Effects of rosiglitazone added to submaximal doses of metformin compared with dose escalation of metformin in type 2 diabetes: the EMPIRE Study

References

• American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27(Suppl 1):S15–S34
   Google Scholar
• American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Medical guidelines for the management of diabetes mellitus: the AACE system of intensive diabetes self-management – 2002 update. Endocr Pract 2002;8(Suppl 1):40–82
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• European Diabetes Policy Group. A desktop guide to type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 1999;16:716–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell IW. Need for intensive, early glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Br J Cardiol 2000;7:625–31
   Google Scholar
• Garber AJ. Using dose–response characteristics of therapeutic agents for treatment decisions in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2000;2:139–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner RC, Cull CA, Frighi V, Holman RR. Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49) [UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group]. J Am Med Assoc 1999;281:2005–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirpichnikov D, McFarlane SI, Sowers JR. Metformin: an update. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:25–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inzucchi SE, Maggs DG, Spollett GR, et al. Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type II diabetes mellitus. New Engl J Med 1998;338:867–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 1998;352: 854–65
   Google Scholar
• Miyazaki Y, Glass L, Triplitt C, et al. Effect of rosiglitazone on glucose and non-esterified fatty acid metabolism in Type II diabetic patients. Diabetologia 2001;44:2210–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayerson AB, Hundal RS, Dufour S, et al. The effects of rosiglitazone on insulin sensitivity, lipolysis, and hepatic and skeletal muscle triglyceride content in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2002;51:797–802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallsten K, Virtanen KA, Lonnqvist F, et al. Rosiglitazone but not metformin enhances insulin- and exercise-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2002;51:3479–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace TM, Levy JC, Matthews DR. An increase in insulin sensitivity and basal beta-cell function in diabetic subjects treated with pioglitazone in a placebo-controlled randomized study. Diabet Med 2004;21:568–76
   Google Scholar
• Lebovitz HE, Dole JF, Patwardhan R, et al. Rosiglitazone monotherapy is effective in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:280–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith SA, Porter LE, Biswas N, et al. Rosiglitazone, but not glyburide, reduces circulating proinsulin and the proinsulin:insulin ratio in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:6048–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonseca V, Rosenstock J, Patwardhan R, Salzman A. Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2000;283:1695–702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomez-Perez FJ, Fanghanel-Salmon G, Barbosa JA, et al. Efficacy and safety of rosiglitazone plus metformin in Mexicans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2002;18:127–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones TA, Sautter M, Van Gaal LF, Jones NP. Addition of rosiglitazone to metformin is effective in obese, insulin-resistant patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2003;5:163–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey DG, Cowin GJ, Galloway GJ, et al. Sensitivity effect of rosiglitazone on insulin and body composition in type 2 diabetic patients. Obes Res 2002;10:1008–15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nesto RW, Bell D, Bonow RO, et al. Thiazolidinedione use, fluid retention, and congestive heart failure: a consensus statement from the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association. Circulation 2003;108:2941–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haffner SM, Mykkanen L, Festa A, Burke JP, Stern MP. Insulin-resistant prediabetic subjects have more atherogenic risk factors than insulin-sensitive prediabetic subjects: implications for preventing coronary heart disease during the prediabetic state. Circulation 2000;101:975–80
   Google Scholar
• Home P, Pocock S, Beck-Nielsen H, et al. Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiac outcomes and regulation of glycaemia in diabetes (RECORD): an interim analysis of glycaemia at 18 months. Diabetologia 2004;47\(Suppl 1):A262
   Google Scholar
• Home P, Komajada M, Beck-Nielsen H, et al. Twelve months sustained efficacy of rosiglitazone combination therapy on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 2005;54\(Suppl 2):[Abstract 542-P]
   Google Scholar
• Viberti G, Kahn SE, Greene DA, et al. A diabetes outcome progression trial (ADOPT): an international multicenter study of the comparative efficacy of rosiglitazone, glyburide, and metformin in recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1737–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar