704
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Cardiology: Review Article

Long-term benefits of preventing venous thromboembolic events

Pages 877-889 | Accepted 23 Apr 2012, Published online: 24 May 2012

References

  • Cohen AT, Agnelli G, Anderson FA, et al. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Europe. The number of VTE events and associated morbidity and mortality. Thromb Haemost 2007;98:756-64.
  • Heit JA, Cohen AT, Anderson FA, on behalf of the VTE Impact Assessment Group. Estimated annual number of incident and recurrent, non-fatal and fatal venous thromboembolism (VTE) events in the US. Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2005;106. Abstract 910.
  • The Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalised Patients; Second Report of Session 2004–05. House of Commons Health Committee, 2005. Available at: http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmhealth/99/99.pdf [Last accessed 9 February 2012].
  • Spyropoulos AC, Hurley JS, Ciesla GN, et al. Management of acute proximal deep vein thrombosis: pharmacoeconomic evaluation of outpatient treatment with enoxaparin vs inpatient treatment with unfractionated heparin. Chest 2002;122:108-14.
  • Spyropoulos A, Lin J. Direct medical costs of venous thromboembolism and subsequent hospital readmission rates: an administrative claims analysis from 30 managed care organizations. J Manag Care Pharm 2007;13:475-86.
  • Sullivan SD, Kahn SR, Davidson BL, et al. Measuring the outcomes and pharmacoeconomic consequences of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in major orthopaedic surgery. Pharmacoeconomics 2003;21:477-96.
  • Cohen AT, Tapson VF, Bergmann JF, et al. Venous thromboembolism risk and prophylaxis in the acute hospital care setting (ENDORSE study): a multinational cross-sectional study. Lancet 2008;371:387-94.
  • Kearon C, Kahn SR, Agnelli G, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th edn). Chest 2008;133:454S-545S.
  • Schellong SM, Bounameaux H, Buller H. Venous thromboembolism. In: Camm AJ, Lüscher TF, Serruys PW, eds. The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009:1335-58.
  • Caprini JA, Tapson VF, Hyers TM, et al. Treatment of venous thromboembolism: adherence to guidelines and impact of physician knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs. J Vasc Surg 2005;42:726-33.
  • Arepally G, Bauer KA, Bhatt DL, et al. The use of antithrombotic therapies in the prevention and treatment of arterial and venous thrombosis: a survey of current knowledge and practice supporting the need for clinical education. Crit Pathw Cardiol 2010;9:41-8.
  • Heit JA, Mohr DN, Silverstein MD, et al. Predictors of recurrence after deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based cohort study. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:761-8.
  • Prandoni P, Noventa F, Ghirarduzzi A, et al. The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism after discontinuing anticoagulation in patients with acute proximal deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. A prospective cohort study in 1,626 patients. Haematologica 2007;92:199-205.
  • Hirsh J, Bauer KA, Donati MB, et al. Parenteral anticoagulants: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 2008;133:141-59S.
  • Rajgopal R, Bear M, Butcher MK, et al. The effects of heparin and low molecular weight heparins on bone. Thromb Res 2008;122:293-8.
  • Ansell J, Hirsh J, Hylek E, et al. Pharmacology and management of the vitamin K antagonists: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th edn). Chest 2008;133:160S-98S.
  • Oake N, Fergusson DA, Forster AJ, et al. Frequency of adverse events in patients with poor anticoagulation: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 2007;176:1589-94.
  • Rose AJ, Ozonoff A, Grant RW, et al. Epidemiology of subtherapeutic anticoagulation in the United States. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2009;2:591-7.
  • Girard P, Musset D, Parent F, et al. High prevalence of detectable deep venous thrombosis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Chest 1999;116:903-8.
  • Goldhaber SZ. Pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 1998;339:93-104.
  • Kearon C. Natural history of venous thromboembolism. Circulation 2003;107:I22-30.
  • Dobesh PP. Economic burden of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients. Pharmacotherapy 2009;29:943-53.
  • Baglin T. What happens after venous thromboembolism? J Thromb Haemost 2009;7(Suppl 1):287-90..
  • Hansson PO, Sorbo J, Eriksson H. Recurrent venous thromboembolism after deep vein thrombosis: incidence and risk factors. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:769-74.
  • Prandoni P, Lensing AW, Prins MH, et al. Residual venous thrombosis as a predictive factor of recurrent venous thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:955-60.
  • Eichinger S, Heinze G, Jandeck LM, et al. Risk assessment of recurrence in patients with unprovoked deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism: the Vienna prediction model. Circulation 2010;121:1630-6.
  • The EINSTEIN Investigators. Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2010;363:2499-510.
  • Schulman S, Baanstra D, Eriksson H, et al. Dabigatran versus placebo for extended maintenance therapy of venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost 2011;9(Suppl 2):22. Abstract O-MO-037.
  • Agnelli G, Prandoni P, Santamaria MG, et al. Three months versus one year of oral anticoagulant therapy for idiopathic deep venous thrombosis. Warfarin Optimal Duration Italian Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med 2001;345:165-9.
  • Goldhaber SZ. Prevention of recurrent idiopathic venous thromboembolism. Circulation 2004;110:IV20-4.
  • Agnelli G, Becattini C. Treatment of DVT: how long is enough and how do you predict recurrence. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2008;25:37-44.
  • Bullano MF, Willey V, Hauch O, et al. Longitudinal evaluation of health plan cost per venous thromboembolism or bleed event in patients with a prior venous thromboembolism event during hospitalization. J Manag Care Pharm 2005;11:663-73.
  • Ashrani AA, Heit JA. Incidence and cost burden of post-thrombotic syndrome. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2009;28:465-76.
  • Kahn SR. Frequency and determinants of the postthrombotic syndrome after venous thromboembolism. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2006;12:299-303.
  • Prandoni P, Kahn SR. Post-thrombotic syndrome: prevalence, prognostication and need for progress. Br J Haematol 2009;145:286-95.
  • Kahn SR. The post-thrombotic syndrome. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2010;2010:216-20.
  • Kahn SR, Ginsberg JS. Relationship between deep venous thrombosis and the postthrombotic syndrome. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:17-26.
  • Kahn SR, Solymoss S, Lamping DL, et al. Long-term outcomes after deep vein thrombosis: postphlebitic syndrome and quality of life. J Gen Intern Med 2000;15:425-9.
  • Kahn SR, Shrier I, Julian JA, et al. Determinants and time course of the postthrombotic syndrome after acute deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med 2008;149:698-707.
  • van Dongen CJ, Prandoni P, Frulla M, et al. Relation between quality of anticoagulant treatment and the development of the postthrombotic syndrome. J Thromb Haemost 2005;3:939-42.
  • Kahn SR. How I treat postthrombotic syndrome. Blood 2009;114:4624-31.
  • Stain M, Schonauer V, Minar E, et al. The post-thrombotic syndrome: risk factors and impact on the course of thrombotic disease. J Thromb Haemost 2005;3:2671-6.
  • MacDougall DA, Feliu AL, Boccuzzi SJ, et al. Economic burden of deep-vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and post-thrombotic syndrome. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2006;63:S5-S15.
  • Ramacciotti E, Gomes M, de Aguiar ET, et al. A cost analysis of the treatment of patients with post-thrombotic syndrome in Brazil. Thromb Res 2006;118:699-704.
  • Pengo V, Lensing AW, Prins MH, et al. Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2257-64.
  • Lang I. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Br J Haematol 2010;149:478-83.
  • Klok FA, Huisman MV. Epidemiology and management of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Neth J Med 2010;68:347-51.
  • Tapson VF, Humbert M. Incidence and prevalence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: from acute to chronic pulmonary embolism. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2006;3:564-7.
  • Condliffe R, Kiely DG, Gibbs JS, et al. Improved outcomes in medically and surgically treated chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;177:1122-7.
  • Fanikos J, Piazza G, Zayaruzny M, et al. Long-term complications of medical patients with hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 2009;102:688-93.
  • Hirsh J, Guyatt G, Albers GW, et al. Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th edn). Chest 2008;133:110-12S.
  • Torbicki A, Perrier A, Konstantinides S, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2008;29:2276-315.
  • Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med 2009;361:2342-52.
  • Bayer HealthCare AG. Xarelto (rivaroxaban) Summary of Product Characteristics. 2012. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000944/WC500057108.pdf [Last accessed 15 February 2012].
  • Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH. Pradaxa (dabigatran etexilate) Summary of Product Characteristics. 2011. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000829/WC500041059.pdf [Last accessed 6 January 2012].
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer EEIG. Eliquis (apixaban) Summary of Product Characteristics. 2011. Available at: http://www.eliquis.com/PDF/ELIQUIS%20®%20(apixaban)%20SmPC.pdf [Last accessed 6 February 2012].
  • The EINSTEIN–PE Investigators. Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2012;366:1287-97.
  • Schulman S, Ericsson H, Goldhaber SZ, et al. Dabigatran or warfarin for extended maintenance therapy of venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Haemost 2011;9 (Suppl 2):731. Abstract O-TH-033.
  • Leo Laboratories Limited. Heparin (mucous) injection BP Summary of Product Characteristics. 2010. Available at: http://www.medicines.org.uk/EMC/medicine/8308 [Last accessed 12 December 2011].
  • Glaxo Group Ltd. Arixtra (fondaparinux sodium 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg injection) Summary of Product Characteristics. 2011. Available at: http://emc.medicines.org.uk/medicine/15937 [Last accessed 12 December 2011].
  • Sanofi-Aventis. Clexane (enoxaparin sodium) Summary of Product Characteristics. 2011. Available at: http://www.sanofi-aventis.co.uk/products/Clexane_SPC.pdf [Last accessed 28 February 2012].
  • Sandoz Ltd. Warfarin (warfarin sodium 3 mg tablets) Summary of Product of Characteristics. 2010. Available at: http://www.drugs.com/uk/warfarin-3-mg-tablets-sandoz-ltd-spc-8827.html [Last accessed 6 March 2012].
  • Nutescu EA. Antithrombotic therapy for the treatment of venous thromboembolism. Am J Manag Care 2003;9:S103-14.
  • Schulman S, Kakkar AK, Schellong SM, et al. A randomized trial of dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism (RE-COVER II). Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2011;118. Abstract 205.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.