Treatment of Methanol and Isopropanol Poisoning with Intravenous Fomepizole

REFERENCES

• Litovitz T. L., Klein-Schwartz W., Caravati E. M., Youniss J., Crouch B., Lee S. 1998 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison ControlCenters Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 1999; 17: 435–487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett I. L., Cary F. H., Mitchell G. L., Jr., Cooper M. N. Acute Methyl Alcohol Poisoning: A Review Based on Experiencesin an Outbreak of 323 Cases. Medicine 1953; 32: 431–463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kane R. L., Talbert W., Harlan J., Sizemore G., Cataland S. A Methanol Poisoning Outbreak in Kentucky. A Clinical EpidemiologicStudy. Arch. Environ. Health 1968; 17: 119–129
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naraqi S., Dethlefs R. F., Slobodniuk R. A., Sairere J. S. An Outbreak of Acute Methyl Alcohol Intoxication in New Guinea. Australia N. Z. J. Med. 1979; 9: 65–68
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Swartz R. D., Millman R. P., Billi J. E., Bondar N. P., Migdal S. D., Simonian S. K., Monforte J. R., McDonald F. D., Harness J. K., Cole K. L. Epidemic Methanol Poisoning; Clinical and Biochemical Analysisof a Recent Episode. Medicine 1981; 60: 373–382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen D., Jansen H., Wiik-Larsen E., Bredesen J E., Halvorsen S. Studies on Methanol Poisoning. Acta. Med. Scand. 1982; 212: 5–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin-Amat G., McMartin K. E., Hayreh S. S., Hayreh M. S., Tephly T. R. Methanol Poisoning: Ocular Toxicity Produced by Formate. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1978; 45: 201–208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sejersted O. M., Jacobsen D., Steinar O., Jansen H. Formate Concentrations in Plasma from Patients Poisoned withMethanol. Acta. Med. Scand. 1983; 213: 105–110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallgren H. Relative Intoxicating Effects on Rats of Ethyl, Propyl, andButyl Alcohols. Acta. Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh.) 1960; 16: 217–222
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wills J., Jameson E., Coalston F. Effects on Man of Daily Ingestion of Small Doses of IsopropylAlcohol. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1969; 15: 560–565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander C. B., McBay A. J., Hudson R. P. Isopropanol and Isopropanol Deaths—Ten Years' Experience. J. Forensic Sci. 1982; 27: 541–548
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniel D. R., McAnalley B. H., Garriott J. C. Isopropyl Alcohol Metabolism After Acute Intoxication in Humans. J. Anal. Toxicol. 1981; 5: 110–112
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blomstrand R., Östling-Wintzell H., Löf A., McMartin K., Tolf B-R., Hedström K G. Pyrazoles as Inhibitors of Alcohol Oxidation and as ImportantTools in Alcohol Research: An Approach to Therapy Against Methanol Poisoning. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1979; 76: 3499–3503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blomstrand R., Theorell H. Inhibitory Effect on Ethanol Oxidation in Man after Administrationof 4-Methylpyrazole. Life Sci. 1970; 9: 631–640
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMartin K. E., Makar A. B., Martin G., Palese M., Tephly T. R. Methanol Poisoning. I. The Role of Formic Acid in the Developmentof Metabolic Acidosis in the Monkey and the Reversal by 4-Methylpyrazole. Biochem. Med. 1975; 13: 319–333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen D., Sebastian C. S., Blomstrand R., McMartin K. E. 4-Methylpyrazole: A Controlled Study of Safety in Healthy HumanSubjects after Single, Ascending Doses. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1988; 12: 516–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMartin K. E., Dies D. F., Sebastian C. D., Barron S. K., Smith R. L., Spann E. G. Effects of Intravenous 4-Methylpyrazole in Healthy Human Subjects[Abstract]. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 1989; 31: 365
   Google Scholar
• Jacobsen D., Sebastian C. S., Barron S. K., Carriere E. W., McMartin K. E. Effects of 4-Methylpyrazole, Methanol/Ethylene Glycol Antidote,in Healthy Humans. J. Emerg. Med. 1990; 8: 455–461
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Borron S. W., Megarbane B., Baud F. J. Fomepizole in Treatment of Uncomplicated Ethylene Glycol Poisoning[Letter]. Lancet 1999; 354: 831
