Use of antihypertensive medications among United States veterans newly diagnosed with hypertension

References

• Fields LE, Burt VL, Cutler JA, et al. The burden of adult hypertension in the United States 1999 to 2000: A rising tide. Hypertension 2004;44:398–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Heart Association. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics – 2005 Update. Dallas, Texas. American Heart Association; 2005. Available at http://www.americanheart.org/downloadable/heart/1105390918119HDSStats2005Update.pdf Accessed on Aug 20, 2006
   Google Scholar
• Psaty BM, et al. Health outcomes associated with various antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents: a network meta-analysis. JAMA 2003; 289: 2534–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Niskanen L, et al. Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial. Lancet 1999;353:611–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindholm LH, Hansson L, Ekbom T, et al. Comparison of antihypertensive treatments in preventing cardiovascular events in elderly diabetic patients: results from the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2. STOP Hypertension-2 Study Group. J Hypertens 2000;18:1671–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neal B, MacMahon S, Chapman N. Effects of ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood-pressure-lowering drugs: results of prospectively designed overviews of randomised trials. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. Lancet 2000;356:1955–64
   Google Scholar
• ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic. The antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002;288:2981–97
   Google Scholar
• Wing LM, Reid CM, Ryan P, et al. for the Second Australian National Blood Pressure Study Group. A comparison of outcomes with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and diuretics for hypertension in the elderly. N Engl J Med 2003;348:583–92
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Health Statistics. Compressed mortality file, 1979–1999: CDC Wonder. 2003
   Google Scholar
• Elliott WJ. The economic impact of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2003;5(3 Suppl 2):3–13
   Google Scholar
• Enlund H, Jokisalo E, Wallenius S, et al. Patient-perceived problems, compliance, and the outcome of hypertension treatment. Pharm World Sci. 2001;23:60–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajjar I, Kotchen TA. Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988–2000. JAMA 2003;290:199–206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudd P. Compliance with antihypertensive therapy: raising the bar of expectations. Am J Manag Care 1998;4:957–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osterberg L, Blaschke T. Adherence to medication. N Engl J Med 2005;353:487–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sikka R Xia F, Aubert RE. Estimating medication persistency using administrative claims data. Am J Manag Care 2005;11:449–57
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gerth WC. Compliance and persistence with newer antihyper-tensive agents. Curr Hypertens Rep 2002;4:424–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003;289:2560–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heagerty A. Optimizing hypertension management in clinical practice. J Hum Hypertens. 2006;Aug 10; [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Guo JD, Liu GG, Christensen DB, et al. How well have practices followed guidelines in prescribing antihypertensive drugs: the role of health insurance. Value Health 2003;6:18–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biskupiak J, Brixner DI, Munger M, Keskinaslan A. Effectiveness of Amlodipine Valsartan Combination Therapy in Primary Care. European Society of Hypertension, 17th European Meeting on Hypertension, Milan, Italy, June 2007
   Google Scholar
• Jackson K, Brixner DI, Oderda G, et al. Compliance and Economic Outcomes with Valsartan and HCTZ Combination Therapy for Hypertensive Patients. American Society of Hypertension, June 2007
   Google Scholar
• Biskupiak J, Brixner D, Keskinaslan A. Effectiveness of multiple-mechanism antihypertensive medication: valsartan-amlodipine-HCTZ triple-therapy in primary care. ISPOR 10th Annual European Congress, Dublin, Ireland, October 21, 2007
   Google Scholar
• Department of Veteran Affairs: Facility Directory. Available at: http://www.appc1.va.gov/directory/guide/map_flsh.asp Accessed on: Jun 22, 2007
   Google Scholar
• Gurwitz JH, Bohn RL, Glynn RJ, et al. Antihypertensive drug therapy and the initiation of treatment for diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:273–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gress TW, Nieto FJ, Shahar E, et al. Hypertension and anti-hypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. N Engl J Med 2000;342:905–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner JF, Prochazka AV. The assessment of refill compliance using pharmacy records: methods, validity, and applications. J Clin Epidemiol 1997;50:105–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf-Maier K, Cooper RS, Kramer H, et al. Hypertension treatment and control in five European countries, Canada, and the United States. Hypertension. 2004;43:10–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okonofua EC, Simpson KN, Jesri A, et al. Therapeutic inertia is an impediment to achieving the healthy people 2010 blood pressure control goals. Hypertension 2006;47:345–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright JT Jr, Agodoa L, Contreras G, et al. Successful blood pressure control in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension. Arch Intern Med 2002;162:1636–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berl T, Hunsicker LG, Lewis JB, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes in the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial of patients with type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:542–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walley T, Duggan AK, Haycox AR, Niziol CJ. Treatment for newly diagnosed hypertension: patterns of prescribing and antihypertensive effectiveness in the UK. J R Soc Med. 2003;96:525–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pittrow D, Kirch W, Bramlage P, et al. Patterns of antihypertensive drug utilization in primary care. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2004;60:135–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degli Esposti E, Sturani A, Degli Esposti L, et al. Pharmaco-utilization of antihypertensive drugs: a model of analysis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001;39:251–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Inciardi JF, McMahon K, Sauer BL. Factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension in an affluent, elderly population. Ann Pharmacother 2003;37:485–9
   Google Scholar
• Wannemacher AJ, Schepers GP, Townsend KA. Antihypertensive medication compliance in a Veterans Affairs healthcare system. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:986–91
   Google Scholar
• Berlowitz DR, Ash AS, Hickey EC, et al. Inadequate management of blood pressure in a hypertensive population. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:1957–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel D, Lopez J, Meier J, Cunningham F. Changes in the pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in the department of Veterans Affairs 1997–1999: decreased use of calcium antagonists and increased use of beta-blockers and thiazide diuretics. Am J Hypertens 2001;14:957–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raji MA, Kuo Y, Salazar JA, et al. Ethnic differences in anti-hypertensive medication use in the elderly. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:209–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diagnosis and management of hypertension in the primary care setting. Washington, DC: VA/DoD Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline Working Group, Veterans Health Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs, and Health Affairs, Department of Defense, November 1999. Office of Quality and Performance publication 10Q-CPG/HTN-99. (Update 2004). Office of Quality and Performance publication 10Q-CPG/HTN–04
   Google Scholar
• Peltzer K. Health beliefs and prescription medication compliance among diagnosed hypertension clinic attenders in a rural South African hospital. Curationis 2004;27:15–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wetzels GEC, Nelemans P, Schouten JS, Prins MH. Facts and fiction of poor compliance as a cause of inadequate blood pressure control: a systematic review. J Hypertens 2004;22:1849–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldman DP, Joyce GF, Escarce JJ, et al. Pharmacy benefits and the use of drugs by the chronically ill. JAMA 2004;291:2344–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gross R, Zhang Y, Grossberg R. Medication refill logistics and refill adherence in HIV. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2005;14:789–93
   Google Scholar
• Burt VL, Cutler JA, Higgins M, et al. Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the adult U.S. population. Data from the health examination surveys, 1960 to 1991. Hypertension 1995;26: 60–9
   Google Scholar
• Gronvall JA. The VA’s affiliation with academic medicine: an emergency post-war strategy becomes a permanent partnership. Academic Med 1989;64:61–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strom BL, ed., Pharmacoepidemiology, 3rd edn. Chichester: Wiley, 2004
   Google Scholar