135
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
(RC) Practice of Medicine

Visceral obesity, androgens and the risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus

Pages 30-38 | Published online: 06 Jul 2009

References

  • Schwartz MW, Seeley RJ. Neuroendocrine responses to starvation and weight loss. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1802–11
  • Rosenbaum M, Leibl RL, Hirsch J. Obesity. N Engl J Med 1997;337:397–407
  • Roemmich JN. Alterations in body composition during adolescence. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabet 1998;5:11–18
  • Katznelson L, Rosenthal DI, Rosol MS, Anderson EJ, Hayden DL, Schoenfeld DA, et al. Using quantitative CT to assess adipose distribution in adult men with acquitted hypogonadism. Am J Roentgenol 1998;170:423–7
  • Vermeulen A, Goemaere S, Kaufman JM. Sex hormones, body composition and aging. Aging Male 1999;2:8–15
  • Couillard C, Gagnon J, Bergeron J, Leon AS, Rao DC, Skinner JS, et al. Contribution of body fatness and adipose tissue distribution to the age variation in plasma steroid hormone concentrations in men: the HERITAGE family study. J Clin Endcrinol Metab 2000;85:1026–31
  • Simon D, Charles MA, Nahoul K, Orssaud G,Kremski J, Hully V, et al. Association between plasma total testosterone and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy adult men: the Telecom Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:682–5
  • Pritchard J, Despres JP, Gagnon J, Tchernof A,Nadeau A, Tremblay A, et al. Plasma adrenal, gonadal and conjugated steroids before and after long-term overfeeding in identical twins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:3277–84
  • Vermeulen A, Kaufman JM, Giagulli VA.Influence of some biological indexes on sex hormone-binding-globulin and androgen levels in ageing or obese males. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:1821–6
  • Pritchard J, Despres JP, Gagnon J, Tchernof A,Nadeau A, Tremblay A, et al. Plasma adrenal, gonadal and conjugated steroids before and after long-term exercise induced negative energy balance in identical twins. Metabolism 1999; 48:1120–7
  • Leenen R, Vander Kooy K, Seidell JC,Deurenberg P, Koppescharr HPF. Visceral fat accumulation in relation to sex hormones in obese men and women undergoing weight loss therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;78:1515–20
  • Khaw KT, Barrett-Connor E. Lower endogenous androgens predict central adiposity in men. Ann Epidemiol 1992;2:675–82
  • Zmuda JM, Cauley JA, Kriska A, Glynn NW,Gutai JP, Kuller LH. Longitudinal relation between endogenous testosterone and cardio- vascular risk factors in middle-aged men: a 13-year follow-up of former Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial participants. Am J Epidemiol 1997;146:609–17
  • Tsai EC, Boyko EJ, Leonetti DL, Fujimoto WY.Low serum testosterone level as a predictor of increased visceral fat in Japanese-American men. Int J Obes 2000;24:485–91
  • Björntorp P. Visceral obesity: a civilization syndrome. Obes Res 1993;1:206–22
  • Tchernof A, Poehlman ET. Effects of the menopause transition on body fatness and body fat distribution. Obes Res 1998;6:246–54
  • Kannel WB, Cupples LA, Ramaswami R, Stokes JIII, Kreger BE, Higgins M. Regional obesity and risk of coronary disease: the Framingham Study. J Clin Epidemiol 1991;44:183–90
  • Björntorp P. The android woman – a risky condition. J Intern Med 1996;239:105–10
  • Després JP, Marette A. Relation of components of insulin resistance syndrome to coronary disease risk. Curr Opin Lipidol 1994;5:274–89
  • Seidell JC, Björntorp P, Sjöström L, Kvist H, Sannerstedt R. Visceral fat accumulation in men is positively associated with insulin, glucose, and C-peptide levels, but negatively with testosterone levels. Metabolism 1990;39:897–901
  • Tchernof A, Labrie F, Belanger A, Prud’homme D,Bouchard C, Tremblay A, et al. Relationships between endogenous sex steroid hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and lipoprotein levels in men: contribution of visceral obesity, insulin levels and other metabolic variables. Atherosclerosis 1997;133:235–44
  • Kaufman JM, Vermeulen A. Declining gonadal function in elderly men. Bailliere’s Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;11:189–98
  • Stellato RK, Feldman HA, Hamdy O, Horton ES,McKinlay JB. Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and the development of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged men: prospective results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Diabet Care 2000;23:490–4
  • Vgontzas A, Papanicoaou DA, Bixler EO,Hopper K, Lotsikas A, Lin HM, et al. Sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness and fatigue: relation to visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and hyper- cytokinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:1151–8
  • Flier JS. What’s in a name? In search of leptins’s physiological role. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:1407–13
  • Mantzoros CS. The role of leptin in human obesity and disease: a review of current evidence. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:671–80
  • Isidori AM, Caprio M, Strollo F, Moretti C, FrajeseG, Isidori A, et al. Leptin and androgens in male obesity: evidence for leptin contribution to reduced androgen levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:3673–80
  • Van den Saffele JK, Goemaere S, De Bacquer D,Kaufman JM. Serum leptin levels in healthy ageing men: are decreased serum testosterone and increased adiposity the consequence of leptin deficiency? Clin Endocrinol 1999;51:81–8
  • Doucet E, St-Pierre S, Almeras N, Mauriege P,Despres JP, Richard D, et al. Fasting insulin levels influence plasma leptin levels independently from the contribution of adiposity: evidence from both a cross-sectional and an intervention study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4231–7
  • Mantzoros CS, Flier JS. Leptin as a therapeutic agent – trials and tribulations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4000–2
  • Rebuffe-Scrive CS, Mårin P, Björntorp P. Effect of testosterone on abdominal adipose tissue in men. Int J Obes Res 1991;15:791–5
  • Mårin P, Holmång S, Gustafsson C. Androgen treatment of abdominally obese men. Int J Obes Res 1993;1:245–51
  • Mårin P, Odén B, Björntorp P. Assimilation and mobilization of triglycerides in subcutaneous abdominal and femoral adipose tissue in vivo in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:239–43
  • Mårin P, Arver S. Androgens and abdominal obesity. Bailliere’s Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 12:441–51
  • Must A, Spadano J, Coakley EH, Field AE, Colditz G, Dietz WH. The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. J Am Med Assoc 1999; 282:1523–9

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.