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baud F. J., Galliot M., Astier A., Bien D. V., Garnier R., Likforman J., Bismuth C. Treatment of Ethylene Glycol Poisoning with Intravenous 4- Methylpyrazole. N. Engl. J. Med. 1988; 319: 97–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baud F. J., Bismuth C., Garnier R., Galliot M., Astier A., Maistre G., Soffer M. 4-Methylpyrazole May be an Alternative to Ethanol Therapy forEthylene Glycol Intoxication in Man. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1986; 24: 463–483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brent J., McMartin K., Phillips S., Burkhart K. K., Donovan J. W., Wells M., Kulig K. Fomepizole for the Treatment of Ethylene Glycol Poisoning. Methylpyrazolefor Toxic Alcohols Study Group [See Comments]. N. Engl. J. Med. 1999; 340: 832–838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blomstrand R., Ingemansson S. O., Jensen M., Hedström C. G. Normal Electroretinogram and No Toxicity Signs After Chronicand Acute Administration of the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Inhibitor 4-Methylpyrazoleto the Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca Fascicularis)—A Possible New Treatmentof Methanol Poisoning. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1984; 13: 9–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blomstrand R., Ingemansson S. O. Studies on the Effect of 4-Methylpyrazole on Methanol PoisoningUsing the Monkey as an Animal Model: With Particular Reference to the OcularToxicity. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1984; 13: 343–355
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brent J., McMartin K., Phillips S., Aaron D., Wells M., Kulig K. META Study Group. 4-Methylphyrazole (Fomepizole) Therapy ofMethanol Poisoning: Preliminary Results of the META Trial [Abstract]. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1997; 35: 507
   Google Scholar
• Burns M. J., Graudins A., Aaron C. K., McMartin K., Brent J. Treatment of Methanol Poisoning with Intravenous 4-Methylpyrazole. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1997; 30: 829–832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hantson P., Wallemacq P., Brau M., Vanbinst R., Haufroid V., Mahieu P. Two Cases of Acute Methanol Poisoning Partially Treated by Oral4-Methylpyrazole. Intensive Care Med. 1999; 25: 528–531
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wax P., Cobaugh D., McMartin K., Brent J. META Study Group. Effect of Fomepizole (4MP) on Ethanol Eliminationin Ethylene Glycol (EG) and Methanol Poisoned Patients [Abstract]. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1998; 36: 512
   Google Scholar
• Sivilotti M., Burns M., McMartin K., Brent J. Reversible Blindness in Methanol Poisoning Treated with Fomepizole[Abstract]. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1998; 36: 514
   Google Scholar
• Sivilotti M., Burns M., McMartin K., Brent J. META Study Group. Pharmacokinetics of Ethylene Glycol and MethanolDuring Fomepizole Therapy: Results of the META Trial [Abstract]. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1998; 36: 451
   Google Scholar
• Fisher D. Pediatric Methanol Poisoning Treated with Fomepizole [Abstract]. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1998; 36: 512
   Google Scholar
• Baker R N., Alenty A L., Zack J. F., Jr. Simultaneous Determination of Lower Alcohols, Acetone, and Acetaldehydein Blood by Gas Chromatography. J. Chromat. Sci. 1969; 7: 312–314
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makar A. B., Tephly T. R. Improved Estimation of Formate in Body Fluids and Tissues. Clin. Chem. 1982; 28: 385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacouture P. G., Wason S., Abrams A., Lovejoy F. H., Jr. Acute Isopropyl Alcohol Intoxication: Diagnosis and Management. Am. J. Med. 1983; 75: 680–686
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMartin K. E., Hedström K. G., Tolf B. R., Östling-Wintzell H., Blomstrand R. Studies on the Metabolic Interactions Between 4-Methylpyrazoleand Methanol Using the Monkey as an Animal Model. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1980; 199: 606–614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leaf G., Zatman L. J. A Study of the Conditions under which Methanol may Exert a ToxicHazard in Industry. Br. J. Ind. Med. 1952; 9: 19–31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haffner H. T., Wehner H. D., Scheytt K. D., Besserer K. The Elimination Kinetics of Methanol and the Influence of Ethanol. Int. J. Legal Med. 1992; 105: 111–114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutkiewicz B., Konczalik J., Karwacki W. Skin Absorption and Per Os Administration of Methanol in Men. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 1980; 47: 81–88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sedivec V., Mraz M., Flek J. Biological Monitoring of Persons Exposed to Methanol Vapors. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 1981; 48: 257–271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osterloh J. D., D'Alessandro A., Chuwers P., Mogadeddi H., Kelly T. J. Serum Concentrations of Methanol After Inhalation at 200 ppm. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 1996; 38: 571–576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen D., Webb R., Collins T. D., McMartin K. E. Methanol and Formate Kinetics in Late Diagnosed Methanol Intoxication. Med. Toxicol. 1988; 3: 418–423
   Google Scholar
• Pappas A. A., Ackerman B. H., Olsen K. M., Taylor E. H. Isopropanol Ingestion: A Report of Six Episodes with Isopropanoland Acetone Serum Concentration Time Data. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 1991; 29: 11–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watkins W. D., Goodman J. L., Tephly T. R. Inhibition of Methanol and Ethanol Oxidation by Pyrazole inthe Rat and Monkey In Vivo. Mol. Pharmacol. 1970; 6: 567–572
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makar A. B., Tephly T. R. Inhibition of Monkey Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase by 4-Methylpyrazole. Biochem. Med. 1975; 13: 334–342
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osterloh J. D., Pond S. M., Grady S., Becker C. E. Serum Formate Concentrations in Methanol Intoxication as a Criterionfor Hemodialysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 1986; 104: 200–203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roe O. Methanol Poisoning, Its Clinical Course, Pathogenesis and Treatment. Acta. Med. Scand. 1946; 126: 1–253
   Google Scholar
• Gonda A., Gault H., Churchill D., Hollomby D. Hemodialysis for Methanol Intoxication. Am. J. Med. 1978; 64: 749–758
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekins B. R., Rollins D. E., Duffy D. P., Gregory M. C. Standardized Treatment of Severe Methanol Poisoning with Ethanoland Hemodialysis. West. J. Med. 1985; 142: 337–340
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCoy H. G., Cipolle R. J., Ehlers S. M., Sawchuk R. J., Zaske D. E. Severe Methanol Poisoning: Application of a PharmacokineticModel for Ethanol Therapy and Hemodialysis. Am. J. Med. 1979; 67: 804–807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keyvan-Larijarni H., Tannenberg A. E. Methanol Intoxication. Comparison of Peritoneal Dialysis andHemodialysis Treatment. Arch. Intern. Med. 1974; 134: 293–296
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palatnick W., Redman L. W., Sitar D. S., Tenenbein M. Methanol Half-Life During Ethanol Administration: Implicationsfor Management of Methanol Poisoning. Ann. Emerg. Med. 1995; 26: 202–207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts J. R., Hedges J. R. Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia 1985
   Google Scholar
• Kruse J. A. Methanol Poisoning. Intensive Care Med. 1992; 18: 391–397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taberner P. V., Unwin J. W. Nonspecific Prolongation of the Effects of General Depressantsby Pyrazole and 4-Methylpyrazole. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1987; 39: 658–659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baud F. J., Bien D. V., Likforman J., Houzé P., Lambert C., Bismuth C. 4-Methylpyrazole as an Antidote in EthyleneGlycol and Methanol Poisoning. Geneva 1993, World Health Organisation
   Google Scholar
• Chan K. M., Wong E. T., Matthews W. S. Severe Isopropanolemia Without Acetonemia or Clinical Manifestationsof Isopropanol Intoxication. Clin. Chem. 1993; 39: 1922–1925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen D., Steinar O., Arnesen E., Paus P. N. Pulmonary Excretion of Methanol in Man. Scand. J. Clin. Lab Invest. 1983; 43: 377–379
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teschke R., Hasumura Y., Lieber C. S. Hepatic Microsomal Alcohol-Oxidizing System. Affinity for Methanol,Ethanol, Propanol, and Butanol. J. Biol. Chem. 1975; 250: 7397–7404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feierman D. E., Cederbaum A. I. Inhibition of Microsomal Oxidation of Ethanol by Pyrazole and4-Methylpyrazole In vitro. Biochem. J. 1986; 239: 671–677
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feierman D. E., Cederbaum A. I. Increased Content of Cytochrome P-450 and 4-Methylpyrazole BindingSpectrum After 4-Methylpyrazole Treatment. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1985; 126: 1076–1081
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marc-Aurele J., Schreiner G. E. Dialysance of Ethanol and Methanol: A Proposed Method for theTreatment of Massive Intoxication by Ethyl or Methyl Alcohol. J. Clin. Invest. 1960; 39: 802–807
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfister A. K., McKenzie J. V., Dinsmore H. P., Edman C. D. Extracorporeal Dialysis for Methanol Intoxication. J.A.M.A. 1966; 197: 1041–1043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freireich A. W., Cinque T. J., Xanthaky G., Landay D. Hemodialysis for Isopropanol Poisoning. N. Engl. J. Med. 1967; 277: 699–700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen D., Ovrebo S., Sejersted O. M. Toxicokinetics of Formate During Hemodialysis. Acta. Med. Scand. 1983; 216: 409–416
   Google Scholar
• Pond S. M. Extracorporeal Techniques in the Treatment of Poisoned Patients. Med. J. Aust. 1991; 154: 617–622
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobsen D., McMartin K. E. Methanol and Ethylene Glycol Poisonings. Mechanism of Toxicity,Clinical Course, Diagnosis and Treatment. Med. Toxicol. 1986; 1: 309–334
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• King L. H., Jr., Bradley K. P., Shires D. L., Jr. Hemodialysis for Isopropyl Alcohol Poisoning [Letter]. J.A.M.A. 1970; 211: 1855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar