318
Views
34
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Persistence of atorvastatin and simvastatin among patients with and without prior cardiovascular diseases: a US managed care study

, , , &
Pages 1987-2000 | Accepted 16 May 2008, Published online: 04 Jun 2008

References

  • Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344:1383–9
  • LaRosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, . Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with stable coronary disease. New Engl J Med 2005; 352:1425–35
  • Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, . Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 364:685–96
  • Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, . Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia [West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group]. New Engl J Med 1995; 333:1301–7
  • Sever PS, Dahlöf B, Poulter NR, . Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial – Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT – LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361:1149–58
  • Downs JR, Clearfield M, Weis S, . Primary prevention of acute coronary events with lovastatin in men and women with average cholesterol levels: results of AFCAPS/TexCAPS [Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study]. J Am Med Assoc 1998; 279:1615–22
  • Anon. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20 536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360:7–22
  • Wei L, Ebrahim S, Bartlett C, . Statin use in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in primary care: cohort study and comparison of inclusion and outcome with patients in randomised trials. Br Med J 2005; 330:821
  • Mehta JL, Bursac Z, Hauer-Jensen M, . Comparison of mortality rates in statin users versus nonstatin users in a United States veteran population. Am J Cardiol 2006; 98:923–8
  • Fintel D, Joyce A, Mackell J, . Reduced mortality rates after intensive statin therapy in managed-care patients. Value Health 2007; 10:161–9
  • Koren MJ, Hunninghake DB. Clinical outcomes in managed-care patients with coronary heart disease treated aggressively in lipid-lowering disease management clinics: the ALLIANCE study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44:1772–9
  • Colhoun HM, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, . Rapid emergence of effect of atorvastatin on cardiovascular outcomes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS). Diabetologia 2005; 48:2482–5
  • Sever PS, Poulter NR, Dahlöf B, . The Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial – Lipid-Lowering Arm: extended observations 2 years after trial closure. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:499–508
  • Ellis JJ, Erickson SR, Stevenson JG, . Suboptimal statin adherence and discontinuation in primary and secondary prevention populations. J Gen Intern Med 2004; 19:638–45
  • Benner JS, Glynn RJ, Mogun H, . Long-term persistence in use of statin therapy in elderly patients. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 288:455–61
  • Bradford RH, Shear CL, Chremos AN, . Expanded Clinical Evaluation of Lovastatin (EXCEL) study results. I. Efficacy in modifying plasma lipoproteins and adverse event profile in 8245 patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151:43–9
  • Perreault S, Blais L, Lamarre D, . Persistence and determinants of statin therapy among middle-aged patients for primary and secondary prevention. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 59:564–73
  • Jackevicius CA, Mamdani M, Tu JV. Adherence with statin therapy in elderly patients with and without acute coronary syndromes. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 288:462–7
  • Donovan JL. Patient decision making. The missing ingredient in compliance research. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 1995; 11:443–55
  • Blackburn DF, Dobson RT, Blackburn JL, . Cardiovascular morbidity associated with nonadherence to statin therapy. Pharmacotherapy 2005; 25:1035–43
  • Ho PM, Spertus JA, Masoudi FA, . Impact of medication therapy discontinuation on mortality after myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166:1842–7
  • Ho PM, Rumsfeld JS, Masoudi FA, . Effect of medication nonadherence on hospitalization and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166:1836–41
  • Ho PM, Magid DJ, Masoudi FA, . Adherence to cardioprotective medications and mortality among patients with diabetes and ischemic heart disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2006; 6:48
  • Simons LA, Levis G, Simons J. Apparent discontinuation rates in patients prescribed lipid-lowering drugs. Med J Aust 1996; 164:208–11
  • LaRosa JH, LaRosa JC. Enhancing drug compliance in lipid-lowering treatment. Arch Fam Med 2000; 9:1169–75
  • Luepker RV. Patient adherence: a ‘risk factor’ for cardiovascular disease. Heart Dis Stroke 1993; 2:418–21
  • Benner JS, Pollack MF, Smith TW, . Association between short-term effectiveness of statins and long-term adherence to lipid-lowering therapy. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2005; 62:1468–75
  • Rosenstock IM, Strecher VJ, Becker MH. Social learning theory and the Health Belief Model. Health Educ Q 1988; 15:175–83
  • Richardson MA, Simons-Morton B, Annegers JF. Effect of perceived barriers on compliance with antihypertensive medication. Health Educ Q 1993; 20:489–503
  • Anon. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002; 106:3143–421
  • Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, . Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Circulation 2004; 110:227–39
  • Parris ES, Lawrence DB, Mohn LA, . Adherence to statin therapy and LDL cholesterol goal attainment by patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:595–9
  • PharMetrics, a Unit of IMS. 2008. Available at: http://www.imshealth.com/web/channel/0,3147,77141581_63872702_78513316,00.html [last accessed April 22 2008]
  • Anon. International classification of diseases, ninth revision (ICD-9). National Center for Health Statistics: Centers for Disease Control, 2008
  • Anon. Current procedural terminology, 1st edAmerican Medical Association: Thomas Delmar Learning, 2006
  • Health care common procedural coding system [HCPCS], the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008
  • National drug code, US Food and Drug Administration. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/cder/ndc [last accessed March 2008]
  • Fleiss JL, Levin B, Myunghee CP. Statistical methods for rates and proportions, 3rd. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley-Interscience, 2003
  • Hollander M, Wolfe DA. Nonparametric statistical methods, 2nd. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley-Interscience, 1999
  • Lee ET. Statistical methods for survival data analysis, 2nd. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1992
  • Chapman RH, Benner JS, Petrilla AA, . Predictors of adherence with antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapy. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165:1147–52
  • Mantel-Teeuwisse AK, Goettsch WG, Klungel OH, . Long term persistence with statin treatment in daily medical practice. Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2004; 90:1065–6
  • Foody JM, Joyce AT, Rudolph AE, . Cardiovascular outcomes among patients newly initiating atorvastatin or simvastatin therapy: a large database analysis of managed care plans in the United States. Clin Ther 2008; 30:195–205
  • Phillips B, Roberts C, Rudolph AE, . Switching statins: the impact on patient outcomes. Br J Cardiol 2007; 14:280–5
  • Heeschen C, Hamm CW, Laufs U, . Withdrawal of statins increases event rates in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2002; 105:1446–52
  • Bybee KA, Wright RS, Williams BA, . Effect of concomitant or very early statin administration on in-hospital mortality and reinfarction in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2001; 87:771–4, A7
  • Aronow HD, Topol EJ, Roe MT, . Effect of lipid-lowering therapy on early mortality after acute coronary syndromes: an observational study. Lancet 2001; 357:1063–8
  • Stenestrand U, Wallentin L. Early statin treatment following acute myocardial infarction and 1-year survival. J Am Med Assoc 2001; 285:430–6
  • Colivicchi F, Bassi A, Santini M, . Discontinuation of statin therapy and clinical outcome after ischemic stroke. Stroke 2007; 38:2652–7
  • Blanco M, Nombela F, Castellanos M, . Statin treatment withdrawal in ischemic stroke: a controlled randomized study. Neurology 2007; 69:904–10
  • Monane M, Matthias DM, Nagle BA, . Improving prescribing patterns for the elderly through an online drug utilization review intervention: a system linking the physician, pharmacist, and computer. J Am Med Assoc 1998; 280:1249–52
  • Cramer JA. Enhancing patient compliance in the elderly. Role of packaging aids and monitoring. Drugs Aging 1998; 12:7–15
  • Avorn J, Monette J, Lacour A, . Persistence of use of lipid-lowering medications: a cross-national study. J Am Med Assoc 1998; 279:1458–62
  • Sever PS, Poulter NR, Dahlöf B, . Different time course for prevention of coronary and stroke events by atorvastatin in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial – Lipid-Lowering Arm (ASCOT – LLA). Am J Cardiol 2005; 96:39F–44F
  • Collins R, Armitage J, Parish S, . MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361:2005–16
  • Ford I, Murray H, Packard CJ, . Long-term follow-up of the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study. New Engl J Med 2007; 357:1477–86
  • Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Ezekowitz MD, . Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: the MIRACL study: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2001; 285:1711–8
  • Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, . Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. New Engl J Med 2004; 350:1495–504
  • Kashani A, Phillips CO, Foody JM, . Risks associated with statin therapy: a systematic overview of randomized clinical trials. Circulation 2006; 114:2788–97
  • Catalan VS, LeLorier J. Predictors of long-term persistence on statins in a subsidized clinical population. Value Health 2000; 3:417–26

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.