References
- Millar‐Craig M W, Bishop C N, Raftery E B. Circadian variation of blood pressure. Lancet 1978; i: 795–797
- Jim W, Simon F, Hans V D, David M, Deborah O, Gerard K, Dietmar W, Alan N, Ian M, Natalia S, Phillip T. Temperature profiles, and the effect of sleep on them, in relation to morningness‐eveningness in healthy female subjects. Chronobiol Int 2001; 18(2)227–247, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Sandra L B, Margaret M H. Circadian rhythmicity of cortisol and body temperature: morningness‐eveningness effects. Chronobiol Int 2001; 18(2)249–261, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Tofler G H, Brezinski D, Schafer A L, Czeisler C A, Rutherford J D, Willich S N, Gleason R E, Williams G H, Muller J E. Concurrent morning increase in platelet aggregability and the risk of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 1514–1518, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Gordon R D, Wolfe L K, Island D P, Liddle G W. A diurnall rhythm in plasma rennin activity in man. J Clin Invest 1966; 45: 1587–1592, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Weitzman E D, Fukushima D, Nogeire C, Roffwarg H, Gallagher T F, Hellman L. Twenty‐four hour pattern of the episodic secretion of cortisol in normal subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1971; 33: 14–22, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Christoph D, Ulrike B, Inge D, Horst L F, Jan B. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations of healthy humans associated with nighttime sleep and morning arousal. Hypertension 1997; 30(1, Pt 1)71–76, [CSA]
- Wolfgang K, Stefan O. Circadian variation of ischemic cardiac events. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993; 21(supple. 2)S45–S48
- Roberto M, Massimo G, Francesco P, Raffaella S, Carmelo F. Chrnobiological patterns of onset of acute cerebrovascular diseases. Thromb Res 1997; 88: 451–463, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Ilaria C, Enrico G, Elisa F, Olga lC, Ezio P, Roberto M. Patient demographic and clinical features and circadian variation in onset of ischemic stroke. Arch Neurol 2002; 59: 48–53, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
- Willich S N, Levy D, Rocco M B, Tofler G H, Stone P H, Muller J E. Circadian variation in the incidence of sudden cardiac death in the Framingham Heart Study population. Am J Cardiol 1987; 60: 801–806, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
- Cohen M C, Rohtla K M, Lavery C E, Muller J E, Mittleman M A. Meta‐analysis of the morning excess of acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Am J Cardiol 1997; 79: 1512–1515, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Elliott W J. Circadian variation in the timing of stroke onset. Stroke 1998; 29: 992–996, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Michael A W. The 24‐hour blood pressure pattern: does it have implications for morbidity and mortality?. Am J Cardiol 2002; 89(suppl.)27A–33A, [CSA]
- Peters R W, Muller J E, Goldstein S, Byington R, Friedman L M. Propranolol and the morning increase in the frequency of sudden cardiac death (BHAT). Am J Cardiol 1989; 63: 1518–1520, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
- Muller J E, Stone P H, Turi Z G, Rutherford J D, Czeisler C A, Parker C, Poole W K, Passamani E, Roberts R, Robertson T, Sobel B E, Willerson J T, Braunwald E. Circadian variation in the frequency of onset of acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 1315–1322, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Gosse P, Cipriano C, Bemurat L, Mas D, Lemetayer P, N'Tela G, Clementy J. Prognostic significance of blood pressure measured on rising. J Hum Hypertens 2001; 15(6)413–417, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Weigur Z. Can we use calcium antagonist better in antihypertensive therapy? Circadian consideration. Pharmacol Res 1996; 34(5/6)187–191
- Jan A S, Lutgarde T, Robert F, Eoin T O, Denis C, Peter W dL, Giuseppe M, Choudomir N, Paolo P, Gianfranco P, Jaakko T, John W. Predicting cardiovascular risk using conventional vs ambulatory blood pressure in older patients with systolic hypertension. JAMA 1999; 282(6)539–546, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
- Jean‐Michel M, Jean‐Philippe B, Jean‐Philippe S, Frederic T, Regis D G. Clinical value of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. J Hypertens 1999; 17(5)585–595, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
- Michael H S, Francesco P. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring application to clinical medicine and antihypertension medication trials. Ann NY Acad Sci 1996; 783: 278–294
- Redon J, Roca‐Cusachs A, Mora‐Macia J. Uncontrolled early morning blood pressure in medicated patients: the ACAMPA study. Blood Press Monit 2002; 7(2)111–116, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Baguet J P, Mallion J M. Self‐monitoring of blood pressure should be used in clinical trials. Blood Press Monit 2002; 7(1)55–59, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Vaur L, Dubroca I I, Dutrey‐Dupagne C, Gnes N, Chatellier G, Bouvier‐d'Yvoire M, Elkik F, Menard J. Superiority of home blood pressure measurements over office measurements for testing antihypertensive drugs. Blood Press Monit 1998; 3(2)107–114, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Roland A, Alberto Z. Guidelines for the use of self‐blood pressure monitoring: a summary report of the first international consensus conference. J Hypertens 2000; 18: 493–508
- Julio A P, Stephen E E, Arshed A Q. Circadian variation in vascular tone and its relation to α‐sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 986–990
- Vincent D, Debora D‐P L, John A, Mark S, John P. Labetalol blunts morning pressor surge in systolic hypertension. Hypertension 1988; 11(supple I)I‐191–I‐201
- Thomas G P, Marcia L, Patricia W. Nighttime dosing of doxazosin has peak effect on morning ambulatory blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 1994; 7(9 Pt 1)844–847, [CSA]
- Furberg C D, Psaty B M, Meyer J V. Nifedipine: dose‐related increase in mortality in patients with coronary heart disease. Circulation 1995; 92: 1326–1331, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Pahor M, Guralnik J M, Cortic M C, Foley D J, Carbonin P, Havlik R J. Long‐term survival and use of antihypertensive medications in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995; 43: 1191–1197, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- Jan A S, Lutgarde T, Robert H F, Willem H B, Guramy A, Speranta B, Blas G E, Christopher J B, Christopher D, Peter W L, Aris D E, Astrid E F, Roberto F, Matti J, Kalina K J, Choudomir N, James C P, Marie‐Laure S, Jaakko T, John W, Yair Y. Calcium channel blockade and cardiovascular prognosis in the European trial on isolated systolic hypertension. Hypertension 1998; 32: 410–416, [CSA]
- Kuwajima I, Abe K. Effects of the long‐acting calcium channel blocker barnidipine hydrochloricde on 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure. Blood Press Monit 2002; 7(1)63–65, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Kobayashi K, Okada Y, Uemura S, Iida T, Manako K. Effects on diurnall variations in blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy of two types of long‐acting nifedipine tablets in patients with essential hypertension. Jpn Pharmacol Ther 2001; 29(10)767–776, [CSA]
- Ishimitsu T, Minami J, Kawano Y, Numabe A, Takishita S, Matsuoka H. Amlodipine, a long‐acting calcium channel blocker, attenuates morning blood pressure rise in hypertensive patients. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1999; 26(7)500–504, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
- Applegate W B, Borhani N, DeQuattro V, Kaihlanen P M, Oishi S, Due D L, Sirgo M A. Comparison of labetalol versus enalapril as monotherapy in elderly patients with hypertension: results of 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Am J Med 1991; 90(2)198–205, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
- Mallion J, Siche J, Lacourciere Y. ABPM comparison of the antihypertensive profiles of the selective angiotensin II receptor antagonists telmisartan and losartan in patients with mild‐to‐moderate hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1999; 13(10)657–664, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Minagawa T, Murata R, Ohkuma T, Takada N, Hirano T, Oda H, Ohhasi H, Watanabe S, Tanaka T, Mori N. Effect of β adrenergic blocker, betaxolol for circadian variation of essential hypertension—influence on early morning and ante meridiem blood pressure. Jpn J Med Pharm Sci 2000; 44(1)101–107, (in Japanese)[CSA]
- Joel M N, Michael A, Robert J A, Michael A W. Novel delivery system for verapamil designed to achieve maximal blood pressure control during the early morning. Am Heart J 1996; 132: 1202–1206, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- William B W, Devan V M, Henry R B, Daniel T F. Effect of controlled‐onset extended‐release verapamil on nocturnal blood pressure (dippers versus nondippers). Am J Cardiol 1997; 80: 469–474, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- William B W, Henry R B, Michael A W, William J E, Brian B, Daniel T F. Comparison of effects of controlled onset extended release verapamil at bedtime and nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system on arising on early morning blood pressure, heart rate, and the heart rate‐blood pressure product. Am J Cardiol 1998; 81: 424–431, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- George B, Dominic S, Venkata R, Timothy F, Paul T V, Robert J A. A comprative trial of controlled‐onset, extended‐release verapamil, enalapril, and losartan on blood pressure and heart rate changes. Am J Hypertens 2002; 15(1)53–57, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Nhi B TN, Robert B P, Mohammad N, Jay M S, Julie A J. Effects of COER‐verapamil on circadian pattern of forearm vascular resistance and blood pressure. J Clin Pharmacol 2000; 40: 1480–1487, [CSA]
- Bernard B. Chronopharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 1998; 35(2)83–94, [CSA]
- Fujimura A, Ohashi K, Sugimoto K, Kumagai Y, Ebihara A. Chronopharmcological study of nitrendipine in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 1989; 29: 909–915, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Langer B, Lemmer B. Circadian changes in the pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects of oral propranolol in healthy subjects. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 33: 619–624, [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF]
- Hla K K, Latham A N, Henry J A. Influence of time of administration on verapamil pharmacyokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992; 51: 366–370, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
- Kumagai Y, Fujimura A, Nakashima H, Shitoh T, Oribe H, Ebihara A. Chronopharmacological study of bunazosin hydrochloride in healthy subjects. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1989; IX: 335–345
- Kohno I, Iwasaki H, Okutani M, Mochizuki Y, Sano S, Satoh Y, Ishihara T, Ishii H, Mukaiyama S, Ijiri H, Komori S, Tamura K. Administration‐time‐dependent effects of diltiazem on the 24‐hour blood pressure profile of essential hypertension patients. Chronobiol Int 1997; 14(1)71–84, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
- White W B, Mansoor G A, Pickering T G, Vidt D G, Hutchinson H G, Johnson R B, Noveck R. Differential effects of morning and evening dosing of nisoldipine ER on circadian blood pressure and heart rate. Am J Hypertens 1999; 12(8 Pt 1)806–814, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CROSSREF], [CROSSREF], [CSA]
- Paolo P, Antonietta R, Gino R, Martina Z, Michelangelo P, Achelle C P. Effect of timing of administration on the plasma ACE inhibitory activity and the antihypertensive effect of quinapril. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1992; 52: 378–383
- Macchiarulo C, Pieri R, Mitolo D C, Pirrelli A. Management of antihypertensive treatment with Lisinopril: a chronotherapeutic approach. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 1999; 3(6)269–275, [PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]