Mixed treatment comparison and meta-regression of the efficacy and safety of prostaglandin analogues and comparators for primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension

References

• RNIB Campaign report 24 – Tunnel vision: Improving the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma in the UK. Available at www.rnib.org.uk/xpedio/groups/public/documents/publicwebsite/public_glaucomaexesum.doc.www. rnib.org.uk/xpedio/groups/public/documents/publicwebsite/public_glaucomaexesum.doc
   Google Scholar
• RNIB Campaign report 27 Don't blame the patient. Available at: http://www.rnib.org.uk/xpedio/groups/public/documents/publicwebsite/public_ dontblamethepatientp.pdf
   Google Scholar
• National Statistics. Registered blind and partially sighted people. Year ending 31 March 2006. Available at: http://www.ic.nhs.uk/pubs/blindeng06/report/file
   Google Scholar
• European Glaucoma Society. Terminology and Guidelines for Glaucoma, 2nd edn 2003
   Google Scholar
• Vass C, Findl O, Sycha T, et al. Medical interventions for primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Chichester, UK: John Wiley, 2004
   Google Scholar
• Armaly MF, Krueger DE, Maunder L, et al. Biostatistical analysis of the collaborative glaucoma study. I. Summary report of the risk factors for glaucomatous visual-field defects. Arch Ophthalmol 1980;98:2163-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) Investigators. AGIS: 7.The relationship between control of intraocular pressure and visual field deterioration. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;130:429-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heijl A, Leske MC, Bengtsson B, et al. Reduction of intraocular pressure and glaucoma progression: results from the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial. Arch Ophthalmol 2002;120:1268-79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kass MA, et al. The Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study. A randomised trial determines that topical hypotensive medication delays or prevents the onset of primary open-angle glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 2002;120:701-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinreb RN, et al. Risk assessment in the management of patients with ocular hypertension. Am J Ophthalmol 2004;138:458-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NICE Clinical Guideline 85. Glaucoma: diagnosis and management of chronic open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/index.jsp?action=byID&o=11644. London2009
   Google Scholar
• Hughes E, Spry P, Diamond J. 24-Hour monitoring of intraocular pressure in glaucoma management: a retrospective review. J Glaucoma 2003;12:232-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen CG, Carey IM, De Wilde S, et al. The epidemiology of medical treatment for glaucoma and ocular hypertension in the United Kingdom: 1994 to 2003. Br J Ophthalmol 2006;90:861-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor SA, Galbraith SM, Mills RP. Causes of non-compliance with drug regimens in glaucoma patients: a qualitative study. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2002;18:401-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chawla A, McGalliard JN, Batterbury M. Use of eyedrops in glaucoma: how can we help to reduce non-compliance? Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2007;85:464
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herndon LW, Brunner TM, Rollins JN. The glaucoma research foundation patient survey: patient understanding of glaucoma and its treatment. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;141:S22-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman DS, Quigley HA, Gelb L, et al. Using pharmacy claims data to study adherence to glaucoma medications: methodology and findings of the Glaucoma Adherence and Persistency Study (GAPS). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:5052-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell DM, Ades AE, Higgins JP. Simultaneous comparison of multiple treatments: combining direct and indirect evidence. Br Med J 2005;331:897-900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton A, Ades AE, Cooper N, et al. Use of indirect and mixed treatment comparisons for technology assessment. Pharmacoeconomics 2008;26:753-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu G, Ades AE. Combination of direct and indirect evidence in mixed treatment comparisons. Stat Med 2004;23:3105-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucher H, Guyatt G, Griffith L, et al. The results of direct and indirect treatment comparisons in meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Epidemiol 1997;50:683-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glenny AM, Altman DG, Song F, et al. Indirect comparisons of competing interventions. Health Technol Assess 2005;9:1-134, iii-iv
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruyama K, Shirato S. Additive effect of dorzolamide or carteolol to latanoprost in primary open-angle glaucoma: a prospective randomized crossover trial. J Glaucoma 2006;15:341-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutton AJ, Abrams KR. Bayesian methods in meta-analysis and evidence synthesis. Stat Methods Med Res 2001;10:277-303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spiegelhalter DJ, Abrams KR, Myles JP. Bayesian Approaches to Clinical Trials and Health Care Evaluation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley
   Google Scholar
• The BUGS Project. http://www.mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk/bugs/welcome.shtml
   Google Scholar
