76
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Epidemiology: surveillance of fungal infections

, , , , &
Pages 173-182 | Published online: 01 Apr 2010

References

  • Pinner RW, Teutsch SM, Simonsen L, etal. Trends in infectious diseases mortality in theUnites States.JAMA 1996; 275:189–193.
  • Simonsen L, Conn LA, Pinner RW, TeutschS. Trends in infectiousdisease hospitalizations in the United States, 1923-1928. Arch Intern Med 1980; 158: 1923-1928.
  • Jones JM. Laboratory diagnosis of invasive candidiasis. Gun Microbiol Rev 1990; 3: 32–45.
  • Ascioglu S, De Pauw B, Bennett JE, etal. Analysis of definitions used in clinical research on invasive fungal infections: consensus proposal for new, standardized definitions. Abstracts of the 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemother-apy, San Francisco, CA, September 26–29,1999. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1999; Abstract 1639.
  • Reingold AL, Lu XD, Plikaytis B, Ajello L. Systemic mycoses in the US, 1980-1982. J Med Vet Mycol 1986; 24: 433–436.
  • Beck-Sague C, Jarvis WR. Secular trends in the epidemiology of nosocomial fungal infections in the United States, 1980-1990. J Infect Dis 1993; 167: 1247–1251.
  • Kao AS, Brandt ME, Pruitt WR, et al. The epidemiology of candidemia in 2 U.S. cities: results of a population-based active surveillance. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29: 1164–1170.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Case definitions for infectious conditions under public health surveillance. MMWR 1997; 46: RR–10.
  • Rees JR, Pinner RW, Hajjeh RA, Brandt ME, Reingold AL. The epidemiologic features of invasive mycotic infections in the San Francisco Bay Area 1992-1993: results of population-based laboratory activesurveillance. ClinInfect Dis1998; 27:1138–1147.
  • Hajjeh RA, Conn LA, Stephens DS, et al. Cryptococcosis in the United States: population-basedmultistateactivesurveillanceand risk factors in HIV-infected persons. J Infect Dis 1999; 179: 449–454.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1999 USPHS/ID SA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with HIV. MMWR 1999; 4& RR–10.
  • Ampel NA, Mosley DG, England BE, Vertz DP, Komatsu K, Hajjeh RA. Coccidioidomycosis in Arizona: increase in incidence from 1990-95. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 27: 1528–1530.
  • Rosenstein NE, Emery KW, Werner SB, et al. Risk factors for severe pulmonary and disseminated coccidioidomycosis, Kern County, CA 1996. Clin Infect Dis (submitted).
  • Leake JAD, Mosley DG, England B, et al. Risk factors for acute symptomatic coccidioidomycosis among elderly persons in Ari-zona, 1996-1997. J Infect Dis 2000; 181: 1435–1440.
  • Woods CW, McRill C, Plikaytis BD, et al. Coccidioidomycosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in Arizona, 1994-1997: incidence, risk factors, and prevention. J Infect Dis 2000; 181: 1428–1434.
  • Brandt ME, Hutwagner LC, Kuykendall RJ, Pinner RW. Com-parison of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and random am-plified polymorphic DNA analysis for molecular subtyping of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Clin Microbio11995; 33: 1890–1895.
  • Brandt ME, Pfaller MA, Hajjeh RA, et al. Molecular subtypes and antifungal susceptibilities of serial Cryptococcus neoformans isolates in human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococ-cosis. J Infect Dis 1996; 174: 812–820.
  • Lott TJ, Holloway BP, Logan DA, Fundyg a R, Arnold J. Towards understanding the evolution of the human commensal yeast Candida albicans. Microbiol 1999; 145: 1137–1143.
  • Louie L, Ng S, Hajjeh RA, et al. Influence of host genetics in the severity of coccidioidomycosis. Emerg Infect Dis 1999; 5: 672–680.
  • Schneider E, Hajjeh RA, Spiegel RA, etal. A coccidioidomycosis outbreak following the Northridge, California, earthquake. JAMA 1997; 277: 904–908.
  • Laurel VL, Meier PA, Astorga A, Dolan D, Brockett R, Rinaldi MG. Pseudoepidemic of Aspergillus niger infections traced to specimen contamination in the microbiology laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 1612–1616.
  • Klein BS, Verg eront JM, Weeks RJ, etal. Isolation of Blastomycesdermatitidis in soil associated with a large outbreak of blastomy-cosis in Wisconsin. New Engl J Med 1986; 314: 529–534.
  • Sarosi GA, Parker JD, Tosh FE. Histoplasmosis outbreaks: their patterns. In: Ajello L, Chick EW, Furcolow ML, eds. Histoplas-mosis. Proceedings of the Second National Conference. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 1971: 123–128.
  • Ashford DA, Hajjeh RA, Kelley MF, Kaufman L, Hutwagner L, McNeil MM. Outbreak of histoplasmosis among cavers attending the National Speleological Society annual convention, Texas, 1994. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1999; 60: 899–903.
  • Werner SB, Pappagianis D. Coccidioidomycosis in northern California: an outbreak among archeology students near Red Bluff. Calif Med 1973; 119: 10–20.
  • Cairns L, Blythe D, Kao A, etal. Outbreak of coccidioidomycosis in Washington State residents returning from Mexico. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30: 61–64.
  • Coles FB, Schuchat A, Hibbs JR, et al. A multistate outbreak of sporotrichosis a ssociated with sphagnummoss. AmJ Epidemiol 1992; 136: 475–487.
  • Hajj eh RA, McDonnell S, Reef S, etal. Outbreak of sporotrichosis among tree nursery workers. J Infect Dis 1997; 176: 499–504.
  • Burnie JP, Odds FC, Lee W, Webster C, Williams JD. Outbreak of systemic Candida albicans in an intensive care unit caused by cross infection. BMJ 1985; 290: 746–748.
  • Finkelstein R, Reinhartz G, HashmanN, Merzbach D. Outbreak of Candida tropicalis fungemia in a neonatal intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1993; 14: 587–590.
  • Allo M, Miller J, Townsend T, Tan C. Primary cutaneous aspergillosis associated with Hickman intravenous catheters. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 1105–1113.
  • Bryce EA, Walker M, Scharf S, et al. An outbreak of cutaneous aspergillosis in a tertiary-care hospital. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996; 17: 70–72.0 2000 1SHAM, Medical Mycology, 38, Suppl. 1, 173-182
  • James MJ, Lasker BA, McNeil MM, et al. Use of a repetitive DNA probe to type clinical and environmental isolates of Aspergillus flavus from a cluster of cutaneous infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38 (in press).
  • Barnes RA, Rogers TR. Control of an outbreak of nosocomial aspergillosis by laminar air-flow isolation. J Hosp Infect 1989; 14: 89–94.
  • Buffington J, Reporter R, Lasker BA, et al. Investigation of an epidemic of invasive aspergillosis: utility of molecular typing with the use of random amplified polymorphic DNA probes. Pediatr Infect Dis 1994; 13: 386–393.
  • Lentino JR, Rosenkranz MA, Michaels JA, Kurup VP, RoseHD, Rytel MW. Nosocomial aspergillosis. A retrospective review of airborne disease secondary to road construction and contaminated air conditioners. Am J Epidemiol 1982; 116: 430–437.
  • Ruutu P, Valtonen V, Tiitanen L, et al. An outbreak of invasive aspergillosis in a haematologic unit. ScandJ Infect Dis 1987; 19: 347–351.
  • Patterson JE, Zidouh A, Miniter P, Andriole VT, Patterson TF. Hospital epidemiologic surveillance for invasive aspergillosis: patient demographics and the utility of antigen detection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997; 18: 104–108.
  • Lenhart SW, Schafer MP, Singal M, Hajjeh RA. Histoplasmosis: protecting workers at risk. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 97-146. Cincinnati, OH: N ational Institutefor Occupationalsafety and Health, 1997.
  • Mitchell TG, Perfect JP. Cryptococcosis in the era of AIDS - 100 years after the discovery of Cryptococcus neoformans. Gun Microbiol Rev 1995; 8: 515–548.
  • Casadevall A, Perfect JR. Cryptococcus neoformans. Washington DC: ASM Press, 1998.
  • Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE. Cryptococcosis. In: Kwon-Chung KJ, Bennett JE, eds. Medical Mycology. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1992: 397–446.
  • Zuger A, Louie E, Holzman RS, Simberkoff MS, Rahal JJ. Cryptococcal disease in patients with the acquired immunodefi-ciency syndrom: diagnostic features and outcome of treatment. Ann Intern Med 1986; 104: 234–240.
  • Franzot SP, Salkin IF, Casadevall A. Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii: separate varietal status for Cryptococcus neoformans serotype A isolates. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 838–840.
  • Cogliati M, Allaria M, Tortorano AM, Liberi G, Viviani MA. Occurrence of diploidy correlated to PCR-fingerprinting patterns of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans. 4th International Conference on Cryptococcus and Crypt ococcosis, London, Septem-ber 12–16,1999. Abstract PA21.
  • Garcia-Hermoso D, Mathoulin-Pelissier S, CouprieB, Ronin 0, Dupont B, Dromer F. DNA typing suggest pigeon droppings as a source of pathogenic Cryptococcus neoformans serotype D. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35: 2683–2685.
  • Ellis DH, Peiffer TJ. Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28: 1642–1644.
  • Sorrell TC, Chen SCA, Ruma P, et al. Concordance of Clinical and environmentalisolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii by random amplification of polymorphic DNA analysis and PCR fingerprinting. J Clin Micro 1996; 34: 1253–1260.
  • Lazera MS, Pires FDA, Camillo-Coura L, et al. Natural habitat of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans in decaying wood forming hollows in living trees. J Med Vet Mycol 1996; 34: 127–133.
  • Speed B, Dunt D. Clinical and host differences between infections with the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 28–34.
  • Varma A, Swinne D, Staib F, Bennett JE, Kwon-Chung KJ. Diversity of DNA fingerprints in Cryptococcus neoformans. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 1807–1814.
  • Currie BP, Freundlich LF, Casadevall A. Restriction fragment lengthpolymorphismanalysis of Cryptococcusneoformansisolates from environmental (pigeon excreta) and clinical sources in New York City. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32: 1188–1192.
  • Vilgalis R, Hesters M. Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Crypto-coccus species. J Bacteriol 1990; 172: 4238–4246.
  • Perfect JR, Ketabchi N, Cox GM, Ingram CI, Beiser C. Kary-°typing of Cryptococcus neoformans as an epidemiological tool. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31: 3305–3309.
  • Meyer W, Mitchell TG, Freedman EZ, Vilgalys R. Hybridization probes for conventionalDNA fingerprinting can be used as single primers in the PCR to distinguish strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 30: 2274–2280.
  • Meyer W, Mitchell TG. PCR fingerprinting in fungi using single primers specific to minisatellites and simple repetitive DNA sequences: strain variation in Cryptococcus neoformans. Elec-trophoresis 1995; 16: 1648–1656.
  • Meyer W, Marszewska K, Amirmostofian M, et al. Molecular typing of global isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neofor-mans by polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting and random amplified polymorphic DNA - a pilot study to standardize techniques on which to base a detailed epidemiological survey. Electrophoresis 1999; 20: 1790–1799.
  • Chen SCA, Currie J, Campbell HM, et al. Cryptococcus neofor-mans var. gattii infections in northern Australia: existence of an environmentalsource other than known host eucalypts. Trans Act Royal Soc Trop Med Hyg 1997; 91: 547–550.
  • Franzot SP, Hamdan JS, Currie BP, Casadevall A. Molecular epidemiologyof Cryptococcus neoformans in Brazil and theUnited States: evidence for both local genetic differences and a global clonal populationstructure.J ClinMicrobio11997 ; 35:2243–2251.
  • Boekhout T, Belkum A, Leenders ACAP, etal. Molecular typing of Cryptococcusneoformans: taxonomy and epidemiology aspects. Int J Syst Bacteriol 1997; 47: 432–442.
  • Carlotti A, Srikantha T, Schroppel K, Kvaal C, Villard J, Soli DR. A novel repeat sequence (CKRS-1) containing a tandemly repeated sub-element (kre) accounts for differences between Candia krusei strains fingerprinted with the probe CkF1,2. Curr Genet 1997; 31: 255–263.
  • De Bievre C, Dauguet C, Nguyen VHO, Ibrahim-Granet 0. Polymorphism in mitochondrial DNA of several Trichophyton rubrum isolates from clinical specimens. Ann Inst Pasteur Micro-biol 1987; 138: 719–727.
  • Gräser Y, Kiihnisch J, Presber W. Molecular markers reveal exclusively clonal reproduction in Trichophyton rubrum, J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 3713–3717.
  • Jackson CJ, Barton RC, Evans EGV. Species identification and strain differentiation of dermatophyte fungi by analysis of ribosomal-DNA intergenic spacer regions. J Clin M icrobio11999; 37: 931–936.
  • Liu D, Coloe S, PedersonJ, Baird R. Theused of arbitrarily primedpolymerasechain reaction to differentiate Trichophytondermato-phytes. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1996; 136: 147–150.
  • Nishio K, Kawasaki M, Ishizaki H. Phylogeny of the genera TrichophytonusingmitochondrialDNAanalysis.Mycopathologia 1992; 117: 127–132.
  • Thong Z, Li R, Li D, Wang D. Typing of common dermatophytes by random amplification of p olymorphic DNA. Jpn J Med Mycol 1997; 3& 239–246.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.