252
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

A double-blind, randomized study evaluating losartan potassium monotherapy or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide versus placebo in obese patients with hypertension

, , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 1101-1114 | Accepted 15 Feb 2008, Published online: 06 Mar 2008

References

  • Ingelsson E, Sullivan LM, Fox CS, et al. Burden and prognostic importance of subclinical cardiovascular disease in overweight and obese individuals. Circulation 2007;116:375–84
  • Mikhail N, Golub MS, Tuck ML. Obesity and hypertension. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1999;42:39–58
  • Brown CD, Higgins M, Donato KA, et al. Body mass index and the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Obes Res 2000;8:605–19
  • Garrison RJ, Kannel WB, Stokes J, et al. Incidence and precursors of hypertension in young adults: the Framingham Offspring Study. Prev Med 1987;16:235–51
  • Bramlage P, Pittrow D, Wittchen HU, et al. Hypertension in overweight and obese primary care patients is highly prevalent and poorly controlled. Am J Hypertens 2004;17:904–10
  • Calle EE, Thun MJ, Petrelli JM, et al. Body-mass index and mortality in a prospective cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med 1999;341:1097–105
  • Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003;289:2560–72. Erratum in: JAMA 2003;290: 197
  • Tuck ML, Sowers J, Dornfeld L, et al. The effect of weight reduction on blood pressure, plasma renin activity, and plasma aldosterone levels in obese patients. NEJM 1981;304:930–3
  • Engeli S, Bohnke J, Gorzelniak K, et al. Weight loss and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Hypertension 2005;45:356–62
  • Messerli FH, Christie B, DeCarvalho JG, et al. Obesity and essential hypertension. Hemodynamics, intravascular volume, sodium excretion, and plasma renin activity. Arch Intern Med 1981;141:81–5
  • Hall JE, Brands MW, Dixon WN, et al. Obesity-induced hypertension. Renal function and systemic hemodynamics. Hypertension 1993;22:292–9
  • de Simone G, Wachtell K, Palmieri V, et al. Body build and risk of cardiovascular events in hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. The LIFE (Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension) study. Circulation 2005;111:1924–31
  • Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002;359:995–1003
  • Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Dahlöf B, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002;359:1004–10
  • Kizer JR, Dahlöf B, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Stroke reduction in hypertensive adults with cardiac hypertrophy randomized to losartan versus atenolol. The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Hypertension 2005;45:46–52
  • Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. Risk of newonset diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study. J Hypertens 2002;20:1879–86
  • Devereux RB, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, et al. Blood pressure reduction and antihypertensive medication use in the losartan intervention for endpoint in hypertension (LIFE) study in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Curr Med Res Opin 2007;23:259–70
  • Goldstein LB, Adams R, Becker K, et al. Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. Stroke 2001;32:280–99
  • Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 2004;364:937–52
  • Moan A, Hoieggen A, Nordby G, et al. Effects of losartan on insulin sensitivity in severe hypertension: connections through sympathetic nervous system activity? J Hum Hypertens 1995;9:545–50
  • Paolisso G, Tagliamonte MR, Gambardella A, et al. Losartanmediated improvement in insulin action is mainly due to an increase in non-oxidative glucose metabolism and blood flow in insulin-resistant hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens 1997;11:307–12
  • Moan A, Risanger T, Eide I, et al. The effect of angiotensin II receptor blockade on insulin sensitivity and sympathetic nervous system activity in primary hypertension. Blood Press 1994;3:185–8
  • Aksnes TA, Reims HM, Guptha S, et al. Improved insulin sensitivity with the angiotensin II‑receptor blocker losartan in patients with hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors. J Hum Hypertens 2006;20:860–6
  • Cheetham C, O’Driscoll G, Stantons K, et al. Losartan, an angiotensin type I receptor antagonist, improves conduit vessel endothelial function in type I diabetes. Clin Sci 2001; 100:13–7
  • Cheetham C, Collis J, O’Driscoll G, et al. Losartan, an angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist, improves endothelial function in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36: 1461–6
  • Deng YB, Yang HY, Li CL, et al. Angiotensin receptor antagonist losartan improves endothelial function of epicardial coronary arteries in patients with essential hypertension. Clin Cardiol 2002;25:422–8
  • Deng YB, Wang DW, Li CL, et al. Effects of angiotensin receptor antagonist losartan on the response of the left main coronary artery to cold pressor test in patients with essential hypertension as assessed by echocardiography. Can J Cardiol 2002;18:389–96
  • Erdem Y, Usalan C, Haznedaroglu IC, et al. Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptor inhibition on impaired fibrinolysis in systemic hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1999;11:1071–6
  • Graninger, M, Reiter R, Drucker C, et al. Angiotensin receptor blockade decreases markers of vascular inflammation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2004;44:335–9
  • Makris TK, Stavroulakis G, Papadopoulos DP, et al. Eprosartan effect on fibrinolytic/hemostatic variables in arterial hypertension: a comparative study to losartan. Drugs Exp Clin Res 2004;3:125–32
  • Prasad A, Tupas-Habib T, Schenke WS, et al. Acute and chronic angiotensin‑1 receptor antagonism reverses endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Circulation 2000;101:2349–54
  • White M. Cardioprotective effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Can J Cardiol 1999;15:10F–4
  • Fliser D, Buchholz K, Haller H; EUropean Trial on Olmesartan and Pravastatin in Inflammation and Atherosclerosis (EUTOPIA) Investigators. Antiinflammatory effects of angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor blockade in hypertensive patients with microinflammation. Circulation 2004;110: 1103–7
  • Milne GL, Sanchez SC, Musiek ES, et al. Quantification of F2-isoprotanes as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Nat Protoc 2007;2:221–6
  • Jordan J, Engeli S, Boye SW, et al. Direct renin inhibition with aliskiren in obese patients with arterial hypertension. Hypertension 2007;49:1047–55
  • Jordan J, Engeli S, Boschmann M, et al. Hemodynamic and metabolic responses to valsartan and atenolol in obese hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2005;23:2313–8
  • Reisin E, Weir MR, Falkner B, et al. Lisinopril versus hydrochlorothiazide in obese hypertensive patients: a multicenter placebo-controlled trial. Treatment in Obese Patients With Hypertension (TROPHY) Study Group. Hypertension 1997; 30:140–5
  • de Simone G, Palmieri V, Bella JN, et al. Association of left ventricular hypertrophy with metabolic risk factors: the HyperGEN study. J Hypertens 2002;20:323–31
  • Xu H J, Barnes GT, Yang O, et al. Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2003;112:1821–30
  • Wellen KE, Hotamisligil GS. Obesity-induced inflammatory changes in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 2003;112:1785–8
  • De Michele M, Panico S, Iannuzzi A, et al. Association of obesity and central fat distribution with carotid artery wall thickening in middle-aged women. Stroke 2002;33:2923–8
  • Fox CS, Massaro JM, Hoffman U, et al. Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2007;116:39–48
  • Rahmouni K, Correia ML, Haynes WG, et al. Obesity-associated hypertension: new insights into mechanisms. Hypertension 2005;45:9–14
  • Visser M, Bouter LM, McQuillan GM, et al. Elevated C-reactive protein levels in overweight and obese adults. JAMA 1999;282:2131–5
  • Traupe T, Lang M, Goettsch W, et al. Obesity increases prostanoid-mediated vasoconstriction and vascular thromboxane receptor gene expression. J Hypertens 2002;20:2239–45
  • Ridker PM, Danielson E, Rifai N, et al. Valsartan, blood pressure reduction, and C‑reactive protein: primary report of the Val-MARC trial. Hypertension 2006;48:73–9
  • Festa A, D’Agostino R Jr, Williams K, et al. The relation of body fat mass and distribution to markers of chronic inflammation. Intl J Obes Rel Metab Disord 2001;25:1407–15
  • Kramer C, Sunkomat J, Witte J, et al. Angiotensin II receptorindependent antiinflammatory and antiaggregatory properties of losartan: role of the active metabolite EXP3179. Circ Res 2002;90:770–6
  • Schmidt B, Schieffer B. Angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists. Clinical implications of active metabolites. J Med Chem 2003;46:2261–70
  • Katugampola SD, Davenport AP. Thromboxane receptor density is increased in human cardiovascular disease with evidence for inhibition at therapeutic concentrations by the AT(1) receptor antagonist losartan. Br J Pharmacol 2001;134:1385–92
  • Ibsen H, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcomes on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy? The LIFE study. Diabetes Care 2006;29:595–600

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.