5,472
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Pain: Commentary

Pain in the cancer patient: different pain characteristics CHANGE pharmacological treatment requirements

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 1895-1908 | Accepted 09 May 2014, Published online: 10 Jun 2014

References

  • Breivik H, Cherny N, Collett B, et al. Cancer-related pain: a pan-European survey of prevalence, treatment, and patient attitudes. Ann Oncol 2009;20:1420-33
  • Pharo GH, Zhou L. Pharmacologic management of cancer pain. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2005;105(11 Suppl 5):S21-8
  • European Society for Medical Oncology Minimum Clinical Recommendations for the management of cancer pain. Ann Oncol 2005;16(Suppl 1):i83-i85
  • Foley KM. How well is cancer pain treated? Palliat Med 2011;25:398-401
  • Lin C-C, Lai Y-L, Ward SE. Effect of cancer pain on performance status, mood states, and level of hope among Taiwanese cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003;25:29-37
  • World Health Organization. Cancer Pain Relief. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1986
  • Hsieh RK. Pain control in Taiwanese patients with cancer: a multicenter, patient-oriented survey. J Formos Med Assoc 2005;104:913-19
  • Kuo PY, Yen JTC, Parker GM, et al. The prevalence of pain in patients attending sarcoma outpatient clinics. Sarcoma 2011;2011:813483
  • Fisch MJ, Lee J-W, Weiss M, et al. Prospective, observational study of pain and analgesic prescribing in medical oncology outpatients with breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:1980-8
  • Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky SL, et al. Molecular Cell Biology, 4th edn. New York: W.H. Freeman, 2000
  • Schmidt BL, Hamamoto DT, Simone DA, Wilcox GL. Mechanism of cancer pain. Mol Interv 2010;10:164-78
  • Gokin AP, Fareed MU, Pan HL, et al. Local injection of endothelin-1 produces pain-like behavior and excitation of nociceptors in rats. J Neurosci 2001;21:5358-66
  • Hans G, Deseure K, Robert D, De Hert S. Neurosensory changes in a human model of endothelin-1 induced pain: a behavioral study. Neurosci Lett 2007;418:117-21
  • Davar G. Endothelin-1 and metastatic cancer pain. Pain Med 2001;2:24-7
  • Bortsov AV, Millikan RC, Belfer I, et al. μ-opioid receptor gene Aa118G polymorphism predicts survival in patients with breast cancer. Anesthesiology 2012;116:896-902
  • Barki-Harrington L, Daaka Y. Bradykinin induced mitogenesis of androgen independent prostate cancer cells. J Urol 2001;165:2121-5
  • Fujita M, Andoh T, Ohashi K, et al. Roles of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in skin cancer pain produced by orthotopic melanoma inoculation in mice. Eur J Pain 2010;14:588-94
  • Andoh T, Akira A, Saiki I, Kuraishi Y. Bradykinin increases the secretion and expression of endothelin-1 through kinin B2 receptors in melanoma cells. Peptides 2010;31:238-41
  • Woolf CJ, Allchorne A, Safieh-Garabedian B, Poole S. Cytokines, nerve growth factor and inflammatory hyperalgesia: the contribution of tumour necrosis factor alpha. Br J Pharmacol 1997;121:417-24
  • Wacnik PW, Eikmeier LJ, Simone DA, et al. Nociceptive characteristics of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in naive and tumor-bearing mice. Neuroscience 2005;132:479-91
  • Constantin CE, Mair N, Sailer CA, et al. Endogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) requires TNF receptor type 2 to generate heat hyperalgesia in a mouse cancer model. J Neurosci 2008;28:5072-81
  • Colotta F, Allavena P, Sica A, et al. Cancer-related inflammation, the seventh hallmark of cancer: links to genetic instability. Carcinogenesis 2009;30:1073-81
  • Zhu Z, Friess H, diMola FF, et al. Nerve growth factor expression correlates with perineural invasion and pain in human pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:2419-28
  • Ma J, Jiang Y, Jiang Y, et al. Expression of nerve growth factor and tyrosine kinase receptor A and correlation with perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;23:1852-9
  • Kolokythas A, Cox DP, Dekker N, Schmidt BL. Nerve growth factor and tyrosine kinase A receptor in oral squamous cell carcinoma: is there an association with perineural invasion? J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;68:1290-5
  • Shen F-Z, Zhang B-Y, Feng Y-J, et al. Current research in perineural invasion of cholangiocarcinoma. J Exp Clin Canc Res 2010;29:24
  • Johnston M, Yu E, Kim J. Perineural invasion and spread in head and neck cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2012;12:359-71
  • Liebig C, Ayala G, Wilks JA, et al. Perineural invasion in cancer. Cancer 2009;115:3379-91
  • Mercadante S. Malignant bone pain: pathophysiology and treatment. Pain 1997;69:1-18
  • Koutsilieris M. Skeletal metastases in advanced prostate cancer: cell biology and therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 1995;18:51-64
  • Pound CR, Partin AW, Eisenberger MA, et al. Natural history of progression after PSA elevation following radical prostatectomy. JAMA 1999;281:1591-7
  • Msaouel P, Pissimissis N, Halapas A, et al. Mechanisms of bone metastasis in prostate cancer: clinical implications. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;22:341-55
  • Vakaet LAM-L, Boterberg T. Pain control by ionizing radiation of bone metastasis. Int J Dev Biol 2004;48:599-606
  • Smith HJ. Painful osseous metastases. Pain Physician 2011;14:E373-405
  • Cain DM, Wacnik PW, Turner M, et al. Functional interactions between tumor and peripheral nerve: changes in excitability and morphology of primary afferent fibers in a murine model of cancer pain. J Neurosci 2001;21:9367-76
  • Yanagisawa Y, Furue H, Kawamata T, et al. Bone cancer induces a unique central sensitization through synaptic changes in a wide area of the spinal cord. Molecular Pain 2010;6:38
  • Woolf CJ. What is this thing called pain? J Clin Invest 2010;120:3742-4
  • Woolf CJ. Pain: moving from symptom control toward mechanism-specific pharmacologic management. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:441-51
  • Forde G. Adjuvant analgesics for the treatment of neuropathic pain: evaluating efficacy and safety profiles. J Fam Pract 2007;56:3-12
  • Treede RD, Jensen TS, Campbell JN, et al. Neuropathic pain: redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes. Neurology 2008;70:1630-5
  • Morlion B. Pharmacotherapy of low back pain: targeting nociceptive and neuropathic pain components. Curr Med Res Opin 2011;27:11-33
  • Schenk M, Urnauer H, Schug SA, et al. Cancer Pain. In: Spies C, Schug SA, Jaehnichen G, et al, eds. Pocket Guide Pain Management. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2008:67-79
  • Deandrea S, Montanari M, Moja L, Apolone G. Prevalence of undertreatment in cancer pain. A review of published literature. Ann Oncol 2008;19:1985-91
  • Rustøen T, Moum T, Padilla G, et al. Predictors of quality of life in oncology outpatients with pain from bone metastasis. J Pain Symptom Manage 2005;30:234-42
  • Mantyh P. Bone cancer pain: causes, consequences, and therapeutic opportunities. Pain 2013;154(Suppl 1):S54-62
  • Portenoy RK. Treatment of cancer pain. Lancet 2011;377:2236-47
  • Fainsinger RL, Nekolaichuk C, Lawlor P, et al. An international multicentre validation study of a pain classification system for cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 2010;46:2896-904
  • Lasheen W, Walsh D, Sarhill N, Davis M. Intermittent cancer pain: clinical importance and an updated cancer pain classification. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2010;27:182-6
  • Portenoy RK, Hagen NA. Breakthrough pain: definition, prevalence and characteristics. Pain 1990;41:273-81
  • Margarit C, Juliá J, López R, et al. Breakthrough cancer pain – still a challenge. J Pain Res 2012;5:559-66
  • Breuer B, Fleishman SB, Cruciani RA, et al. Medical oncologists’ attitudes and practice in cancer pain management: a national survey. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:4769-75
  • Stockler MR, Wilcken NRC. Why is management of cancer pain still a problem? J Clin Oncol 2012;30:1907-8
  • Peng WL, Wu GJ, Sun WZ, et al. Multidisciplinary management of cancer pain: a longitudinal retrospective study on a cohort of end-stage cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 2006;32:444-52
  • Buga S, Sarria JE. The management of pain in metastatic bone disease. Cancer Control 2012;19:154-66
  • Varrassi G, Müller-Schwefe G, Pergolizzi J, et al. Pharmacological treatment for chronic pain – the need for CHANGE. Curr Med Res Opin 2010;26:1055-69
  • Müller-Schwefe G, Jaksch W, Morlion B, et al. Make a CHANGE: optimising communication and pain management decisions. Curr Med Res Opin 2010;27:481-8
  • Stevens RA, Ghazi SM. Routes of opioid analgesic therapy in the management of cancer pain. Cancer Control 2000;7(2):132–41
  • Kress HG, von der Laage D, Hoerauf KH, et al. A randomized, open, parallel group, multicenter trial to investigate analgesic efficacy and safety of a new transdermal fentanyl patch compared to standard opioid treatment in cancer pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2008;36:268-79
  • Kress HG. Clinical update on the pharmacology, efficacy and safety of transdermal buprenorphine. Eur J Pain 2009;13:219-30
  • Heiskanen T, Mätzke S, Haakana S, et al. Transdermal fentanyl in cachectic cancer patients. Pain 2009;144:218-22
  • Moulin DE, Kreeft JH, Murray-Parsons N, et al. Comparison of continuous subcutaneous and intravenous hydromorphone infusions for management of cancer pain. Lancet 1991;337:465-8
  • Kress HG, Simpson KH, Marchettini P, et al. Intrathecal therapy: what has changed with the introduction of ziconotide. Pain Pract 2009;9:338-47
  • Raffaeli W, Sarti D, Demartini L, et al; and Italian Ziconotide Group. Italian registry on long-term intrathecal ziconotide treatment. Pain Phys 2011;14:15-24
  • Smith HS, Deer TR, Singh V, et al. Intrathecal drug delivery. Pain Phys 2008;11:S89-104
  • Staats PS, Yearwood T, Charapata SG, et al. Intrathecal ziconotide in the treatment of refractory pain in patients with cancer or AIDS. JAMA 2004;291:63-70
  • Simmons DL, Botting RM, Hla T. Cyclooxygenase isozymes: the biology of prostaglandin synthesis and inhibition. Pharmacol Rev 2004;56:387-437
  • Coluzzi F, Di Bussolo E, Mandatori I, Mattia C. Bone metastatic disease: taking aim at new therapeutic targets. Curr Med Chem 2011;18:3093-115
  • Coluzzi F, Mandatori I, Mattia C. Emerging therapies in metastatic bone pain. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2011;16:441-58
  • National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health. Management with Drugs. Last updated 27th February 2012. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/supportivecare/pain/Patient/page4 [Last accessed 4 April 2013]
  • Caraceni A, Hanks G, Kaasa S, et al; on behalf of the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC). Use of opioid analgesics in the treatment of cancer pain: evidence-based recommendations from the EAPC. Lancet Oncol 2012;13:e58-68
  • Christo PJ, Mazloomdoost D. Cancer pain and analgesia. Ann NY Acad Sci 2008;1138:278-98
  • Tay W, Ho KY. The role of interventional therapies in cancer pain management. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2009;38:989-97
  • Bates T. A review of local radiotherapy in the treatment of bone metastases and cord compression. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1992;23:217-21
  • Maher EJ. The use of palliative radiotherapy in the management of breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 1992;28:706-10
  • Bae SH, Park W, Choi DH, et al. Palliative radiotherapy in patients with a symptomatic pelvic mass of metastatic colorectal cancer. Radiation Oncology 2011;6:52
  • Bennett D, Burton AW, Fishman S, et al. Consensus panel recommendations for the assessment and management of breakthrough pain. Part 2: management. Pharm Ther 2005;30:354-61
  • Davies AN, Dickman A, Reid C, et al. The management of cancer-related break-through pain: recommendations of a task group of the Science Committee of the Association for Palliative Medicine of Great Britain and Ireland. Eur J Pain 2009;13:331-8
  • Caraceni A, Martini C, Zecca E, Portenoy RK. Breakthrough pain characteristics and syndromes in patients with cancer pain. An international survey. Palliat Med 2004;18:177-83
  • Davies A. Current thinking in cancer breakthrough pain management. Eur J Palliat Care 2005;12(Suppl):4-6
  • Svendsen KB, Andersen S, Arnason S, et al. Breakthrough pain in malignant and non-malignant diseases: a review of prevalence, characteristics and mechanisms. Eur J Pain 2005;9:195-206
  • Portenoy RK, Payne D, Jacobson P. Breakthrough pain: characteristics and impact in patients with cancer pain. Pain 1999;81:129-34
  • Gómez-Batiste X, Madrid F, Moreno F, et al. Breakthrough cancer pain: prevalence and characteristics in patients in Catalonia, Spain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;24:45-52
  • Saini A, Tucci M, Tampellini M, et al. Circadian variation of breakthrough pain in cancer patients. Eur J Pain 2012: published online 19 June 2012, doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00184.x
  • Mercadante S, Costanzo BV, Fusco F, et al. Breakthrough pain in advanced cancer patients followed at home: a longitudinal study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009;38:554-60
  • Davies A, Buchanan A, Zeppetella G, et al. Breakthrough cancer pain: an observational study of 1000 European oncology patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 2013;46:619-28
  • Davies A, Vriens J, Kennett A, McTaggart M. An observational study of oncology patients’ utilization of breakthrough pain medication. J Pain Symptom Manage 2008;35:406-11
  • Rauck RL, Tark M, Reyes E, et al. Efficacy and long-term tolerability of sublingual fentanyl orally disintegrating tablet in the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain. Curr Med Res Opin 2009;25:2877-85
  • Slatkin NE, Xie F, Messina J, Segal TJ. Fentanyl buccal tablet for relief of breakthrough pain in opioid-tolerant patients with cancer-related chronic pain. J Support Oncol 2007;5:327-34
  • Darwish M, Kirby M, Robertson P, et al. Absolute and relative bioavailability of fentanyl buccal tablet and oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate. J Clin Pharmacol 2007;47:343-50
  • Kress HG, Orońska A, Kaczmarek Z, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of intranasal fentanyl spray 50 to 200 µg for breakthrough pain in patients with cancer: a phase III, multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with a 10-month, open-label extension treatment period. Clin Ther 2009;31:1177-91
  • Kaasa S, Moksnes K, Nolte T, et al. Pharmacokinetics of intranasal fentanyl spray in patients with cancer and breakthrough pain. J Opioid Manag 2010;6:17-26
  • Twycross R, Prommer EE, Mihalyo M, Wilcock A. Fentanyl (transmucosal). J Pain Symptom Manage 2012;44:131-49
  • Zeppetella G, Ribeiro MD. Opioids for the management of breakthrough (episodic) pain in cancer patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;(1):CD004311
  • Zeppetella G. Opioids for the management of breakthrough cancer pain in adults: a systematic review undertaken as part of an EPCRC opioid guidelines project. Palliative Med 2001;25:516-24
  • Coluzzi PH, Schwartzberg L, Conroy JD, et al. Breakthrough cancer pain: a randomized trial comparing oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) and morphine sulfate immediate release (MSIR). Pain 2001;91:123-30