• Ades A, Sculpher M, et al. Bayesian methods for evidence synthesis in cost-effectiveness analysis. Pharmacoeconomics 2006;24:1-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson SG, Sharp SJ. Explaining heterogeneity in meta-analysis: a comparison of methods. Stat Med 30 1999;18:2693-708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Houwelingen HC, Arends LR, Stijnen T. Advanced methods in meta-analysis: multivariate approach and meta-regression. Stat Med 28 2002;21:589-624
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alm A, Schoenfelder J, McDermott J. A 5-year, multicenter, open-label, safety study of adjunctive latanoprost therapy for glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122:957-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsukamoto H, Noma H, Mukai S, et al. The efficacy and ocular discomfort of substituting brinzolamide for dorzolamide in combination therapy with latanoprost, timolol, and dorzolamide. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2005;21:395-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orme M, Loftus J, Collins S. Modelling the long-term clinical outcomes of medical management of primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. ISPOR 11th Annual European Congress, 8–11 November 2008:PSS34
   Google Scholar
• NHS. Do Once And Share (DOAS) glaucoma project. http://www.doasglaucoma.org/ 2006
   Google Scholar
• Bonomi L, Marchini G, Marraffa M, et al. Prevalence of glaucoma and intraocular pressure distribution in a defined population. The Egna-Neumarkt Study. Ophthalmology 1998;105:209-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davanger M, Ringvold A, Blika S, et al. Frequency distribution of IOP. Analysis of a material using the gamma distribution. Acta Ophthalmol Copenh 1991;69:561-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman DS, Hahn SR, Gelb L, et al. Doctor-patient communication, health-related beliefs, and adherence in glaucoma. Results from the Glaucoma Adherence and Persistency Study. Ophthalmology 2008;115:1320-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller ME, van der Velde N, Krulder JW, et al. Syncope and falls due to timolol eye drops. Br Med J 2006;332:960-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson WL, Fraunfelder FT, Sills JM, et al. Adverse respiratory and cardiovascular events attributed to timolol ophthalmic solution, 1978-1985. Am J Ophthalmol 1986;102:606-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everitt DE, Avorn J. Systemic effects of medications used to treat glaucoma. Ann Intern Med 1990;112:120-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leier CV, Baker ND, Weber PA. Cardiovascular effects of ophthalmic timolol. Ann Intern Med 1986;104:197-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vander Zanden JA, Valuck RJ, Bunch CL, et al. Systemic adverse effects of ophthalmic beta-blockers. Ann Pharmacother 2001;35:1633-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• British National Formulary. British National Formulary 56, 2008
   Google Scholar
• Boger WP 3rd. Shortterm “escape” and longterm “drift.” The dissipation effects of the beta adrenergic blocking agents. Surv Ophthalmol 1983;28:235-42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen JS, Gross RL, Cheetham JK, et al. Two-year double-masked comparison of bimatoprost with timolol in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Surv Ophthalmol 2004;49:S45-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cher I. Transfer to timolol: selective use of a new mode of therapy. Aust J Ophthalmol 1980;8:165-72
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) Investigators. AGIS: 7.The relationship between control of intraocular pressure and visual field deterioration. Am J Ophthalmol 2000;130:429-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alm A, Stjernschantz J. Effects on intraocular pressure and side-effects of 0.005% latanoprost applied once daily, evening or morning. A comparison with timolol. Scandinavian Latanoprost Study Group. Ophthalmology 1995;102:1743-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alm A, Widengard I, Kjellgren D, et al. Latanoprost administered once daily caused a maintained reduction of intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients treated concomitantly with timolol.[see comment]. Br J Ophthalmol 1995;79:12-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnebey HS, Orengo Nania S, Flowers BE, et al. The safety and efficacy of travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% fixed combination ophthalmic solution. Am J Ophthalmol 2005;140:1-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bojic L, Mandic Z, Novak-Laus K, et al. A study of replacement of timolol-pilocarpine with latanoprost in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Collegium Antropologicum 2003;27:729-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucci MG. Intraocular pressure-lowering effects of latanoprost monotherapy versus latanoprost or pilocarpine in combination with timolol: a randomized, observer-masked multicenter study in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Italian Latanoprost Study Group. J Glaucoma 1999;8:24-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camras CB. Comparison of latanoprost and timolol in patients with ocular hypertension and glaucoma: a six-month masked, multicenter trial in the United States. The United States Latanoprost Study Group. Ophthalmology 1996;103:138-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camras CB, Sheu WP. United States Latanoprost Brimonidine Study Group. Latanoprost or brimonidine as treatment for elevated intraocular pressure: multicenter trial in the United States. J Glaucoma 2005;14:161-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantor L, Hoop J, Morgan L, et al. Intraocular pressure-lowering efficacy of bimatoprost 0.03% and travoprost 0.004% in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol 2006;90:1370-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cellini M, Caramazza R, Bonsanto D, et al. Prostaglandin analogs and blood-aqueous barrier integrity: a flare cell meter study. Int J Ophthalmol 2004;218:312-17
   Google Scholar
• Coleman AL, Lerner F, Bernstein P, et al. A 3-month randomized controlled trial of bimatoprost (LUMIGAN) versus combined timolol and dorzolamide (Cosopt) in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Ophthalmology 2003;110:2362-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day DG, Sharpe ED, Beischel CJ, et al. Safety and efficacy of bimatoprost 0.03% versus timolol maleate 0.5%/dorzolamide 2% fixed combination. Eur J Ophthalmol 2005;15:336-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denis P, Andrew R, Wells D, et al. A comparison of morning and evening instillation of a combination travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution. Eur J Ophthalmol 2006;16:407-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diestelhorst M. The additive intraocular pressure-lowering effect of latanoprost 0.005% daily once and pilocarpine 2% t.i.d. in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. a 6-month, randomized, multicenter study. German Latanoprost Study Group. Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 2000;238:433-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diestelhorst M, Almegard B. Comparison of two fixed combinations of latanoprost and timolol in open-angle glaucoma. Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 1998;236:577-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diestelhorst M, Larsson LI; European Latanoprost Fixed Combination Study Group. A 12 week study comparing the fixed combination of latanoprost and timolol with the concomitant use of the individual components in patients with open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:199-203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diestelhorst M, Larsson LI; European Canadian Latanoprost Fixed Combination Study Group. A 12-week, randomized, double-masked, multicenter study of the fixed combination of latanoprost and timolol in the evening versus the individual components. Ophthalmology 2006;113:70-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diestelhorst M, Roters S, Krieglstein GK. The effect of latanoprost 0.005% once daily versus 0.0015% twice daily on intraocular pressure and aqueous humour protein concentration in glaucoma patients. A randomized, double-masked comparison with timolol 0.5%. Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 1997;235:20-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DuBiner H, Cooke D, Dirks M, et al. Efficacy and safety of bimatoprost in patients with Elevated intraocular pressure: A 30-day comparison with latanoprost. Surv Ophthalmol 2001;S4:S353-60
   Google Scholar
• DuBiner HB, Mroz M, Shapiro AM, et al. A comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of brimonidine and latanoprost in adults with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a three-month, multicenter, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group trial. Clin Ther 2001;23:1969-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmerich KH. Comparison of latanoprost monotherapy to dorzolamide combined with timolol in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. A 3-month randomised study. Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 2000;238:19-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erkin EF, Celik P, Kayikçio, et al. A. Effects of latanoprost and betaxolol on cardiovascular and respiratory status of newly diagnosed glaucoma patients. Int J Ophthalmol 2006;220:332-7
   Google Scholar
• Fechtner RD, Airaksinen PJ, Getson AJ, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5% combination (COSOPT) versus 0.005% (XALATAN) in the treatment of ocular hypertension or glaucoma: results from two randomized clinical trials. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2004;82:42-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fellman R, Sullivan E, Ratliff M, et al. Comparison of travoprost 0.0015% and 0.004% with timolol 0.5% in patients with elevated intraocular pressure: A 6-month, masked, multicenter trial. Ophthalmology 2002;131:998-1008
   Google Scholar
• Franks W, Renard J, Cunliffe I, et al. A 6-week, double-masked, parallel-group study of the efficacy and safety of travoprost 0.004% compared with latanoprost 0:005%/timolol 0.5% in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Clin Ther 2006;28:332-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandolfi S, Simmons S, Sturm R, et al. Three-month comparison of bimatoprost and latanoprost in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Advan Ther 2001;18:110-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Feijoo J, Martinez-de-la-Casa J, Castillo A, et al. Circadian IOP-lowering efficacy of travoprost 0.004% ophthalmic solution compared to latanoprost 0.005%. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:1689-97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Sanchez J. Efficacy and side effects of latanoprost monotherapy compared to adding dorzolamide to timolol in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension – a three-month randomised study. Spanish Latanoprost Study Group. Eur J Ophthalmol 2000;10:198-204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Sanchez J, Rouland JF, Spiegel D, et al. A comparison of the fixed combination of latanoprost and timolol with the unfixed combination of brimonidine and timolol in patients with elevated intraocular pressure. A six month, evaluator masked, multicentre study in Europe. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:877-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedman K, Larsson LI. The effect of latanoprost compared with timolol in African-American, Asian, Caucasian, and Mexican open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertensive patients. Surv Ophthalmol 2002;47(Suppl 1):S77-89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higginbotham EJ, Schuman JS, Goldberg I, et al. One year, randomizing study comparing bimatoprost and timolol in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Arch Ophthalmol 2002;120:1286-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higginbotham EJ, Feldman R, Stiles M, et al. Latanoprost and timolol combination therapy vs monotherapy: one-year randomized trial. Arch Ophthalmol 2002;120:915-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holló G, Chiselita D, Petkova N, et al. The efficacy and safety of timolol maleate versus brinzolamide each given twice daily added to travoprost in patients with ocular hypertension or primary open-angle glaucoma. Eur J Ophthalmol 2006;16:816-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hommer A; Ganfort Investigators Group I. A double-masked, randomized, parallel comparison of a fixed combination of bimatoprost 0.03%/timolol 0.5% with non-fixed combination use in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Eur J Ophthalmol 2007;17:53-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honrubia FM, Larsson LI, Spiegel D; European Latanoprost Study Group. A comparison of the effects on intraocular pressure of latanoprost 0.005% and the fixed combination of dorzolamide 2% and timolol 0.5% in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2002;80:635-41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hughes B, Bacharach J, Craven E, et al. A three-month, multicenter, double-masked study of the safety and efficacy of travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution compared to travoprost 0.004% ophthalmic solution and timolol 0.5% dosed concomitantly in subjects with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. J Glaucoma 2005;14:392-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inan UU, Ermis SS, Yucel A, et al. The effects of latanoprost and brimonidine on blood flow velocity of the retrobulbar vessels: a 3-month clinical trial. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2003;81:155-60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Italian Multicentric Open Randomized Study under the aegis of A.I.S.G. Final results and official report. Hypotensive efficacy in primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension: latanoprost in monotherapy vs timolol and dorzolamide in association. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2000:49-50
   Google Scholar
• Januleviciene I, Harris A, Kagemann L, et al. A comparison of the effects of dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination versus latanoprost on intraocular pressure and pulsatile ocular blood flow in primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2004;82:730-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kampik A, Arias Puente A, O'Brart DP, et al. Intraocular pressure-lowering effects of latanoprost and brimonidine therapy in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a randomized observer-masked multicenter study. J Glaucoma 2002;11:90-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitnarong N, Zhao Y, Netland PA, et al. Efficacy of latanoprost and timolol maleate in black and white patients. Advan Ther 2004;21:203-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konstas AG, Mantziris DA, Maltezos A, et al. Comparison of 24 hour control with Timoptic 0.5% and Timoptic-XE 0.5% in exfoliation and primary open-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1999;77:541-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Konstas AG, Boboridis K, Tzetzi D, et al. Twenty-four-hour control with latanoprost-timolol-fixed combination therapy vs latanoprost therapy. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:898-902
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konstas AGP, Karabatsas CH, Lallos N, et al. 24-hour intraocular pressures with brimonidine purite versus dorzolamide added to latanoprost in primary open-angle glaucoma subjects. Ophthalmology 2005;112:603-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konstas AG, Katsimbris JM, Lallos N, et al. Latanoprost 0.005% versus bimatoprost 0.03% in primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Ophthalmology 2005;112:262-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konstas AG, Kozobolis VP, Lallos N, et al. Daytime diurnal curve comparison between the fixed combinations of latanoprost 0.005%/timolol maleate 0.5% and dorzolamide 2%/timolol maleate 0.5%. Eye 2004;18:1264-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konstas AG, Lake S, Economou AI, et al. 24-Hour control with a latanoprost-timolol fixed combination vs timolol alone. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124:1553-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konstas AG, Mikropoulos D, Kaltsos K, et al. 24-hour intraocular pressure control obtained with evening- versus morning-dosed travoprost in primary open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2006;113:446-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konstas AG, Nakos E, Tersis I, et al. A comparison of once-daily morning vs evening dosing of concomitant latanoprost/timolol. Am J Ophthalmol 2002;133:753-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Konstas AG, Papapanos P, Tersis I, et al. Twenty-four-hour diurnal curve comparison of commercially available latanoprost 0.005% versus the timolol and dorzolamide fixed combination. Ophthalmology 2003;110:1357-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laibovitz RA, VanDenburgh AM, Felix C, et al. Comparison of the ocular hypotensive lipid AGN 192024 with timolol: dosing, efficacy, and safety evaluation of a novel compound for glaucoma management. Arch Ophthalmol 2001;119:994-1000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson L-I. Intraocular pressure over 24 hours after repeated administration of latanoprost 0.005% or timolol gel-forming solution 0.5% in patients with ocular hypertension. Ophthalmology 2001;108:1439-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson L-I. Effect on intraocular pressure during 24 hours after repeated administration of the fixed combination of latanoprost 0.005% and timolol 0.5% in patients with ocular hypertension. J Glaucoma 2001;10:109-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lass JH, Eriksson GL, Osterling L, et al. Comparison of the corneal effects of latanoprost, fixed combination latanoprost-timolol, and timolol: A double-masked, randomized, one-year study. Ophthalmology 2001;108:264-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manni G, Centofanti M, Parravano M, et al. A 6-month randomized clinical trial of bimatoprost 0.03% versus the association of timolol 0.5% and latanoprost 0.005% in glaucomatous patients. Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 2004;242:767-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin E, Martinez de la Casa JM, Garcia Feijoo J, et al. A 6-month assessment of bimatoprost 0.03% vs timolol maleate 0.5%: hypotensive efficacy, macular thickness and flare in ocular-hypertensive and glaucoma patients. Eye 2007;21:164-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez A, Sanchez M. A comparison of the effects of 0.005% latanoprost and fixed combination dorzolamide/timolol on retrobulbar haemodynamics in previously untreated glaucoma patients. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:67-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez de la Casa JM, Castillo A, Garcia Feijoo J, et al. Concomitant administration of travoprost and brinzolamide versus fixed latanoprost/timolol combined therapy: three-month comparison of efficacy and safety. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:1333-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishima HK, Masuda K, Kitazawa Y, et al A comparison of latanoprost and timolol in primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. A 12-week study. Arch Ophthalmol 1996;114:929-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Netland P, Landry T, Sullivan E, et al. Travoprost compared with latanoprost and timolol in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;132:472-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niazi MK, Raja N. Comparison of latanoprost and dorzolamide in the treatment of patients with open angle glaucoma. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2004;16:50-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Noecker RJ, Earl ML, Mundorf TK, et al. Comparing bimatoprost and travoprost in black Americans. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:2175-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noecker R, Dirks M, Choplin N, et al. A six-month randomized clinical trial comparing the intraocular pressure-lowering efficacy of bimatoprost and latanoprost in patients with ocular hypertension or glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;135:55-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donoghue E, Austin M, Bates K, et al. A comparison of latanoprost and dorzolamide in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension: A 3 month, randomised study. Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84:579-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olander K, Zimmerman T, Downes N, et al. Switching from latanoprost to fixed-combination latanoprost-timolol: A 21-day, randomized, double-masked, active-control study in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Clin Ther 2004;26:1619-29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orengo-Nania S, Landry T, Von Tress M, et al. Evaluation of travoprost as adjunctive therapy in patients with uncontrolled intraocular pressure while using timolol 0.5%. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;132:860-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orzalesi N, Rossetti L, Bottoli A, et al. Comparison of the effects of latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost on circadian intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Ophthalmology 2006;113:239-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orzalesi N, Rossetti L, Bottoli A, et al. The effect of latanoprost, brimonidine, and a fixed combination of timolol and dorzolamide on circadian intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:453-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orzalesi N, Rossetti L, Invernizzi T, et al. Effect of timolol, latanoprost, and dorzolamide on circadian IOP in glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000;41:2566-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozdemir M, Ozdemir G. Comparison of the intraocular pressure lowering effect of latanoprost and carteolol-pilocarpine combination in newly diagnosed glaucoma. Japan J Ophthalmol 2003;47:72-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozturk F, Ermis SS, Inan UU. Comparison of the ocular hypotensive effects of bimatoprost and timolol-dorzolamide combination in patients with elevated intraocular pressure: a 6-month study. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2007;85:80-3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parrish RK, Palmberg P, Sheu WP, et al. A comparison of latanoprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost in patients with elevated intraocular pressure: a 12-week, randomized, masked-evaluator multicenter study. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;135:688-703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petounis A, Mylopoulos N, Kandarakis A, et al. Comparison of the additive intraocular pressure-lowering effect of latanoprost and dorzolamide when added to timolol in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension: a randomized, open-label, multicenter study in Greece. J Glaucoma 2001;10:316-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeiffer N; European Latanoprost Fixed Combination Study Group. A comparison of the fixed combination of latanoprost and timolol with its individual components. Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol 2002;240:893-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polo V, Larrosa JM, Ferreras A, et al. Latanoprost vs combined therapy with timolol plus dorzolamide in open-angle glaucoma: a 24-month study. Ann Ophthalmol 2005;37:33-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quaranta L, Gandolfo F, Turano R, et al. Effects of topical hypotensive drugs on circadian IOP, blood pressure, and calculated diastolic ocular perfusion pressure in patients with glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47:2917-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reis R, Queiroz CF, Santos LC, et al. A randomized, investigator-masked, 4-week study comparing timolol maleate 0.5%, brinzolamide 1%, and brimonidine tartrate 0.2% as adjunctive therapies to travoprost 0.004% in adults with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Clin Ther 2006;28:552-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuman J, Katz G, Lewis R, et al. Efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of travoprost 0.004%/timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution once daily for open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Am J Ophthalmol 2005;140:242-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shin DH, Feldman RM, Sheu WP; Fixed Combination Latanoprost/Timolol Study Group. Efficacy and safety of the fixed combinations latanoprost/timolol versus dorzolamide/timolol in patients with elevated intraocular pressure. Ophthalmology 2004;111:276-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sihota R, Saxena R, Agarwal HC, et al. Peak pressures: crossover study of timolol and latanoprost. Eur J Ophthalmol 2003;13:546-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sodhi PK, Pandey RM, Ratan SK. Efficacy and safety of brimonidine, dorzolamide and latanoprost as adjunctive therapy in primary open angle glaucoma. Int J Clin Pract 2003;57:875-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart WC, Day DG, Stewart JA, et al. The efficacy and safety of latanoprost 0.005% once daily versus brimonidine 0.2% twice daily in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Am J Ophthalmol 2001;131:631-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart WC, Stewart JA, Day D, et al. Efficacy and safety of timolol maleate/latanoprost fixed combination versus timolol maleate and brimonidine given twice daily. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2003;81:242-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stewart WC, Stewart JA, Day DG, et al. Efficacy and safety of the latanoprost/timolol maleate fixed combination vs concomitant brimonidine and latanoprost therapy. Eye (Lond) 2004;18:990-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Susanna R, Jr Sheu W-P, et al. Comparison of latanoprost with fixed-combination dorzolamide and timolol in adult patients with elevated intraocular pressure: an eight-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, multicenter study in Latin America. Clin Ther 2004;26:755-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki ER, Jr Franklin LM, da Silva LJB, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of travoprost with a fixed-combination of dorzolamide and timolol in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:1799-805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamer C, Oksuz H. Circadian intraocular pressure control with dorzolamide versus timolol maleate add-on treatments in primary open-angle glaucoma patients using latanoprost. Ophthalmic Res 2007;39:24-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldock A, Snape J, Graham CM. Effects of glaucoma medications on the cardiorespiratory and intraocular pressure status of newly diagnosed glaucoma patients. Br J Ophthalmol 2000;84:710-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters T, DuBiner H, Carpenter S, et al. 24-Hour IOP control with once-daily bimatoprost, timolol gel-forming solution, or latanoprost: a 1-month, randomized, comparative clinical trial. Surv Ophthalmol 2004;49:S26-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson P, Stjernschantz J. A six-month, randomized, double-masked study comparing latanoprost with timolol in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The Latanoprost Study Group. Ophthalmology 1996;103:126-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ziai N, Dolan J, Kacere R, et al. The effects on aqueous dynamics of PhXA41, a new prostaglandin F(2alpha) analogue, after topical application in normal and ocular hypertensive human eyes. Arch Ophthalmol 1993;111:1351-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar