Acarbose in addition to existing treatments in patients with type 2 diabetes: health economic analysis in a German setting

References

• Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, et al. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1047–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathmann W, Haastert B, Icks A, et al. High prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in Southern Germany: target populations for efficient screening. The KORA survey 2000. Diabetologia 2003;46:182–9
   Google Scholar
• Liebl A, Neiss A, Spannheimer A, et al. Costs of type 2 diabetes in Germany. Results of the CODE-2 study. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2001;126:585–9 [in German]
   Google Scholar
• Neeser K, Lubben G, Siebert U, et al. Cost effectiveness of combination therapy with pioglitazone for type 2 diabetes mellitus from a German statutory healthcare perspective. Pharmacoeconomics 2004;22:321–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banz K, Dinkel R, Hanefeld M, et al. Evaluation of the potential clinical and economic effects of bodyweight stabilisation with acarbose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A decision-analytical approach. Pharmacoeconomics 1998;13:449–59
   Google Scholar
• Hanefeld M, Cagatay M, Petrowitsch T, et al. Acarbose reduces the risk for myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetic patients: meta-analysis of seven long-term studies. Eur Heart J 2004;25:10–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer AJ, Roze S, Valentine WJ, et al. The CORE Diabetes Model: projecting long-term clinical outcomes, costs and cost-effectiveness of interventions in diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2) to support clinical and reimbursement decision-making. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20(Suppl 1):5–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer AJ, Roze S, Valentine W, et al. Validation of the CORE Diabetes Model against epidemiological and clinical studies. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20(Suppl 1):S27–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens RJ, Kothari V, Adler AI, et al. The UKPDS risk engine: a model for the risk of coronary heart disease in type II diabetes (UKPDS 56). Clin Sci (Lond) 2001;101:671–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA, et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000;321:405–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998;352: 837–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarn T, Smith M. Pharmacoeconomic guidelines around the world. ISPOR connections 2004;10
   Google Scholar
• Lammert M, Palmer AJ, Roze S, et al. Long term cost effectiveness of biphasic insulin aspart 30/70 (in the US: biphasic insulin aspart 70/30) versus insulin glargine in insulin naïve patients with type 2 diabetes poorly controlled on oral hypoglycemic agents in Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish and UK Settings. Value Health 2004;7:637–825
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mertes G. Safety and efficacy of acarbose in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: data from a 5-year surveillance study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001;52:193–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buse J, Hart K, Minasi L. The PROTECT Study: final results of a large multicenter postmarketing study in patients with type 2 diabetes. Precose Resolution of Optimal Titration to Enhance Current Therapies. Clin Ther 1998;20: 257–69
   Google Scholar
• Gao W, Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J. Post-challenge hyperglycaemia rather than fasting hyperglycaemia is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease events. Clin Lab 2004;50:609–15
   Google Scholar
• Qiao Q, Tuomilehto J, Borch-Johnsen K. Post-challenge hyper-glycaemia is associated with premature death and macrovascular complications. Diabetologia 2003;46\(Suppl 1):M17–21 [Epub 2002 Nov 7]
   Google Scholar
• Wendland G, Klever-Deichert G, Lauterbach K. Cost effectiveness of lipid lowering therapy. Herz 2001;26:552–560 [in German]
   Google Scholar
• Gozzoli V, Palmer AJ, Brandt A, et al. Increased clinical and economic advantages using PROSIT (proteinuria screening and intervention) in type 2 diabetic patients. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2000;125:1154–9 [in German]
   Google Scholar
• Ray, J.A., Valentine, W.J., Secnik, K., et al. Review of the cost of diabetes complications in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy and Spain. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21:1617–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nebel M. Behandlungskosten der Nierenersatztherapie in Deutschland 1999. Nieren-und Hochdruckkrankheiten 2002;31:85–92
   Google Scholar
• Szucs TD, Smala A, Fischer T. Costs of intensive insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus: experiences from the DCCT study. Fortschr Med 1998;116:34–8 [in German]
   Google Scholar
• Wezel H, Liebold R. Handkommenentar zum einheitlichen bewertungsmassstab fur arztliche leistungen (EBM). Sankt-Augustin: Asgard-Verlag, 2001
   Google Scholar
• www.kvno.de/mitglieder/artznmitl/richlini/becapler.html Search term ‘regranex’ [Last accessed 01 November 2005]
   Google Scholar
• Banz K, Dinkel R, Hanefeld M, et al. Evaluation of the potential clinical and economic effects of bodyweight stabilisation with acarbose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A decision-analytical approach. Pharmacoeconomics 1998;13: 449–59
   Google Scholar
• Joanneum Research Center cost database. Available from http://www.joanneum.ac.at [Last accessed 01 November 2005]
   Google Scholar
• Rychlik R, Pfeil T, Daniel D, et al. Socioeconomic relevance of treatment of chronic heart failure stage NYHA II with crataegus extract WS® 1442 – two-year-results of a prospective pharmacoeconomic study. Value Health 2004;7:637–825
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DRG prices in Germany 2003. Available from http://www.gdrg.de [Last accessed 01 November 2005]
   Google Scholar
• Kelm-Kahl, I, Ohrloff, C. Minimal invasive chirugie beim Grauen Star. Was zahlt die Kassee-Medezin und Gesundheit. http://www3.lifeline.de/yavivo/Verfahren/Augenheilkunde/Katarakt/35kosten.html [Last accessed 01 November 2005]
   Google Scholar
• Ghatnekar O. Cost-effectiveness of treating deep diabetic foot ulcers with Promogran in four different European countries. J Wound Care 2002;11:70–74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar