THE HUMAN CIRCADIAN CLOCK AND AGING

REFERENCES

• Bittman E L, Bartness T J, Goldman B J, et al. Suprachiasmatic and paraventricular control of photoperiodismin Siberian hamsters. Am J Physiol. 1991; 260: R90–R101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boivin D B, Duffy J F, Kronauer R E, et al. Dose-response relationships for resetting of human circadianclock by light. Nature 1996; 379: 540–542
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braak H, Braak E. Anatomy of the human hypothalamus (chiasmatic and tuberal region). Prog Brain Res. 1992; 93: 3–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brainard G C, Lewy A J, Menaker M, et al. Dose-response relationship between light irradiance and thesuppression of plasma melatonin in human volunteers. Brain Res. 1988; 454: 212–218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brock M A. Chronobiology and aging. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991; 39: 74–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Card J P, Moore R Y. The organization of visual circuits influencing the circadian activity of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Suprachiasmatic nucleus: the mind's clock, D C Klein, R Y Moore, S M Reppert. Oxford University Press, New York 1991; 51–75
   Google Scholar
• Chevassus-au-Lois N, Cooper H M. Is there a geniculohypothalamic tract in primates? A comparativeimmunohistochemical study in the circadian system of strepsirhine and haplorhinespecies. Brain Res. 1998; 805: 2213–2219
   Google Scholar
• Cornélissen G, Haus E, Halberg F. Chronobiologic blood pressure assessment from womb to tomb. Biological rhythms in clinical and laboratory medicine, Y Touitou, E Haus. SpringerVerlag, Berlin 1992; 428–52
   Google Scholar
• Czeisler C A. The effect of light on the human circadian pacemaker. Ciba Found Symp. 1995; 183: 254–302
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Czeisler C A, Dumont M, Duffy J F, et al. Association of sleep-wake habits in older people with changesin output of circadian pacemaker. Lancet 1992; 340: 933–936
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czeisler C A, Shanadan T L, Klerman E B, et al. Suppression of melatonin secretion in some blind patients byexposure to bright light. N Engl J Med. 1995; 332: 6–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis F C, Gorski R A. Unilateral lesions of the suprachiasmatic nuclei: evidence forredundant control of circadian rhythms. J Comp Physiol A 1984; 154: 221–232
   Google Scholar
• Duncan M J, Cheng X, Heller K S. Photoperiodic exposure and time of day modulate the expressionof arginine vasopressin mRNA and vasoactive intestinal peptide mRNA in thesuprachiasmatic nuclei of Siberian hamsters. Mol Brain Res. 1995; 32: 181–186
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eastman C I, Mistlberger R E, Rechtschaffen A. Suprachiasmatic nuclei lesions eliminate circadian temperatureand sleep rhythms in the rat. Physiol Behav. 1984; 32: 357–368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillette M U. Intrinsic SCN rhythms. Suprachiasmatic nucleus: the mind's clock, D C Klein, R Y Moore, S M Reppert. Oxford University Press, New York 1991; 121–143
   Google Scholar
• Hofman M A. Lifespan changes in the human hypothalamus. Exp Gerontol. 1997; 32: 559–575
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofman M A, Purba J S, Swaab D F. Annual variations in the vasopressin neuron population of thehuman suprachiasmatic nucleus. Neuroscience 1993; 53: 1103–1112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofman M A, Swaab D F. Diurnal and seasonal rhythms of neuronal activity in the suprachiasmaticnucleus of humans. J Biol Rhythms 1993; 8: 283–295
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofman M A, Swaab D F. Alterations in circadian rhythmicity of the vasopressin-producingneurons of the human suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) with aging. Brain Res. 1994; 651: 134–142
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofman M A, Swaab D F. Influence of aging on the seasonal rhythm of the vasopressin-expressingneurons in the human suprachiasmatic nucleus. Neurobiol Aging 1995; 16: 965–971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofman M A, Zhou J N, Swaab D F. No evidence for a diurnal vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP) rhythm in the human suprachiasmatic nucleus. Brain Res. 1996a; 722: 78–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofman M A, Zhou J N, Swaab D F. Suprachiasmatic nucleus of the human brain: an immunocytochemicaland morphometric analysis. Anat Rec. 1996b; 244: 552–562
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Inouye S-IT, Shibata S. Neurochemical organization of circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmaticnucleus. Neurosci Res. 1994; 20: 109–130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suprachiasmatic nucleus: the mind'sclock, D C Klein, R Y Moore, S M Reppert. OxfordUniversity Press, New York 1991
   Google Scholar
• Laakso M-L, Hätönen T, Sternberg D, et al. One-hour exposure to moderate illuminance (500 lux) shifts thehuman melatonin rhythm. J Pineal Res. 1993; 15: 21–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laemle L K, Ottenweller J E, Fugaro C. Diurnal variations in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-likeimmunoreactivity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of congenitally anophthalmicmice. Brain Res. 1995; 688: 203–208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mai J K, Kedziora O, Teckhaus L, et al. Evidence for subdivisions in the human suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Comp Neurol. 1991; 305: 508–525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meijer J H, Watanabe K, Détàri L, et al. Light entrainment of the mammalian biological clock. Prog Brain Res. 1996; 111: 175–190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikkelsen J D, Vrang N, Larsen P J. Neuropeptides in the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus. Adv Pineal Res. 1994; 8: 57–67
   Google Scholar
• Miller J D. On the nature of the circadian clock in mammals. Am J Physiol. 1993; 264: R821–R832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirmiran M, Swaab D F, Kok J H, et al. Circadian rhythms and the suprachiasmatic nucleus in perinataldevelopment, aging and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Brain Res. 1992; 93: 151–163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monk T H. Circadian rhythms. Clin Geriatr Med. 1989; 5: 331–346
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moore R Y. The organization of the human circadian timing system. Prog Brain Res. 1992; 93: 101–117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore-Ede M C, Sulzman F M, Fuller C A. The clocksthat time us. HarvardPress, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1982
   Google Scholar
• Morin A, Denoroy L, Jouvet M. Daily variations in concentration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptideimmunoreactivity in hypothalamic nuclei of rats rendered diurnal by restrictedfeeding. Neurosci Lett. 1991; 152: 121–124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morin L P. Age-related changes in hamster circadian period, entrainment,and rhythm splitting. J Biol Rhythms 1988; 3: 237–248
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morin L P. The circadian visual system. Brain Res Rev. 1994; 67: 102–127
   Google Scholar
• Mrosovsky N. Rheostasis:the physiology of change. Oxford University Press, NewYork 1990
   Google Scholar
• Myers B L, Badia P. Changes in circadian rhythms and sleep quality with aging: mechanismsand interventions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1995; 19: 553–571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okamura H, Kawakami F, Tamada Y, et al. Circadian change of VIP mRNA in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleusfollowing p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)treatment in constant darkness. Mol Brain Res. 1995; 29: 358–364
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pickard G E, Turek F W. Effects of partial destruction of the suprachiasmatic nucleion the circadian parameters: wheel running activity and short-day inducedtesticular regression. J Comp Physiol A 1985; 156: 803–815
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiter R J, Johnson L Y, Steger R W, et al. Pineal biosynthetic activity and neuroendocrine physiology inthe aging hamster and gerbil. Peptides 1980; 1(Suppl. 1)69–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renfrew J W, Pettigrew K D, Rapoport S I. Motor activity and sleep duration as a function of age in healthymen. Physiol Behav. 1987; 41: 627–634
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuss S. Neuropeptides in the hypothalamus suprachiasmatic nuclei: seasonal changes in a mammalian oscillator. Chronobiology and chronomedicine, C Gutenbrunner, G Hildebrandt, R Moog. Lang, Frankfurt/Main 1993; 121–126
   Google Scholar
• Reuss S. Components and connections of the circadian timing system inmammals. Cell Tissue Res. 1996; 285: 353–378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson G S. Circadian rhythms and aging. Handbook of the biology of aging, C E Finch, E L Schneider. Van Nostrand Reinhold, NewYork 1990; 275–305
   Google Scholar
• Rusak B. The mammalian circadian system: models and physiology. J Biol Rhythms 1989; 4: 121–134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sack R L, Lewy A J, Blood M L, et al. Circadian rhythm abnormalities in totally blind people: incidenceand clinical significance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992; 75: 127–134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sack R L, Lewy A J, Erb D L, et al. Human melatonin production decreases with age. J Pineal Res. 1986; 3: 378–388
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadun A A, Schaechter J D, Smith L EH. A retinohypothalamic pathway in man: light mediation of circadianrhythms. Brain Res. 1984; 302: 371–377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satinoff E, Li H, Tcheng T K, et al. Do the suprachiasmatic nuclei oscillate in old rats as theydo in young ones. Am J Physiol. 1993; 265: R1216–R1222
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schmid H A. Decreased melatonin biosynthesis, calcium flux, pineal glandcalcification and aging: a hypothetical framework. Gerontology 1993; 39: 189–199
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinohara K, Honma S, Katsuno Y, et al. Circadian rhythms in the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptideand arginine-vasopressin in organotypic slice cultures of rat suprachiasmaticnucleus. Neurosci Lett. 1994; 170: 183–186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skene D J, Vivien-Roels B, Sparks D L, et al. Daily variation in the concentrations of melatonin and 5-methoxytryptopholin the human pineal gland: effect of age and Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 1990; 528: 170–174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Södersten P, De Vries G J, Buijs R M, et al. A daily rhythm in behavioral vasopressin sensitivity and brainvasopressin concentrations. Neurosci Lett. 1985; 58: 37–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stopa E G, Volicer L, Kuo-Leblanc V, et al. Pathologic evaluation of the human suprachiasmatic nucleus insevere dementia. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1999; 58: 29–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumóva A, Trávníčková Z, Peters R, et al. The rat suprachiasmatic nucleus is a clock for all seasons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 7754–7758
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutin E L, Dement W C, Heller H C, et al. Light-induced gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleusof young and aging rats. Neurobiol Aging 1993; 14: 441–446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swaab D F, Fliers E, Partiman T S. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the human brain in relation tosex, age and senile dementia. Brain Res. 1985; 342: 37–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swaab D F, Van Someren E JW, Zhou J N, et al. Biological rhythms in the human life cycle and their relationshipto functional changes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Prog Brain Res. 1996; 111: 349–368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tominaga K, Shinohara K, Otori Y, et al. Circadian rhythms of vasopressin content in the suprachiasmaticnucleus of the rat. NeuroReport 1992; 3: 809–812
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Touitou Y, Haus E. Biological rhythms and aging. Biological rhythms in clinical and laboratory medicine, Y Touitou, E Haus. Springer, Berlin 1992; 188–207
   Google Scholar
• Turek F W. Circadian rhythms. Recent Prog Horm Res. 1994; 49: 43–90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turek F W, Penev P, Zang Y, etal. Effects of age on the circadian system. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1995; 19: 53–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Gool W A, Mirmiran M. Aging and circadian rhythms. Prog Brain Res. 1986; 70: 255–277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Someren E JW, Hagebeuk E EO, Lijzenga C, et al. Circadian rest-activity rhythm disturbances in Alzheimer'sdisease. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 40: 259–270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitiello M V, Prinz P N. Sleep and sleep disorders in normal aging. Handbook of sleep disorders, neurological diseases and therapy, M J Thorpy. Marcel Dekker, New York 1990; 139–151
   Google Scholar
• Weitzman E D, Moline M L, Czeisler C A, et al. Chronobiology of aging: temperature, sleep-wake rhythms andentrainment. Neurobiol Aging 1982; 3: 299–309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wever R A. Einfluß exogener Zeitgeber auf die zirkadiane Rhythmik. Biologische Rhythmen, J Zulley, E Haen, R Lund, et al. S. RodererVerlag, Regensburg 1994; 105–20
   Google Scholar
• Winfree A T. The timing of biological clocks. Freeman, New York 1987
   Google Scholar
• Witting W, Kwa J H, Eikelenboom P, et al. Alterations in the circadian rest-activity rhythm in aging andAlzheimer's disease. Biol Psychiatry 1990; 27: 563–572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamase K, Takahashi S, Nomura K, et al. Circadian changes in arginine vasopressin level in the suprachiasmaticnuclei in the rat. Neurosci Lett. 1991; 130: 255–258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang J, Cagampang F RA, Nakayama Y, et al. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide precursor mRNA exhibits diurnalvariation in the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei. Mol Brain Res. 1993; 20: 259–62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhou J-N, Hofman M A, Swaab D F. VIP neurons in the human SCN in relation to sex, age, and Alzheimer'sdisease. Neurobiol Aging 1995; 16: 571–576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zucker I, Lee T M, Dark J. The suprachiasmatic nucleus and annual rhythms of mammals. Suprachiasmatic nucleus: the mind's clock, D C Klein, R Y Moore, S M Reppert. Oxford University Press, New York 1991; 246–259
   Google Scholar