Performance of a Corticosteroid Inhaler with a Spacer Fashioned from a Plastic Cold-Drink Bottle: Effects of Changing Bottle Volume

References

• National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report 2. Pharma- cologic therapy: The medications. In: Guide-lines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma. NIH Publication # 97–4051. US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 1997, 59
   Google Scholar
• Amirav I, Newhouse MT. Metered dose inhaler accessory devices in acute asthma: efficacy and comparison with nebulisers: a literature review. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1997; 151: 876–882
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Epstein SW, Manning CP, Ashley MJ, Corey PN. Survey of the clinical use of pressurized aerosol inhalers. Can Med Assoc J 1979; 120: 813–816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coady TJ, Stewart CJ, Davies HJ. Synchronization of bronchodilator release. Practitioner 1976; 217: 273–275
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crompton GK. Problems patients have using pressurized aerosol inhalers. Eur J Respir Dis 1982; 63(suppl 119)101–104
   Google Scholar
• Appel D. Faulty use of canister nebulizers for asthma. J Fam Pract 1982; 14: 1135–1139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chryssidis E, Frewin D, Frith P. Compliance with aerosol therapy in chronic obstructive lung disease. NZ Med J 1981; 94: 375–377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson I, Crompton G. Use of pressurized aerosols by asthmatic patients. Br Med J 1976; 1: 76–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Self TH, Brooks JB, Lieberman P, Ryan MR. The value of demonstration and role of the pharmacist in teaching the correct use of pressurized bronchodilators. Can Med Assoc J 1983; 128: 129–131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salzman GA, Pyszczynski DR. Oropharyngeal candidasis in patients treated with beclomethasone dipropionate delivered by metered-dose inhaler alone and with AeroChamber. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988; 81: 424–428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konig P. Spacer devices used with metered-dose inhalers. Breakthrough or gimmick?. Chest 1985; 88: 276–284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahrens R, Lux C, Bahl T, Han SH. Choosing the metered-dose inhaler spacer or holding chamber that matches the patient's need: evidence that the specific drug being delivered is an important consideration. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995; 96(2)288–294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry PW, O'Callaghan C. The output of budesonide from spacer devices assessed under simulated breathing conditions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104: 1205–1210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry PW, O'Callaghan C. A comparative analysis of the particle size output of beclomethasone dipropionate, salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate metered dose inhalers used with the babyhaler, volumatic and aerochamber spacer devices. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 47: 357–360
   Google Scholar
• Dalby RN, Somaraju S, Chavan VS, Jarvis D. Evaluation of aerosol drug output from the OptiChamber and AeroChamber spacers in a model system. J Asthma 1998; 35: 173–177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sritara P, Janvitayanuchit S. Improvement of inhaler efficacy by home-made spacer. J Med Assoc Thai 1993 Dec; 76(12)693–697
   Google Scholar
• Zar HJ, Asmus MJ, Weinberg EG. A 500 mL plastic bottle—an effective inhalant spacer for children with asthma. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2002; 13, in-press
   Google Scholar
• Zar HJ, Brown G, Donson H, Brathwaite N, Mann MD, Weinberg EG. Home-made spacers for bronchodilator therapy in children with acute asthma: a randomized trial. Lancet 1999 Sep 18; 354(9183)979–982
   Google Scholar
• Singhal T, Garg H, Arora HS, Lodha R, Pandey RM, Kabra SK. Efficacy of a home-made spacer with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Indian J Pediatr 2001 Jan; 68(1)37–40
   Google Scholar
• Zar HJ, Liebenberg M, Weinberg EG, Binns HJ, Mann MD. The efficacy of alternative spacer devices for delivery of aerosol therapy to children with asthma. Ann Trop Paediatr 1998 Jun; 18(2)75–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry PW, O'Callaghan C. Optimum length and width for a spacer device. Pharm Pharmacol Comm 2000; 6: 1–5
   Google Scholar
• Teo J, Kwang L W, Yip WCL. An inexpensive spacer for use with metered-dose bronchodilators in young asthmatic children. Pediatr Pulmonol 1988; 5: 244–246
   Google Scholar
• Wong C, Ayson M, Rajasingham S, Burgess C, Crane J. Efficacy of a simple DIY spacer with a metered dose inhaler in asthma. New Z Med J 1995; 256–257
   Google Scholar
• Zar HJ, Green C, Mann MD, Weinberg EG. A novel method for constructing an alternative spacer for patients with asthma. S Afr Med J 1999; 89: 1–4
   Google Scholar
• Pierart F, Wildhaber JH, Vrancken I, Devadason SG, Le-Souef PN. Washing plastic spacers in household detergent reduces electrostatic charge and greatly improves delivery. Eur Respir J 1999; 13: 673–678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Physical tests and determinations, aerosols. The Pharmacopeia of the United States of America. 24th ed. USP Convention, Rockville, MD 2000; 1895–1912
   Google Scholar
• Phelan RF, Cuddihy RG, Fisher GL, Moss OR, Schlesinger RD, Swift DL, Yeh HC. Main features of the proposed NCRP respiratory tract model. Rad Prot Dos 1991; 38: 179–184
   Google Scholar
• Task Group on Lung Dynamics. Deposition and retention models for internal dosimetry of the human respiratory tract. Health Physics 1966; 12: 173–208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asmus MJ, Liang J, Coowanitwong I, Vafadari R, Hochhaus G. In-vitro deposition of fluticasone aerosol from a metered-dose inhaler with and without two common valved holding chambers. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2002; 88: 204–208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toogood JH, Baskerville J, Jennings B, Lefcoe NM, Johansson SA. Use of spacers to facilitate inhaled corticosteroid treatment of asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984; 129: 723–729
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman SP, Pitcairn GR, Adkin DA, Vidgren MT, Silvasti M. Comparison of beclomethasone dipropionate delivery by easyhaler dry powder inhaler and MDI plus large volume spacer. J Aerosol Med 2001; 14: 217–225
   Google Scholar
• Smith KJ, Chan HK, Brown KF. Influence of flow rate on aerosol particle size distributions from pressurized and breath-actuated inhalers. J Aerosol Med 1998; 11: 231–245
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davies N, Feddah M, Brown K, Gipps E. In-vitro characterization of metered dose inhaler versus dry powder inhaler glucocorticoid products: influence of inspiratory flow rates. J Pharm Sci 2000; 3: 318–324
   Google Scholar