A critical appraisal of probiotics (as drugs or food supplements) in gastrointestinal diseases

References

• Huff BA. ‘Probiotics’ might not be what they seem. Can Fam Physician 2004;50:583-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szajewska H. Advances and limitations of evidence-based medicine – impact for probiotics. Ann Nutr Metab 2010;57:6-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen SJ, Martinez EG, Gregorio GV, et al. Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;10:CD003048
   Google Scholar
• Szajewska H, Skórka A. Saccharomyces boulardii for treating acute gastroenteritis in children: updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009;30:955-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szajewska H, Skorka A, Dylag M. Meta-analysis: Saccharomyces boulardii for treating acute diarrhoea in children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;25:257-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dinleyici EC, Eren M, Ozen M, et al. Effectiveness and safety of Saccharomyces boulardii for acute infectious diarrhea. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2012;12:395-410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chmielewska A, Ruszczyński M, Szajewska H. Lactobacillus reuteri strain ATCC 55730 for the treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea in children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pediatria Współczesna [Polish]. Gastroenterologia, Hepatologia i Żywienie Dziecka 2008;10:33-7
   Google Scholar
• Rosander A, Connolly E, Roos S. Removal of antibiotic resistance plasmids from Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55 730 and characterization of the resulting daughter strain, L reuteri DSM 17 938. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008;74:6032-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francavilla R, Lionetti E, Castellaneta S, et al. Randomised clinical trial: Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 vs. placebo in children with acute diarrhoea – a double-blind study. Aliment Pharmcol Ther 2012;36:363-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen CC, Kong MS, Lai MW, et al. Probiotics have clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic efficacy in acute infectious diarrhea. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2010;29:135-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandy G, Medina M, Soria R, et al. Probiotics in the treatment of acute rotavirus diarrhoea. A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial using two different probiotic preparations in Bolivian children. BMC Infect Dis 2010;10:253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rerksuppaphol S, Rerksuppaphol L. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum stored at ambient temperature are effective in the treatment of acute diarrhoea. Ann Trop Paediatr 2010;30:299-304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutta P, Mitra U, Dutta S, et al. Randomised controlled clinical trial of Lactobacillus sporogenes (Bacillus coagulans), used as probiotic in clinical practice, on acute watery diarrhoea in children. Trop Med Int Health 2011;16:555-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guarino A, Albano F, Ashkenazi S, et al. European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition; European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases. European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition/European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute gastroenteritis in children in Europe. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008;46:S81-122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas DW, Greer FR; American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition; American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. Probiotics and prebiotics in pediatrics. Pediatrics 2010;126:1217-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Souza AL, Rajkumar C, Cooke J, et al. Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: meta-analysis. Br Med J 2002;324:1361-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cremonini F, Di Caro S, Nista EC, et al. Meta-analysis: the effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002;16:1461-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szajewska H, Mrukowicz J. Meta-analysis: non-pathogenic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:365-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawrelak JA, Whitten DL, Myers SP. Is Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG effective in preventing the onset of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea: a systematic review. Digestion 2005;72:51-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hempel S, Newberry SJ, Maher AR, et al. Probiotics for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2012;307:1959-69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szajewska H, Ruszczynski M, Radzikowski A. Probiotics in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Pediatr 2006;149:367-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston BC, Ma SS, Goldenberg JZ, et al. Probiotics for the prevention of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Inter Med 2012;157:878-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surawicz CM, Brandt LJ, Binion DG, et al. Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:478-98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schutze GE, Willoughby RE; Committee on Infectious Diseases; American Academy of Pediatrics. Clostridium difficile infection in infants and children. Pediatrics 2013;131:196-200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szajewska H, Wanke M, Patro B. Meta-analysis: the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supplementation for the prevention of healthcare-associated diarrhoea in children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;34:1079-87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong JL, Ran ZH, Shen J, et al. Meta-analysis: the effect of supplementation with probiotics on eradication rates and side effects during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;25:155-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lactobacillus- and Bifidobacterium-containing yogurt can improve the efficacy of quadruple therapy in eradicating residual Helicobacter pylori infection after failed triple therapy. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:864-9