  • Beijers AJM, Jongen JLM, Vreugdenhil G. Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity: the value of neuroprotective strategies. Neth J Med 2012;70:18-25
  • Warwick RA, Hanani M. The contribution of satellite glial cells to chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain 2013;17:571-80
  • Kweekel DM, Gelderblom H, Guchelaar H-J. Pharmacology of oxaliplatin and the use of pharmacogenomics to individualize therapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2005;31:90-105
  • Hausheer FH, Schilsky RL, Bain S, et al. Diagnosis, management, and evaluation of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Semin Oncol 2006;33:15-49
  • Balayssac D, Ferrier J, Descoeur J, et al. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies: from clinical relevance to preclinical evidence. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2011;10:407-17
  • Hausheer FH, Kochat H, Parker AR, et al. New approaches to drug discovery and development: a mechanism-based approach to pharmaceutical research and its application to BNP7787, a novel chemoprotective agent. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2003;52(Suppl):S3-15
  • Smith EM, Pang H, Cirrincione C, et al. Effect of duloxetine on pain, function, and quality of life among patients with chemotherapy-induced painful peripheral neuropathy: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2013;309:1359-67
  • Durand JP, Deplanque G, Montheil V, et al. Efficacy of venlafaxine for the prevention and relief of oxaliplatin-induced acute neurotoxicity: results of EFFOX, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Ann Oncol 2011;23:200-5
  • Barton DL, Wos EJ, Qin R, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a topical treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: NCCTG trial N06CA. Support Care Cancer 2011;19:833-41
  • Smith TJ, Coyne PJ, Parker GL, et al. Pilot trial of a patient-specific cutaneous electrostimulation device (MC5-A Calmare) for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. J Pain Symptom Manage 2010;40:883-91
  • Hammack JE, Michalak JC, Loprinzi CL, et al. Phase III evaluation of nortriptyline for alleviation of symptoms of cis-platinum-induced peripheral neuropathy. Pain 2002;98:195-203
  • Kautio AL, Haanpää M, Saarto T, Kalso E. Amitriptyline in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic symptoms. J Pain Symptom Manage 2008;35:31-9
  • Bianchi G, Vitali G, Caraceni A, et al. Symptomatic and neurophysiological responses of paclitaxel- or cisplatin-induced neuropathy to oral acetyl-L-carnitine. Eur J Cancer 2005;41:1746-50
  • Storey DJ, Colvin LA, Scott AC, et al. Treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) with topical menthol: a phase I study. J Clin Oncol 2010;28(15):Suppl 9129
  • Nassini R, Benemei S, Fusi C, et al. Transient receptor potential channels in chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. Open Pain J 2013;6(Suppl 1):127-36
  • Hojsted J, Sjogren P. Addiction to opioids in chronic pain patients: a literature review. Eur J Pain 2007;11:490-518
  • Koyyalagunta D, Bruera E, Aigner C, et al. Risk stratification of opioid misuse among patients with cancer pain using the SOAPP-SF. Pain Med 2013;14:667-75
  • Childers JW, Arnold RM. “I feel uncomfortable ‘calling a patient out’”: Educational needs of palliative medicine fellows in managing opioid misuse. J Pain Symptom Manage 2012;43:253-60
  • Passik SD, Theobald DE. Managing addiction in advanced cancer patients: why bother? J Pain Symptom Manage 2000;19:229-34
  • Turk DC, Stieg RL. Chronic pain: the necessity of interdisciplinary communication. Clin J Pain 1987;3:163-7
  • Kress HG. The importance of putting pain on the curricula in medical schools in Europe. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2013;27:182-4

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.