Statin loading in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes: a new pleiotropic effect?

References

• Patti G, Pasceri V, Colonna G et al. Atorvastatin pretreatment improves outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing early percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the ARMYDA-ACS randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:1272-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasceri V, Patti G, Nusca A et al.; ARMYDA Investigators. Randomized trial of atorvastatin for reduction of myocardial damage during coronary intervention: results from the ARMYDA (Atorvastatin for Reduction of MYocardial Damage during Angioplasty) study. Circulation 2004;110:674-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patti G, Chello M, Pasceri V et al. Protection from procedural myocardial injury by atorvastatin is associated with lower levels of adhesion molecules after percutaneous coronary intervention results from the ARMYDA-CAMs (Atorvastatin for Reduction of MYocardial Damage during Angioplasty-Cell Adhesion Molecules) Substudy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:1560-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yun KH, Jeong MH, Oh SK et al. The beneficial effect of high loading dose of rosuvastatin before percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Int J Cardiol 2009;137:246-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Sciascio G, Patti G, Pasceri V et al. Efficacy of atorvastatin reload in patients on chronic statin therapy undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the ARMYDA-RECAPTURE (Atorvastatin for Reduction of Myocardial Damage During Angioplasty) Randomized Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:558-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinlay S, Schwartz GG, Olsson AG et al.; Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) Study Investigators. Effect of atorvastatin on risk of recurrent cardiovascular events after an acute coronary syndrome associated with high soluble CD40 ligand in the Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) Study. Circulation 2004;110:386-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson CM, Pride YB, Hochberg CP, et al.; TIMI Study Group. Effect of intensive statin therapy on clinical outcomes among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome. PCI-PROVE IT: A PROVE IT-TIMI 22 (Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy – Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 22) Substudy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:2290-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH et al.; the Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy – Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 22 Investigators. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2004;350:1495-504
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athyros VG, Kakafika AI, Karagiannis A, et al. Do we need to consider inflammatory markers when we treat atherosclerotic disease? Atherosclerosis 2008;200:1-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athyros VG, Kakafika AI, Tziomalos K et al. Pleiotropic effects of statins – clinical evidence. Curr Pharm Des 2009;15:479-89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piana RN, Paik GY, Moscucci M et al. Incidence and treatment of ‘no-reflow’ after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 1994; 89:2514-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morishima I, Sone T, Okumura K et al. Angiographic no-reflow phenomenon as a predictor of adverse long-term outcome in patients treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for first acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:1202-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morishima I, Sone T, Mokuno S et al. Clinical significance of no-reflow phenomenon observed on angiography after successful treatment of acute myocardial infarction with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Am Heart J 1995;130:239-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong SN, Ahn Y, Hwang SH et al. Usefulness of preprocedural N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in predicting angiographic no-reflow phenomenon during stent implantation in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2007;100:631-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia XW, Fu XH, Zhang J et al. Intensive cholesterol lowering with statin improves the outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Chin Med J (Engl) 2009;122:659-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paraskevas KI, Athyros VG, Briana DD et al. Statins exert multiple beneficial effects on patients undergoing percutaneous revascularization procedures. Curr Drug Targets 2007;8:942-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwakura K, Ito H, Kawano S et al. Chronic pre-treatment of statins is associated with the reduction of the no-reflow phenomenon in the patients with reperfused acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2006;27:534-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasceri V, Patti G, Di Sciascio G. Prevention of myocardial damage during coronary intervention. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2006;6:77-83
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kwak B, Mulhaupt F, Myit S, et al. Statins as a newly recognized type of immunomodulatory. Nat Med 2000;6:1399-402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker PM, Cannon CP, Morrow D, et al.; Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy – Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22 (PROVE-ITTIMI 22) Investigators. C-reactive protein levels and outcomes after statin therapy. N Engl J Med 2005;352:20-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonarow GC, Wright RS, Spencer FA et al. Effect of statin use within the first 24 hours of admission for acute myocardial infarction on early morbidity and mortality. Am J Cardiol 2005;96:611-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsiara S, Elisaf M, Mikhailidis DP. Early vascular benefits of statin therapy. Curr Med Res Opin 2003;19:540-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray KK, Cannon CP. Early time to benefit with intensive statin treatment: could it be the pleiotropic effects? Am J Cardiol 2005;96(5A):54F-60F
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray KK, Cannon CP. The potential relevance of the multiple lipidindependent (pleiotropic) effects of statins in the management of acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:1425-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Lemos JA, Blazing MA, Wiviott SD et al.; A to Z Investigators. Early intensive vs a delayed conservative simvastatin strategy in patients with acute coronary syndromes: phase Z of the A to Z trial. JAMA 2004;292:1307-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nissen SE. High-dose statins in acute coronary syndromes: not just lipid levels. JAMA 2004;292:1365-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Ezekowitz MD et al. Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: the MIRACL study. A randomized controlled trial JAMA 2001;285:1711-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briguori C, Visconti G, Focaccio A et al. Novel approaches for preventing or limiting events (Naples) II trial: impact of a single high loading dose of atorvastatin on periprocedural myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;54:2157-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paraskevas KI, Liapis CD, Hamilton G, et al. Can statins reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing non-cardiac vascular surgery? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006;32:286-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar