1,298
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Insulin plus incretin agent combination therapy in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review

Pages 431-445 | Accepted 25 Sep 2013, Published online: 13 Nov 2013

References

  • U.K. prospective diabetes study 16. Overview of 6 years' therapy of type II diabetes: a progressive disease. U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Diabetes 1995;44:1249-58
  • Canadian Diabetes Association. Clinical Practice Guidelines. Can J Diabetes 2013;37(Suppl 1):S1-212
  • Handelsman Y, Mechanick JI, Blonde L, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan. Endocr Pract 2011;17(Suppl 2):1-53
  • Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach: position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 2012;35:1364-79
  • Ross SA, Ekoe JM. Incretin agents in type 2 diabetes. Can Fam Physician 2010;56:639-48
  • Drucker DJ, Lovshin J, Baggio L, et al. New developments in the biology of the glucagon-like peptides GLP-1 and GLP-2. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000;921:226-32
  • Lovshin JA, Drucker DJ. Incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2009;5:262-9
  • Nisal K, Kela R, Khunti K, Davies MJ. Comparison of efficacy between incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Med 2012;10:152
  • Sheffield CA, Kane MP, Busch RS, et al. Safety and efficacy of exenatide in combination with insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract 2008;14:285-92
  • Thong KY, Jose B, Sukumar N, et al. Safety, efficacy and tolerability of exenatide in combination with insulin in the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists nationwide exenatide audit. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011;13:703-10
  • Mulligan CM, Harper R, Harding J, et al. A retrospective audit of type 2 diabetes patients prescribed liraglutide in real-life clinical practice. Diabetes Ther 2013;4:147-51
  • Vora J, Bain SC, Damci T, et al. Incretin-based therapy in combination with basal insulin: a promising tactic for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab 2013;39:6-15
  • Holst JJ, Vilsboll T. Combining GLP-1 receptor agonists with insulin: therapeutic rationales and clinical findings. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;15:3-14
  • Buse JB, Rosenstock J, Sesti G, et al. Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6). Lancet 2009;374:39-47
  • Pratley R, Nauck M, Bailey T, et al. One year of liraglutide treatment offers sustained and more effective glycaemic control and weight reduction compared with sitagliptin, both in combination with metformin, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial. Int J Clin Pract 2011;65:397-407
  • Ratner R, Han J, Nicewarner D, et al. Cardiovascular safety of exenatide BID: an integrated analysis from controlled clinical trials in participants with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2011;10:22
  • Hirsch IB, Buse JB, Leahy J, et al. Options for prandial glucose management in type 2 diabetes patients using basal insulin: addition of a short-acting GLP-1 analogue versus progression to basal–bolus therapy. Diabetes Obes Metab. [Epub ahead of print 2013 May 27]
  • Levin PA, Mersey JH, Zhou S, Bromberger LA. Clinical outcomes using long-term combination therapy with insulin glargine and exenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract 2012;18:17-25
  • Balena R, Hensley IE, Miller S, Barnett AH. Combination therapy with GLP-1 receptor agonists and basal insulin: a systematic review of the literature. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;15:485-502
  • Lane W, Weinrib S, Rappaport J. The effect of liraglutide added to U-500 insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes and high insulin requirements. Diabetes Technol Ther 2011;13:592-5
  • Nayak UA, Govindan J, Baskar V, et al. Exenatide therapy in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and obesity. QJM 2010;103:687-94
  • Viswanathan P, Chaudhuri A, Bhatia R, et al. Exenatide therapy in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin. Endocr Pract 2007;13:444-50
  • Degn KB, Brock B, Juhl CB, et al. Effect of intravenous infusion of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) on glucose-dependent insulin secretion and counterregulation during hypoglycemia. Diabetes 2004;53:2397-403
  • Berg JK, Shenouda SK, Heilmann CR, et al. Effects of exenatide twice daily versus sitagliptin on 24-h glucose, glucoregulatory and hormonal measures: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011;13:982-9
  • van Genugten RE, van Raalte DH, Diamant M. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and preservation of pancreatic islet-cell function: a critical appraisal of the evidence. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012;14:101-11
  • Harris SB, Kapor J, Lank CN, et al. Clinical inertia in patients with T2DM requiring insulin in family practice. Can Fam Physician 2010;56:e418-24
  • Ross SA, Tildesley HD, Ashkenas J. Barriers to effective insulin treatment: the persistence of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2011;27(Suppl 3):13-20
  • Leiter LA, Berard L, Bowering CK, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus management in Canada: is it improving? Can J Diabetes 2013;37:82-9
  • Wu N, Aagren M, Boulanger L, et al. Assessing achievement and maintenance of glycemic control by patients initiating basal insulin. Curr Med Res Opin 2012;28:1647-56
  • Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. Trajenta Product Monograph. August 29, 2013
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada. Onglyza Product Monograph. April 30, 2013
  • Merck Canada Inc. Januvia Product Monograph. February 18, 2013
  • Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. Jentadueto Product Monograph. March 6, 2013
  • Merck Canada Inc. Janumet Product Monograph. February 18, 2013
  • Bristol-Myers Squibb Canada. Komboglyze Product Monograph. September 20, 2012
  • Thong KY, Jose B, Blann AD, et al. Response at 3 months to insulin dose decisions made at exenatide initiation in the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) nationwide exenatide audit. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011;93:e87-91
  • Hollander P, Raslova K, Skjoth TV, et al. Efficacy and safety of insulin detemir once daily in combination with sitagliptin and metformin: the TRANSITION randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011;13:268-75
  • Cornell S. Differentiating among incretin therapies: a multiple-target approach to type 2 diabetes. J Clin Pharm Ther 2012;37:510-24
  • Moore KB, Saudek CD. Therapeutic potential of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors in patients with diabetes mellitus. Am J Ther 2008;15:484-91
  • Goossen K, Graber S. Longer term safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. [Epub ahead of print 2012 Apr 20]
  • Barnett AH, Charbonnel B, Donovan M, et al. Effect of saxagliptin as add-on therapy in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes on insulin alone or insulin combined with metformin. Curr Med Res Opin 2012;28:513-23
  • Hong ES, Khang AR, Yoon JW, et al. Comparison between sitagliptin as add-on therapy to insulin and insulin dose-increase therapy in uncontrolled Korean type 2 diabetes: CSI study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012;14:795-802
  • Vilsboll T, Rosenstock J, Yki-Jarvinen H, et al. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin when added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2010;12:167-77
  • Yki-Järvinen H, Rosenstock J, Durán-Garcia S, et al. Effects of adding linagliptin to basal insulin regimen for inadequately controlled Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. [Epub ahead of print 2013 September 23]
  • Singh DP. Study of efficacy and safety of sitagliptin in patients of type 2 diabetes when added to insulin therapy alone or with metformin. June 21--25, 2013, Chicago, Illinois. American Diabetes Association, 2013
  • Barnett AH, Charbonnel B, Li J, et al. Saxagliptin add-on therapy to insulin with or without metformin for type 2 diabetes mellitus: 52-week safety and efficacy. Clin Drug Investig 2013;33:707--17
  • Inzucchi SE, Nauck M, von Eynatten M, et al. Lower risk of hypoglycemia in elderly Type 2 diabetes patients when linagliptin is added to basal insulin: an exploratory analysis. June 21--25, 2013, Chicago, Illinois. American Diabetes Association, 2013
  • Best JH, Lavillotti K, DeYoung MB, Garrison LP. The effects of exenatide bid on metabolic control, medication use and hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in clinical practice: a systematic review. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012;14:387-98
  • Yoon NM, Cavaghan MK, Brunelle RL, Roach P. Exenatide added to insulin therapy: a retrospective review of clinical practice over two years in an academic endocrinology outpatient setting. Clin Ther 2009;31:1511-23
  • Avramidis I, Spyronidonou C, Stoimenis D, Lalia A. Optimizing glycemic control in T2DM patients previously treated with intensive insulin therapy and switched to exenatide–insulin glargine combination. June 21--25, 2013, Chicago, Illinois. American Diabetes Association, 2013
  • Buse JB, Bergenstal RM, Glass LC, et al. Use of twice-daily exenatide in basal insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2011;154:103-12
  • Barnett AH, Burger J, Johns D, et al. Tolerability and efficacy of exenatide and titrated insulin glargine in adult patients with type 2 diabetes previously uncontrolled with metformin or a sulfonylurea: a multinational, randomized, open-label, two-period, crossover noninferiority trial. Clin Ther 2007;29:2333-48
  • Eli Lilly Canada. Byetta Product Monograph. July 27, 2012
  • Diamant M, Shaginian R, Malone J, et al. Exenatide BID vs. Insulin lispro TIDM added to titrated insulin glargine QD in metformin-treated T2DM patients resulted in similar glycemic control but weight loss and less hypoglycemia: The 4B study. June 21--25, 2013, Chicago, Illinois. American Diabetes Association, 2013
  • Rosenstock J, Shenouda SK, Bergenstal RM, et al. Baseline factors associated with glycemic control and weight loss when exenatide twice daily is added to optimized insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012;35:955-8
  • Li CJ, Li J, Zhang QM, et al. Efficacy and safety comparison between liraglutide as add-on therapy to insulin and insulin dose-increase in Chinese subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes and abdominal obesity. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012;11:142
  • Rappaport J, Lane W, Weinrib SCH. A randomized trial comparing the addition of liraglutide to high dose intensive insulin therapy vs insulin up-titration in Type 2 diabetes. European Association for the Study of Diabetes, 2013: Presentation 900. 23--27 September 2013, Barcelona, Spain
  • Owens DR. Stepwise intensification of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes management – exploring the concept of the basal-plus approach in clinical practice. Diabet Med 2013;30:276-88
  • Mathieu C, Rodbard HW, Cariou B, et al. Comparison of addition of liraglutide to insulin degludec plus metformin vs. addition of a single dose of rapid-acting insulin analog to largest meal in Type 2 diabetes. June 21--25, 2013, Chicago, Illinois. American Diabetes Association, 2013
  • Pratley RE, Nauck M, Bailey T, et al. Liraglutide versus sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have adequate glycaemic control with metformin: a 26-week, randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial. Lancet 2010;375:1447-56
  • Scheen AJ, Radermecker RP. Addition of incretin therapy to metformin in type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2010;375:1410-12
  • Arnolds S, Dellweg S, Clair J, et al. Further improvement in postprandial glucose control with addition of exenatide or sitagliptin to combination therapy with insulin glargine and metformin: a proof-of-concept study. Diabetes Care 2010;33:1509-15
  • Riddle M, Ahmann A, Basu A, et al. Metformin+Exenatide+Basal Insulin vs Metformin+Placebo+Basal Insulin: Reaching A1c <6.5% without Weight-Gain or Serious Hypoglycemia. June 25--29, 2010 Orlando, Florida. American Diabetes Association, 2010: Presentation 18-LB
  • DeVries JH, Bain SC, Rodbard HW, et al. Sequential intensification of metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes with liraglutide followed by randomized addition of basal insulin prompted by A1C targets. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1446-54
  • Rosenstock J, Rodbard HW, Bain SC, et al. One-year sustained glycemic control and weight reduction in type 2 diabetes after addition of liraglutide to metformin followed by insulin detemir according to HbA target. J Diabetes Complications 2013;27:492-500
  • Blevins T, Han J, Nicewarner D, et al. Exenatide is non-inferior to insulin in reducing HbA1c: an integrated analysis of 1423 patients with type 2 diabetes. Postgrad Med 2010;122:118-28
  • Russell-Jones D, Vaag A, Schmitz O, et al. Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2009;52:2046-55
  • Holman RR, Farmer AJ, Davies MJ, et al. Three-year efficacy of complex insulin regimens in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1736-47
  • Kunt T, Snoek FJ. Barriers to insulin initiation and intensification and how to overcome them. Int J Clin Pract Suppl 2009;164:6-10
  • Morrow L, Hompesch M, Guthrie H, et al. Co-administration of liraglutide with insulin detemir demonstrates additive pharmacodynamic effects with no pharmacokinetic interaction. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011;13:75-80
  • Monami M, Cremasco F, Lamanna C, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Exp Diabetes Res 2011;2011:215764
  • Monami M, Dicembrini I, Nardini C, et al. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular risk: a metanalysis of randomised clinical trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. [Epub ahead of print 2013 Jul 6]
  • Scirica BM, Bhatt DL, Braunwald E, et al. Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1317-26
  • Singh S, Chang HY, Richards TM, et al. Glucagonlike peptide 1-based therapies and risk of hospitalization for acute pancreatitis in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based matched case–control study. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:534-9
  • Butler AE, Campbell-Thompson M, Gurlo T, et al. Marked expansion of exocrine and endocrine pancreas with incretin therapy in humans with increased exocrine pancreas dysplasia and the potential for glucagon-producing neuroendocrine tumors. Diabetes 2013;62:2595-604
  • Elashoff M, Matveyenko AV, Gier B, et al. Pancreatitis, pancreatic, and thyroid cancer with glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies. Gastroenterology 2011;141:150-6
  • Kahn SE. Incretin therapy and islet pathology – a time for caution. Diabetes 2013;62:2178-80
  • Romley JA, Goldman DP, Solomon M, et al. Exenatide therapy and the risk of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in a privately insured population. Diabetes Technol Ther 2012;14:904-11
  • Fonseca V, Baron M, Shao Q, Dejager S. Sustained efficacy and reduced hypoglycemia during one year of treatment with vildagliptin added to insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Horm Metab Res 2008;40:427-30
  • Fonseca V, Schweizer A, Albrecht D, et al. Addition of vildagliptin to insulin improves glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2007;50:1148-55
  • Kothny W, Foley J, Kozlovski P, et al. Improved glycaemic control with vildagliptin added to insulin, with or without metformin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;15:252-7
  • Lukashevich V, Schweizer A, Foley JE, et al. Efficacy of vildagliptin in combination with insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe renal impairment. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2013;9:21-8
  • Rosenstock J, Rendell MS, Gross JL, et al. Alogliptin added to insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes reduces HbA(1C) without causing weight gain or increased hypoglycaemia. Diabetes Obes Metab 2009;11:1145-52
  • Riddle MC, Aronson R, Home P, et al. Adding once-daily lixisenatide for type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by established basal insulin: a 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled comparison (GetGoal-L). Diabetes Care 2013;36:2489-96
  • Riddle MC, Forst T, Aronson R, et al. Adding once-daily lixisenatide for type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with newly initiated and continuously titrated basal insulin glargine: a 24-week, randomized, placebo-controlled study (GetGoal-Duo 1). Diabetes Care 2013;36:2497-503
  • Seino Y, Min KW, Niemoeller E, Takami A. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on basal insulin with or without a sulfonylurea (GetGoal-L-Asia). Diabetes Obes Metab 2012;14:910-17
  • Rosenstock J, Germe M, Wang E, et al. Expanding the basal-plus regimen: basal insulin + lixisenatide is more likely to achieve the composite outcome of HbA1c <7% no documented symptomatic hypoglycemia and no weight gain compared with basal + prandial insulin. June 21--25, 2013, Chicago, Illinois. American Diabetes Association, 2013
  • Rosenstock J, Ahren B, Chow FC, et al. Once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist albiglutide vs. titrated prandial lispro added on to titrated basal insulin glargine in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) uncontrolled on glargine plus oral agents: similar glycemic control with weight loss and less hypoglycemia. June 8--12, 2012, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. American Diabetes Association, 2012
  • Buse JB, Gough SCL, Woo V, et al. IDegLira, a novel fixed-ratio combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide, is efficacious and safe in subjects with Type 2 diabetes: a large, randomized Phase 3 trial. June 21--25, 2013, Chicago, Illinois. American Diabetes Association, 2013
  • Novo Nordisk Canada Inc. Victoza Product Monograph. August 23, 2013
  • Novo Nordisk Canada Inc. Levemir Product Monograph. August 23, 2013
  • Woerle HJ, Neubacher D, Patel S, Von Eynatten M. Safety and efficacy of linagliptin and basal insulin combination therapy in elderly patients (age >= 70 years) with type 2 diabetes (T2D). J Amer Soc Geriatrics 2013;61(Suppl 1):S31-2

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.