Metallothionein expression in the high-risk carotid atherosclerotic plaque

References

• Vijungco JD, Pearce WH. Carotid artery revascularization. Top Stroke Rehabil 2003;10:46–60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hanel RA, Xavier AR, Kirmani JF, et al. Management of carotid artery stenosis: comparing endarterectomy and stenting. Curr Cardiol Rep 2003;5:153–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Golledge J, Greenhalgh RM, Davies AH. The symptomatic carotid plaque. Stroke 2000;31:774–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 1991;325:445–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Carotid Surgery Trialists’ Collaborative Group. MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial: interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70–99%) or with mild (0–29%) carotid stenosis. Lancet 1991;337:1235–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobson RW 2nd, Weiss DG, Fields WS, et al. Efficacy of carotid endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid stenosis. The Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1993;328:221–7
   Google Scholar
• Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study: Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA 1995;273: 1421–8
   Google Scholar
• Halliday A, Mansfield A, Marro J, et al.; MRC Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial (ACST) Collaborative Group. Prevention of disabling and fatal strokes by successful carotid endarterectomy in patients without recent neurological symptoms: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004;363:1491–502. Erratum in: Lancet 2004;364: 416
   Google Scholar
• Geroulakos G, Ramaswami G, Nicolaides A, et al. Character-isation of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid plaques using high-resolution real-time ultrasonography. Br J Surg 1993;80:1274–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elatrozy T, Nicolaides A, Tegos T, et al. The effect of B-mode image standardisation on the echodensity of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid bifurcation plaques. Int Angiol 1998;17:179–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liapis CD, Kakisis JD, Kostakis AG. Carotid stenosis: factors affecting symptomatology. Stroke 2001;32:2782–6
   Google Scholar
• Nordestgaard BG, Gronholdt ML, Sillesen H. Echolucent rupture-prone plaques. Curr Opin Lipidol 2003;14:505–12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gronholdt ML, Nordestgaard BG, Schroeder TV, et al. Ultrasonic echolucent carotid plaques predict future strokes. Circulation 2001;104:68–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liapis CD, Kakisis JD, Dimitroulis DA, et al. Carotid ultrasound findings as a predictor of long-term survival after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a 14-year prospective study. J Vasc Surg 2003;38:1220–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honda O, Sugiyama S, Kugiyama K, et al. Echolucent carotid plaques predict future coronary events in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:1177–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathiesen EB, Bonaa KH, Joakimsen O. Echolucent plaques are associated with high risk of ischemic cerebrovascular events in carotid stenosis: the Tromso study. Circulation 2001;103:2171–5
   Google Scholar
• Gronholdt ML, Nordestgaard BG, Bentzon J, et al. Macrophages are associated with lipid-rich carotid artery plaques, echolucency on B-mode imaging, and elevated plasma lipid levels. J Vasc Surg 2002;35:137–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennerici MG. The unstable plaque. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004;17(Suppl 3):17–22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beattie JH, Kwun IS. Is zinc deficiency a risk factor for atherosclerosis? Br J Nutr 2004;91:177–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gobel H, van der Wal AC, Teeling P, et al. Metallothionein in human atherosclerotic lesions: a scavenger mechanism for reactive oxygen species in the plaque? Virchows Arch 2000;437:528–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprietsma JE. Modern diets and diseases: NO-zinc balance. Under Th1, zinc and nitrogen monoxide (NO) collectively protect against viruses, AIDS, autoimmunity, diabetes, allergies, asthma, infectious diseases, atherosclerosis and cancer. Med Hypotheses 1999;53: 6–16
   Google Scholar
• Ye G, Metreveli NS, Ren J, et al. Metallothionein prevents diabetes-induced deficits in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production. Diabetes 2003;52:777–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Theocharis SE, Margeli AP, Koutselinis A. Metallothionein: a multifunctional protein from toxicity to cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2003;18:162–9
   Google Scholar
• Theocharis S, Karkantaris C, Philipides T, et al. Expression of metallothionein in lung carcinoma: correlation with histological type and grade. Histopathology 2002;40:143–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolaides AN, Shifrin EG, Bradbury A, et al. Angiographic and duplex grading of internal carotid stenosis: can we overcome the confusion? J Endovasc Surg 1996;3: 158–65
   Google Scholar
• Tegos TJ, Sabetai MM, Nicolaides AN, et al. Correlates of embolic events detected by means of transcranial Doppler in patients with carotid atheroma. J Vasc Surg 2001;33:131–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson C, Sudlow C. Are lacunar strokes really different? A systematic review of differences in risk factor profiles between lacunar and nonlacunar infarcts. Stroke 2005;36:891–901
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mead GE, Shingler H, Farrell A, et al. Carotid disease in acute stroke. Age Ageing 1998;27:677–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mead GE, Lewis SC, Wardlaw JM, et al. Should computed tomography appearance of lacunar stroke influence patient management? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;67:682–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, And Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol In Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001;285:2486–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Special report from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Classification of cerebrovascular diseases III. Stroke 1990;21:637–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolaides AN, Kakkos SK, Griffin M, et al.; Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Risk of Stroke (ACSRS) Study Group. Effect of image normalization on carotid plaque classification and the risk of ipsilateral hemispheric ischemic events: results from the asymptomatic carotid stenosis and risk of stroke study. Vascular 2005;13:211–21
   Google Scholar
• Tegos TJ, Sabetai MM, Nicolaides AN, et al. Patterns of brain computed tomography infarction and carotid plaque echogenicity. J Vasc Surg 2001;33:334–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stary HC. Natural history and histological classification of atherosclerotic lesions: an update. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20:1177–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kontogianni K, Demonakou M, Kavantzas N, et al. Prognostic predictors of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a multi-institutional analysis of 102 patients with definition of a prognostic index. Eur J Surg Oncol 2003;29:548–56
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kusuoka H, Hoffman JI. Advice on statistical analysis for Circulation Research. Circ Res 2002;91:662–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Carotid Plaque Study Group. Carotid artery plaque composition-relationship to clinical presentation and ultrasound B-mode imaging. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1995;10:23–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilhjelm JE, Gronholdt ML, Wiebe B, et al. Quantitative analysis of ultrasound B-mode images of carotid atherosclerotic plaque: correlation with visual classification and histological examination. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 1998;17:910–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stary HC, Chandler AB, Dinsmore RE, et al. A definition of advanced types of atherosclerotic lesions and a histological classification of atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995;15:1512–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsiara S, Elisaf M, Mikhailidis DP. Influence of smoking on predictors of vascular disease. Angiology 2003;54:507–30
   Google Scholar
• Flemming KD, Brown RD Jr. Secondary prevention strategies in ischemic stroke: identification and optimal management of modifiable risk factors. Mayo Clin Proc 2004;79:1330–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambless LE, Folsom AR, Davis V, et al. Risk factors for progression of common carotid atherosclerosis: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, 1987–1998. Am J Epidemiol 2002;155:38–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rantanen K, Tatlisumak T. Secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Curr Drug Targets 2004;5:457–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joakimsen O, Bonaa KH, Stensland-Bugge E, et al. Age and sex differences in the distribution and ultrasound morphology of carotid atherosclerosis: the Tromso Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:3007–13
   Google Scholar
• Campagne MV, Thibodeaux H, van Bruggen N, et al. Increased binding activity at an antioxidant-responsive element in the metallothionein-1 promoter and rapid induction of metallothionein-1 and -2 in response to cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. J Neurosci 2000;20:5200–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris JW, Zhu CZ. Silent stroke and carotid stenosis. Stroke 1992;23:483–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brott T, Tomsick T, Feinberg W, et al. Baseline silent cerebral infarction in the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Stroke 1994;25:1122–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robless P, Baxter A, Byrd S, et al. Prevalence of asymptomatic CT infarcts in the ongoing Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial (ACST). Int Angiol 1998;17:194–200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabetai MM, Tegos TJ, Clifford C, et al. Carotid plaque echogenicity and types of silent CT-brain infarcts. Is there an association in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis? Int Angiol 2001;20:51–7
   Google Scholar
• Akintola DF, Sampson B, Burrin J, et al. Changes in plasma metallothionein-1, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein in patients after elective surgery. Clin Chem 1997;43:845–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim JY, Lee KJ, Kim DH, et al. Cytokine-mediated induction of metallothionein in Hepa-1c1c7 cells by oleanolic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004;325:792–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mocchegiani E, Giacconi R, Muti E, et al. Zinc, immune plasticity, aging, and successful aging: role of metallothionein. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004;1019:127–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husain T, Abbott CR, Scott DJ, et al. Macrophage accumulation within the cap of carotid atherosclerotic plaques is associated with the onset of cerebral ischemic events. J Vasc Surg 1999;30:269–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russel DA, Wijeyaratne M, Mavor AID, Homer-Vanniasinkam S, Gough M. Changes in carotid echomorphology after a neurological event. Presented at the Society of Vascular Surgery annual meeting 8–11 June 2003, Chicago, IL, USA. Scientific Program p. 84. Abstract
   Google Scholar