Part I: Identifying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with respiratory symptoms

References

• Bellamy D, Bouchard J, Henrichsen S, et al. International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) Guidelines: management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Prim Care Respir J 2006;15:48–57
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Data Fact Sheet: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NIH, NHLBI. March 2003. NIH Publication No. 03–5229
   Google Scholar
• Halbert RJ, Isonaka S, George D, Iqbal A. Interpreting COPD prevalence estimates: what is the true burden of disease? Chest 2003;123:1684–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devereux G. ABC of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Definition, epidemiology, and risk factors. BMJ 2006;332:1142–4
   Google Scholar
• Hanania NA, Darken P, Horstman D, et al. The efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate (250 µg)/salmeterol (50 µg) combined in the diskus inhaler for the treatment of COPD. Chest 2003;124:834–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casaburi R, Mahler DA, Jones PW, et al. A long-term evaluation of once-daily inhaled tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J 2002;19:217–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PM, et al. GOLD Scientific Committee. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/ WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1256–76
   Google Scholar
• Canadian Lung Association. What is COPD? Available at: http://www.lung.ca/diseases-maladies/copd-mpoc/what-quoi/index_e.php [Last accessed 3 January 2007]
   Google Scholar
• Man SF, McAlister FA, Anthonisen NR, Sin DD. Contemporary management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: clinical applications. JAMA 2003;290:2313–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: standards for the diagnosis and management of individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168:818–900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currie GP, Legge JS. ABC of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Diagnosis. BMJ 2006;332:1261–3
   Google Scholar
• Crater SE, Peters EJ, Martin ML, et al. Expired nitric oxide and airway obstruction in asthma patients with an acute exacerbation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:806–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chien JW, Martin PJ, Gooley TA, et al. Airflow obstruction after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168:208–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOLD Guidelines At-A-Glance Desk Reference. 2007. Available at: http://goldcopd.com/Guidelineitem.asp?l1=2&l2=1&intId=1119. Accessed April 21, 2007
   Google Scholar
• Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Kiley JP, et al. Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1. The Lung Health Study. JAMA 1994;272:1497–505
   Google Scholar
• Buhl R, Farmer SG. Future directions in the pharmacologic therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2005;2:83–93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hogg JC, Chu F, Utokaparch S, et al. The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2645–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes PJ, Stockley RA. COPD: current therapeutic interventions and future approaches. Eur Respir J 2005;25:1084–106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes PJ. Mediators of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pharmacol Rev 2004;56:515–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sin DD, McAlister FA, Man SF, Anthonisen NR. Contemporary management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Scientific review. JAMA 2003;290:2301–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial Group. Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: a clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 1980;93:391–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fishman A, Martinez F, Naunheim K, et al.; National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group. A randomized trial comparing lung-volume–reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema. N Engl J Med 2003;348:2059–73
   Google Scholar
• Meyers BF, Patterson GA. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 10: Bullectomy, lung volume reduction surgery, and transplantation for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2003;58: 634–8
   Google Scholar
• Lancaster T, Stead L, Silagy C, Sowden A. Effectiveness of interventions to help people stop smoking: findings from the Cochrane Library. BMJ 2000;321:355–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marlow SP, Stoller JK. Smoking cessation. Respir Care 2003;48:1238–56
   PubMedGoogle Scholar