluorescence staining, simple PCR or nPCR. J Infect 1999; 39: 77–80.
  • Tsolaki AG, Miller RF, Wakefield AE. Orophatyngeal sam-ples for genotyping and monitoring response to treatment in AIDS patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. J Med Microbiol 1999; 48: 897–905.
  • Helweg-Larsen J, Jensen J, Benfield T, Svendsen UG, Lund-gren JD, Lundgren B. Diagnostic use of PCR for detection of Pneumocystis carinii in oral wash samples. J Gun Microbiol 1998; 36: 2068–2072.
  • Rabodonirina M, Cotte L, Boibieux A, et al. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in blood specimens from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected patients by nested PCR. J Gun Microbiol 1999; 37: 127–131.
  • Tamburrini E, Mencarini P, Visconti E, et al. Detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in blood by PCR is not of value for diagnosis of P. carinii pneumonia. J Gun Microbiol 1996; 34: 1586–1588.
  • Lu JJ, Chen CH, Bartlett MS, Smith JW, Lee CH. Compari-son of six different PCR methods for detection of Pneumocys-tis carinii. J Gun Microbiol 1995; 33: 2785–2788.
  • Giuntoli D, Stringer SL, Stringer JR. Extraordinary low num-ber of ribosomal RNA genes in P. carinii. J Eulcaryot Micro-biol 1994; 41 (Suppl.): 88.
  • Miller RF, Wakefield AE Pneumocystis carinii genotypes and severity of pneumonia. Lancet 1999; 353: 2039–2040.
  • Helweg-Larsen J, Benfield TL, Eugen-Olsen J, Lundgren JD, Lundgren B. Effects of mutations in Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene on outcome of AIDS-associ-ated P. carinii pneumonia. Lancet 1999; 354: 1347–1351.
  • Meshnick SR. Drug-resistant Pneumocystis carinii. Lancet 1999; 354: 1318–1319.
  • Ma L, Borio L, Masur H, Kovacs JA. Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase but not dihydrofolatereductase gene mutations correlate with prior trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or dapsone use. J Infect Dis 1999; 180: 1969–1978.
  • Walker DJ, Wakefield AE, Dohn MN, et al. Sequence poly-morphisms in the Pneumocystis carinii cytochrome b gene and their association with atovaquone prophylaxis failure. J Infect Dis 1998; 178: 1767–1775.
  • Peters S, Wakefield AE, Sinclair K, Millard PR, Hopkin JM. A search for Pneumocystis carinii in post-mortem lungs by DNA amplification. J Pathol 1992; 1666: 195–198.
  • Nevez G, Jounieaux V, Linas MD, et al. High frequency of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. carinii colonization in HIV-negative patients. J Eulcaryot Microbiol 1997; 44 (Suppl.): 36.
  • Nevez G, Raccurt C, Jounieaux V, Dei-Cas E, Mazars E. Pneumocystosis versus pulmonary Pneumocystis carinii colo-nization in HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients. AIDS 1999; 13: 535–536.
  • Nevez G, Raccurt C, Vmcent P, Jounieaux V, Dei-Cas E. Pulmonary colonization with Pneumocystis carinii in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-negative patients: assessing risk with blood CD4 + T cell counts. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29: 1331–1332.
  • Calderon El, Regordan C, Medrano FJ, 011ero M, Varela JM. Pneumocystis carinii infection in patients with chronic bronchial disease. Lancet 1996; 347: 977.
  • Sing A, Roggenkamp A, Autenrieth IB, Heesemann J. Pneu-mocystis carinii carriage in immunocompetent patients with primary pulmonary disorders as detected by single or nested PCR. J Gun Microbiol 1999; 37: 3409–3410.
  • Contini C, Romani R, Cultrera R, Angelici E, Villa MP, Ronchetti R. Carriage of Pneumocystis carinii in children with chronic lung diseases. J Eulcaryot Microbiol 1997; 44 (Suppl.): 15.
  • Sepkowitz K, Schluger N, Goldwin T, Armstrong D, Cerami A, Bucala R. DNA amplification in experimental pneumocys-tosis: characterization of serum Pneumocystis carinii DNA and potential Pneumocystis carinii carrier states. J Infect Dis 1993; 168: 421–426.
  • Chen W, Gigliotti F, Harmsen AG. Latency is not an in-evitable outcome of infection with Pneumocystis carinii. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 5406–5409.
  • Vargas SL, Hughes WT, Wakefield AE, Oz HS. Limited persistence in and subsequent elimination of Pneumocystis carinii from the lungs after P. carinii pneumonia. J Infect Dis 1995; 172: 506–510.
  • Dumoulin A, Mazars E, Seguy N, et al. Immunocompetent contacts of Pneumocystis carinii-infected-hosts can potentially transmit the disease to susceptible hosts. Eur J Gun Microbiol Infect Dis 2000 (in press).
  • Blasi F, Cosentini R. Noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of pneumonia. In: Torres A, Woodhead M, eds. Pneumonia Sheffield: European Respiratory Society Journals Ltd, 1997: 157–174.
  • Nevez G, Pruna A, Jounieaux V, Makdassi R, Totet A, Raccurt C. A search of Pneumocystis carinii DNA by the polymerase chain reaction on bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from patients with Wegener granulomatosis. Rheumatology 1999; 38: 1025–1027.
  • Hamilton Al. Serodiagnosis of histoplasmosis, paracoccid-ioidomycosis and penicilliosis mameffei; current status and trends. Med Mycol 1998; 36: 351–364.
  • Wheat LJ, Kohler R, Tewari R. Diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis by detection of Histoplasma capsulatum antigen in serum and urine specimens. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 83–88.
  • Fojtasek MF, Kleiman MB, Connolly-Stringfield P, Blair R, Wheat J. The Histoplasma capsulatum antigen assay in dissem-inated histoplasmosis in children. J Gun Microbiol 1994; 30: 381–385.
  • Williams B, Fojtasek M, Connolly-Stringfold P, Wheat J. Diagnosis of histoplasmosis by antigen detection during an outbreak in Indianapolis. Ind Arch Pathol Lab Med 1994; 118: 1205–1208.
  • Wheat U. Histoplasmosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Curr Top Med Mycol 1996; 7: 7–18.
  • Wheat LJ, Connolly-Stringfold PA, Baker RL. Disseminated histoplasmosis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment, and review of the literature. Medicine 1990; 69: 361–374.
  • Wheat LJ, Kohler R, Tewari R, Garten M, French MLV. Significance of Histoplasma antigen in the cerebroespinal fluid of patients with meningitis. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 302–304.
  • Wheat LJ, Connolly-Stringfield P, Williams B, et al. Diagnosis of histoplasmosis in patients with the acquired immunodefi-ciency syndrome by detection of Histoplasma capsulatum polysaccharide antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145: 1421–1424.
  • Wheat LJ, Connolly-Stringfield P, Blair R, et al. Effect of successful treatment with amphotericin B on Histoplasma cap-sulatum variety capsulatum polysaccharide antigen levels in patients with AIDS and histoplasmosis. Am J Med 1992; 92: 153–160.
  • Fojtasek MF, Kamel S, Connoly-Stringfield P, Wheat J. Mon-oclonal antibodies for the detection of Histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum antigens in patients with histoplasmosis. Serodiag Immunother Infect Dis 1993; 5: 181–185.
  • Zimmerman SE, Connolly-Stringfield P, Wheat LJ, et al. Comparison of sandwich solid-phase radioimmunoassay and two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of Histoplasma capsulatum polysaccharide antigen. J Infect Dis 1989; 160: 678–685.
  • Durkin MM, Connolly PA, Wheat U. Comparison of ra-dioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunoassay methos for the detection of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum anti-gen. J Gun Microbiol 1997; 35: 2252–2255.
  • Wheat LJ, Wheat H, Conolly-Stringfield P, et al. Cross-reac-tivity in the Histoplasma capsulatum variety capsulatum anti-gen assays of urine samples from patients with endemic mycosis. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 24: 1169–1171.
  • Gómez BL, Figueroa JI, Hamilton AJ, et al. Development of a novel antigen detection test for histoplasmosis. J Clin Micro-biol 1997; 35: 2618–2622.
  • Gómez BL, Figueroa JI, Hamilton AJ, et al. The Detection of the 70-kDa Histoplasma capsulatum antigen in serum of histo-plasmosis patients: correlation between antigenaemia and ther-apy during the course of follow up. J Gun Microbiol 1999; 37: 675–680.
  • Franco M, Lacaz CS, Restrepo-Moreno A, Del Negro G. Paracoccidioidomycosis. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1994.
  • Mendes-Giannini MJS, Del Negro GB, Siqueira AM. Serodi-agnosis. In: Franco M, Lacaz CS, Restrepo-Moreno A, Del Negro G, eds. Paracoccidioidomycosis. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1994: 345–357.
  • Restrepo A. Report of activities of the committee on paracoc-cidioidomycosis serodiagnosis. ISHAM Mycoses Newsletter 1992; 59: 4.
  • Bueno JP, Mendes-Giannini MJS, Del Negro GMB, et al. IgG, IgM and IgA antibody response for the diagnosis and follow up of paracoccidioidomycosis: comparison of counter-immunoelectrophoresis and complement fixation. J Med Vet Mycol 1997; 35: 213–217.
  • Cisalpino PS, Puccia R, Yamauchi LM, et al. Cloning, charac-terization and epitope expression of the major diagnostic antigen of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 4553–4560.
  • Ortiz BL, Diez S, Urán ME, et al. Use of the 27-kilodalton recombinant protein from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in sero-diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis. Gun Diagn Lab Immunol 1998; 5: 826–830.
  • Camargo ZP, Unterkircher C, Travassos LR. Identification of antigenic polypeptides of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by im-munoblotting. J Med Vet Mycol 1989; 27: 407–412.
  • Mendes-Giannini MJS, Bueno JP, Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Fer-reira AW, Masuda A. Antibody response to the 43 kDa glycoprotein of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis as a marker of evaluation of patients under treatment. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1990; 43: 200–206.
  • Rodrigues MC, Cassaguerra CM, Lacaz CS. Antigenemia in paracoccidioidomycosis. Probable demonstration of circulat-ing antigen by counterimmunoelectrophoresis test. Rev Inst Med Trop Siio Paulo 1984; 26: 285–287.
  • Garcia NM, Del Negro GB, Martins HP, Lacaz CS. Detection of paracoccidioidomycosis circulating antigens by immu-noelectrophoresis — immunodiffusion technique. Preliminary report. Rev Inst Med Trop Siio Paulo 1987; 29: 327–328.
  • Freitas-Da-Silva G, Roque-Barreira MC. Antigenemia in paracoccidioidomycosis. J Gun Microbiol 1992; 30: 381–385.
  • Salina MA. Deteccao e caracterização de antigenos e verifi-cacao da atividadeproteolitica em extratos de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis e em materiais biológicos. Masters thesis, São Paulo, Brazil: UNESP, 1996.
  • Gómez BL, Figueroa JI, Hamilton AJ, et al. Use of mono-clonal antibodies in diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis: new strategies for detection of circulating antigens. J Clin Micro-biol 1997; 35: 3278–3283.
  • Gómez BL, Figueroa JI, Hamilton AJ, et al. Antigenemia in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis: detection of the 87-kilo-dalton determinant during and after antifungal therapy. J Gun Microbiol 1998; 36: 3309–3316.
  • Mendes-Giannini MJS, Bueno JP, Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Fer-reira AW, Masuda A. Detection of the 43.000 molecular weight glycoprotein in sera of patients with paracoccid-ioidomycosis. J Gun Microbiol 1989; 27: 2842–2845.
  • Salina MA, Barraviera B, Mendes RP, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Study of antigenemia and antigenuria in paracoccidioidomy-cosis in relation to specific antibodies. Encuentro Internacional sobre Paracoccidioidomycosis, VI, March 21–24, 1996, Mon-tevideo, Uruguay, 1996: 103.
  • Salina MA, Shikanai-Yasuda MA, Mendes RP, Barraviera B, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Detection of circulating Paracoccid-ioides brasiliensis antigen in urine of paracoccidioidomycosis patients before and during treatment. J Gun Microbiol 1998; 36: 1723–1728.
  • Mendes RP, Negroni R, Arechavala A. Treatment and control of cure. In: Franco M, Lacaz CS, Restrepo-Moreno A, Del Negro G, eds. Paracoccidioidomycosis. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 1994: 373–387.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.