Comparative characterisation of a commercial human chorionic gonadotrophin extracted from human urine with a commercial recombinant human chorionic gonadotrophin

References

• Lunenfeld B. Treatment of anovulation by human gonadotropins. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1963;1:153–9
   Google Scholar
• Gemzell C. Induction of ovulation with human gonadotropins. Recent Prog Horm Res 1965;21:179–204
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnsen S. A study of human testicular function by the use of human menopausal gonadotrophin and of human chorionic gonadotrophin in male hypogonadotrophic eunichoidism and infantilism. Acta Endocrinol 1996;53:315–41
   Google Scholar
• Cole L. hCG, its free subunits and its metabolites. Roles in pregnancy and trophoblastic disease. J Reprod Med 1998;43:3–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole L, Kardana A, Park S, Braunstein G. The deactivation of hCG by nicking and dissociation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 76:704–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarram S, Jenkins J, Cole L, Brown N, Sandy J, Mansell J. Epidermal growth factor contamination and concentrations of intact human chorionic gonadotropin in commercial preparations. Fertil Steril 2004;82:232–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kauffman H, Hovenga H, de Bruijn H, Beintema J. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) levels in commercial human urinary preparations of glycoprotein hormones. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1999;82:111–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morse J, Lustbader J, Harrington J, Canfield R. Heterogeneity of proteins in commercial preparations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) demonstrated by Western blotting. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 1988;17:134–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daja M, Hiyama J, Scott G, Renwick A. The detection and isolation of protease activity associated with purified preparations of human chorionic gonadotrophin. Endocrinology 1993;132:1766–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolfe B, Morton H, Clarke F. Early pregnancy factor is an immunosuppressive contaminant of commercial preparations of human chorionic gonadotrophin. Clin Exp Immunol 1983;51:45–52
   Google Scholar
• Knox G, Reynolds D, Cohen S, Alford C. Alteration of the growth of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus type 1 by epidermal growth factor, a contaminant of crude human chorionic gonadotropin preparation. J Clin Invest 1978;61:1635–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann J, Holzel F, Hackenberg R, Schulz K. Characterization of epidermal growth factor-related protein from human urinary chorionic gonadotrophin. J Endocrinol 1989;123:333–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forcelledo M, de la Lastra M. Gonadotropin-inhibitory contaminants in partially purified pharmaceutical preparations of human chorionic gonadotropin. J Pharm Sci 1977;66:1773–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lunenfeld B. Development of gonadotrophins for clinical use. Reprod Biomed Online 2001;4(Suppl 1):11–7
   Google Scholar
• Chang P, Kenley S, Burns T, Denton G, Currie K, DeVane G, O’Dea L. Recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin (rhCG) in assisted reproductive technology: results of a clinical trial comparing two doses of rhCG (Ovidrel) to urinary hCG (Profasi) for induction of final follicular maturation in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2001;76:67–74
   Google Scholar
• Amoresano A, Siciliano R, Orru S, Napoleoni R, Altarocca V, De Luca E, Sirna A, Pucci P. Structural characterisation of human recombinant glycohormones follitropin, lutropin and choriogonadotropin expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Eur J Biochem 1996;242:608–18
   Google Scholar
• Van de Weijer B, Mulders J, Bos E, Verhaert P, Van den Hooven H. Compositional analyses of a human menopausal gonadotrophin preparation extracted from urine (menotropin). Identification of some of its major impurities. Reprod Biomed Online 2003;7:547–57
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Birken S, Berger P, Bidart J, Weber M, Bristow A, Norman R, Sturgeon C, Stenman U. Preparation and characterization of new WHO reference reagents for human chorionic gonadotropin and metabolites. Clin Chem 2003;49:144–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakakibara R, Miyazaki S, Ishiguro M. A nicked beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin purified from pregnancy urine. J Biochem 1990;107:858–62
   Google Scholar
• Cole L, Bardana A, Andrade-Gordon P, Gawinowicz M, Morris J, Bergert E, O’Connor J, Birken S. The heterogeneity of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). III. The occurrence and biological and immunological activities of nicked hCG. Endocrinology 1991;129:1559–67
   Google Scholar
• Yoshimura M, Hershman J, Pang X, Berg L, Pekary A. Activation of the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor by human chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing functional human TSH receptors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993;77:1009–13
   Google Scholar
• Yoshimura M, Pekary A, Pang X, Berg L, Cole L, Kardana A, Hershman J. Effect of peptide nicking in the human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit on stimulation of recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:92–6
   Google Scholar
• Yoshimura M, Hershman J. Thyrotropic action of human chorionic gonadotropin. Thyroid 1995;5:425–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg H, Tenen D, Ackerman S. Molecular cloning of the human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin: a member of the ribonuclease gene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989;86:4460–4
   Google Scholar
• Tiffany H, Li F, Rosenberg H. Hyperglycosylation of eosinophil ribonucleases in a promyelocytic leukemia cell line and in differentiated peripheral blood progenitor cells. J Leukoc Biol 1995;58:49–54
   Google Scholar
• Yang D, Chen Q, Rosenberg H, Rybak S, Newton D, Wang Z, Fu Q, Tchernev V, Wang M, Schweitzer B, Kingsmore S, Patel D, Oppenheim J, Howard O. Human ribonuclease A superfamily members, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and pancreatic ribonuclease, induce dendritic cell maturation and activation. J Immunol 2004;173:6134–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang D, Rosenberg H, Chen Q, Dyer K, Kurosaka K, Oppenheim J. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), an antimicrobial protein with chemotactic activities for dendritic cells. Blood 2003;102:3396–403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar