278
Views
78
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Cardiovascular risk factors in primary care: methods and baseline prevalence rates – the DETECT program

, , , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 619-629 | Accepted 21 Feb 2005, Published online: 01 Apr 2005

References

  • Sharma AM, Wittchen HU, Kirch W et al.; HYDRA Study Group. High prevalence and poor control of hypertension in primary care: cross-sectional study. J Hypertens 2004;22(3):479–86
  • Jacobs Jr DR, Adachi H, Mulder I, et al., for the Seven Countries Study Group. Cigarette smoking and mortality risk: twenty-five- year follow-up of the Seven Countries Study. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:733–40
  • Stec JJ, Silbershatz H, Tofler GH, et al. Association of fibrinogen with cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease in the Framingham offspring population. Circulation 2000;102:1634–8
  • Sytkowski PA, DAgostino RB, Belanger AJ, Kannel WB. Secular trends in long-term sustained hypertension, long-term treatment, and cardiovascular mortality. The Framingham Heart Study 1950 to 1990. Circulation 1996;93:697–703
  • Kuulasmaa K, Tunstall-Pedoe H, Dobson A, et al. Estimation of contribution of changes in classic risk factors to trends in coronary- event rates across the WHO MONICA Project populations. Lancet 2000;355:675–87
  • Bothig S. WHO MONICA Project. Objectives and design. Int J Epidemiol 1998;18:29–37
  • Tunstall-Pedoe H, Kuulasmaa K, Mahonen M, Tolonen H, Ruokokoski E, Amouyel P. Contribution of trends in survival and coronary- event rates to changes in coronary heart disease mortality: 10-year results from 37 WHO MONICA project populations. Monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease. Lancet 1999; 353:1547–57
  • EUROASPIRE II Study Group. Lifestyle and risk factor management and use of drug therapies in coronary patients from 15 countries. Principal results from EUROASPIRE II Euro Heart Survey Programme. Eur Heart J 2001;22:554–72
  • Assmann G, Schulte H. The Prospective Cardiovascular Munster (PROCAM) study: prevalence of hyperlipidemia in persons with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and the relationship to coronary heart disease. Am Heart J 1988;116:1713–24
  • Stamler J, Wentworth D, Neaton JD. Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). J Am Med Assoc 1986;256: 2823–8
  • Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care 1993;16:434–44
  • Bodenheimer T The American health care system – the movement for improved quality in health care. New Engl J Med 1999; 340:488–92
  • Guidelines committee. European Society of Hypertension-Euro- pean Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2003;21:1011–53
  • Böhler S, Lehnert H, Stalla GK, et al. Diabetes and cardiovascular risk-evaluation and management in primary care: progress and unresolved issues. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2004;112:157–70
  • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program 15(NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults [Adult Treament Panel III]. J Am Med Assoc 2001; 205:2486–97
  • De Backer G, Ambrosioni E, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice [Third Joint Task Force of European and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice]. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1601–10
  • Wittchen H-U, Krause P, Höfler M, et al. Objective, design and methodology of the ‘Hypertension and Diabetes Risk Screening and Awareness' – (HYDRA) Study. Fortschritte der Medizin 2003; 121 (1):2–44
  • Wolf-Maier K, Cooper RS, Banegas JR, et al. Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States. J Am Med Assoc 2003;289: 2363–9
  • Benjamin EJ, Smith Jr SC, Cooper RS, Hill MN, Luepker RV 33rd Bethesda Conference. Task Force No.1 – magnitude of the prevention problem: opportunities and challenges. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40: 588–603
  • Harris R, Donahue K, Rathore SS, Frame P, Woolf SH, Lohr KN. Screening adults for type 2 diabetes: a review of the evidence for the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:215–29
  • Grenn LW et al. Health promotion planning: an educational and environmental approach, 2nd ed. Mountain View (CA): Mayfield Company; 1991
  • Brooks R, Rabin R, De Charro F, editors. The measurement and valuation of health status using EQ-5D: a European perspective – evidence from the EuroQol BIOMED Research Programme. Boston: Kluwer Academic; 2003
  • Graf von der Schulenburg JM, Claes C, Greiner W, Uber A. Die Deutsche Version des Euroqol-Fragebogens [German Version of the EuroQol Questionnaire]. Zeitschrift für Gesundheitswissens chaften 1998;6:3–20
  • Scheier MF, Carver CS, Bridges MW. Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and selfesteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. J Pers Soc Psychol 1994;67:1063–78
  • Wittchen HU, Kessler RC, Beesdo K, Krause P, Höfler M, Hoyer J. Generalized anxiety and depression in primary care: prevalence, recognition and management. J Clin Psychiatry 2002;63\(Suppl. 8):24–34
  • Levy PS, Lemeshow S. Sampling of populations: methods and applications, 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1999
  • Royall RM. Model robust confidence intervals using maximum likelihood estimators. Int Stat Rev 1986;54:221–6
  • Stata Corp. Stata statistical software: release 8.0. College Station (TX): Stata Corporation; 2003
  • Bramlage P, Pittrow D, Wittchen HU, et al. Hypertension in overweight and obese primary care patients is highly prevalent and poorly controlled. Am J Hypertens 2004;17(10):904–10
  • Lehnert H, Wittchen HU, Pittrow D, et al. Prevalence and pharmacotherapy of diabetes in primary care. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2005;130:123–8
  • Fuat A, Hungin APS, Murphy JJ. Barriers to accurate diagnosis and effective management of heart failure in primary care: qualitative study. Br Med J 2003;326:196–200
  • Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care. J Am Med Assoc 2001;286:1317–24
  • Schrier R, Estacio R, Esler A, Mehler P. Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes. Kidney Int 2002;61: 1086–97
  • Welty FK. Cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia in women. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:514–22
  • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. New Engl J Med 1993;329:977–86
  • American Diabetes Association. Economic costs of diabetes in the US in 2002. Diabetes Care 2003;25:917–32
  • The CDC Diabetes Cost-effectiveness Group. Cost-effectiveness of intensive glycemic control, intensified hypertension control, and serum cholesterol level reduction for type 2 diabetes. J Am Med Assoc 2002;287:2542–51

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.