   Google Scholar
• Tursi A, Brandimarte G, Giorgetti GM, et al. Effet of Lactobacillus case supplementation on the effectiveness and tolerability of a new second-line 10-day quadruple therapy after failure of a first attempt to cure helicobacter pylori infection. Med Sci Monit 2004;10:662-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szajewska H, Horvath A, Piwowarczyk A. Meta-analysis: the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication rates and side effects during treatment. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;32:1069-79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O’Morain CA, et al. European Helicobacter Study Group. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection – the Maastricht IV/Florence Consensus Report. Gut 2012;61:646-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarland LV. Meta-analysis of probiotics for the prevention of traveler’s diarrhea. Travel Med Infect Dis 2007;5:97-105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McFarland LV, Dublin S. Meta-analysis of probiotics for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2008;14:2650-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• US department of health and human services; Food and drug administration; CDER. Guidance for Industry: Irritable Bowel Syndrome – Clinical Evaluation of Drugs for Treatment. 2012. Available at: www.fda.gov
   Google Scholar
• Hamad A, Fragkos KC, Forbes A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of probiotics for the management of radiation induced bowel disease. Clin Nutr 2013;32:353-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kollaritsch H, Holst H, Grobara P, et al. Prevention of traveler’s diarrhea with Saccharomyces boulardii. Results of a placebo controlled double-blind study. Fortschr Med 1993;111:152-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schneider SM. Microbiota and enteral nutrition. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2010;34:S57-61
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Besirbellioglu BA, Ulcay A, Can M, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii and infection due to Guardia lamblia. Scand J Infect Dis 2006;38:479-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansour-Ghanaei F, Dehbashi N, Yazdanparast K, et al. Efficacy of Saccharomyces boulardii with antibiotics in acute amoebiasis. World J Gastroenterol 2003;9:1832-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hummelen R, Hemsworth J, Changalucha J, et al. Effect of micronutriment and probiotic fortified yogurt on immune-function of anti-retroviral therapy naive HIV patients. Nutrients 2011;3:897-909
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klatt NR, Canary LA, Sun X, et al. Probiotic/prebiotic supplementation of antiretrovirals improves gastrointestinal immunity in SIV-infected macaques. J Clin Invest 2013;123:903-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trois L, Cardoso EM, Miura E. Use of probiotics in HIV-infected children: a randomized double-blind controlled study. J Trop Pediatr 2008;54:19-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salminen MK, Tynkkynen S, Rautelin H, et al. The efficacy and safety of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on prolonged, noninfectious diarrhea in HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy: a randomized, a placebo-controlled, crossover study. HIV Clin Trials 2004;5:183-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saint Marc T, Rossello-Prats L, Touraine JL. Eficacité de Saccharomyces boulardii dans le traitement des diarrhées du SIDA. Ann Med Int 1991;142:64-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shen J, Zuo ZX, Mao AP. Effect of probiotics on inducing remission and maintaining therapy in ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and pouchitis: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014;20:21-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naidoo K, Gordon M, Fagbemi AO, et al. Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;12:CD007443
   Google Scholar
• Rolfe VE, Fortun PJ, Hawkey CJ, et al. Probiotics for maintenance of remission in Crohn’s disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;18:CD004826
   Google Scholar
• Bourreille A, Cadiot G, Le Dreau G, et al. Saccharomyces boulardii does not prevent relapse of Crohn’s disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;11:982-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO/WHO. Guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food. London, Ontario, Canada. 30 April and 1 May 2002. Available at: ftp://ftp.fao.org/es/esn/food/wgreport2.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Szajewszka H, Fordymacka A, Bardowski J, et al. Microbiologica land genetic analysis of probiotic products licensed for medicinal purposes. Med Sci Monit 2004;10:BR346-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton-Miller JM, Shah S, et al. Public health issues arising from microbiological and labelling quality of foods and supplements containing probiotic microorganisms. Public Health Nutr 1999;2:223-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton-Miller JM, Shah S, Smith CT. ‘Probiotic’ remedies are not what they seem. BMJ 1996;312:55-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcobal A, Underwood MA, Mills DA. Rapid determination of the bacterial composition of commercial probiotic products by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008;46:608-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masco L, Huys G, De Brandt E, et al. Culture-dependent and culture-independent qualitative analysis of probiotic products claimed to contain bifidobacteria. Int J Food Microbiol 2005;102:221-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Temmerman R, Pot B, Huys G, et al. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates from probiotic products. Int J Food Micr 2002;81:1-10
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar