The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for the treatment of dyslipidemia: mind the gaps!

References

• Pencina MJ, Navar-Boggan AM, D’Agostino RB Sr, et al. Application of New Cholesterol Guidelines to a Population-Based Sample. N Engl J Med 2014: published online 19 March 2014, doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1315665
   Google Scholar
• Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Merz CN, et al. Implications of recent clinical trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:720-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone NJ, Robinson J, Lichtenstein AH, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013: published online 7 November 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.002
   Google Scholar
• Goff DC Jr, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013: published online 12 November 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.005
   Google Scholar
• American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology. 2013 Prevention Guidlines Tools: CV risk calculator. Available at: http://my.americanheart.org/professional/StatementsGuidelines/Prevention%20Guidelines/PreventionGuidelines_UCM_457698_SubHomePage.jsp. Last accessed 1 May 2014
   Google Scholar
• Mikhailidis DP, Athyros VG. Dyslipidaemia in 2013: new statin guidelines and promising novel therapeutics. Nat Rev Cardiol 2014;11:72-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker PM, Cook NR. Statin guidelines and the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Lancet 2013;382:1762-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker PM1, Cook NR2. Refining the American guidelines for prevention of cardiovascular disease – authors’ reply. Lancet 2014;383:600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keaney JF Jr, Curfman GD, Jarcho JA. A pragmatic view of the new cholesterol treatment guidelines. N Engl J Med 2014;370:275-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fruchart JC, Sacks F, Hermans MP, et al. The Residual Risk Reduction Initiative: a call to action to reduce residual vascular risk in patients with dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiol 2008;102(10 Suppl):1-34K
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller M, Cannon CP, Murphy SA, et al.; PROVE IT-TIMI 22 Investigators. Impact of triglyceride levels beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after acute coronary syndrome in the PROVE IT-TIMI 22 trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:724-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ; ACCORD Study GroupGinsberg HN, Elam MB, Lovato LC, et al. Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1563-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genest J, McPherson R, Frohlich J, et al. 2009 Canadian Cardiovascular Society/Canadian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease in the adult – 2009 recommendations. Can J Cardiol 2009;25:567-79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ; European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & RehabilitationReiner Z, Catapano AL, De Backer G, et al.; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) 2008–2010, 2010–2012 Committees. ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: the Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J 2011;32:1769-818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haffner SM, Lehto S, Rönnemaa T, et al. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998;339:229-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juutilainen A, Lehto S, Rönnemaa T, et al. Type 2 diabetes as a ‘coronary heart disease equivalent’: an 18-year prospective population-based study in Finnish subjects. Diabetes Care 2005;28:2901-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Go AS1, Chertow GM, Fan D, et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1296-305
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley RN, Murray AM, Li S, et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risk for cardiovascular disease, renal replacement, and death in the United States Medicare population, 1998 to 1999. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:489-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mankad R, Gabriel SE. Rheumatoid arthritis: treating cardiovascular risk in RA requires multidisciplinary care. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2014: published online 18 March 2014, doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2014.37
   Google Scholar
• Athyros VG, Katsiki N, Karagiannis A. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and severity of cardiovascular disease manifestations. Angiology 2013;64:572-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kostapanos MS, Athyros VG, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP. Mechanisms linking nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with coronary artery disease. Dig Dis Sci 2012;57:1109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsiki N, Athyros VG, Karagiannis A, et al. Should we expand the concept of coronary heart disease equivalents? Curr Opin Cardiol 2014 in press
   Google Scholar
• Desai NR, Giugliano RP, Zhou J, et al. AMG 145, a monoclonal antibody against PCSK9, facilitates achievement of NCEP-ATP III LDL-C goals among high risk patients: an analysis from the LAPLACE-TIMI 57 trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;63:430-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sattar N, Preiss D, Murray H, et al. Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials. Lancet 2010;375:735-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leuschen J, Mortensen EM, Frei CR, et al. Association of statin use with cataracts: a propensity score-matched analysis. JAMA Ophthalmol 2013;131:1427-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Navarese EP1, Szczesniak A, Kolodziejczak M, et al. Statins and risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus: is there a rationale for individualized statin therapy? Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2014;14:79-87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP. Pharmacotherapy: statins and new-onset diabetes mellitus – a matter for debate. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2012;8:133-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Karagiannis A, Mikhailidis DP. Lipid-lowering agents and new onset diabetes mellitus. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010;11:1965-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culver AL, Ockene IS, Balasubramanian R, et al. Statin use and risk of diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative. Arch Intern Med 2012;172:144-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagstaff LR1, Mitton MW, Arvik BM, Doraiswamy PM. Statin-associated memory loss: analysis of 60 case reports and review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 2003;23:871-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galatti L, Polimeni G, Salvo F, et al. Short-term memory loss associated with rosuvastatin. Pharmacotherapy 2006;26:1190-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FDA. Crestor (rosuvastatin calcium) tablets. Detailed View: Safety Labeling Changes Approved By FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). Available at: http://www.fda.gov/safety/medwatch/safetyinformation/ucm200635.htm. Last accessed 1 May 2014
   Google Scholar
• Ahn P, Min HJ, Park SH, et al. Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury associated with hypothyroidism and statin therapy. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2013;28:331-4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hilton-Jones D. Myopathy associated with statin therapy. Neuromuscul Disord 2008;18:97-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Heart Association. Lifestyle Changes and Cholesterol. Available at: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/PreventionTreatmentofHighCholesterol/Lifestyle-Changes-and-Cholesterol_UCM_305627_Article.jsp. Last accessed 1 May 2014
   Google Scholar
• Fruchart JC, Davignon J, Hermans MP, et al. Residual Risk Reduction Initiative (R3i). Residual macrovascular risk in 2013: what have we learned? Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014;13:26-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray KK, Kastelein JJ, Matthijs Boekholdt S, et al. The ACC/AHA 2013 guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in adults: the good the bad and the uncertain: a comparison with ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias 2011. Eur Heart J 2014;35:960-8
   Google Scholar
• American Diabetes Association. Treatment targets. Diabetes Care 2014;37(Suppl 1):S16-80
   Google Scholar
• American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Available at: http://www.aace.com. Last accessed 1 May 2014
   Google Scholar
• The European Athersclerosis Society. New guidlines in USA: How do they compare with the EAS/ESC guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemia? Available at: http://www.eas-society.org/Newsletter-Archive.aspx?newsId=316. Last accessed 1 May 2014
   Google Scholar