References
- Diabetes Fact Sheet No. 312. World Health Organization, 2013. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/ [Last accessed 18 July 2013]
- Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010;87:4-14
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011 National Diabetes Fact Sheet: national estimates and general information on diabetes and prediabetes in the United States. 2011. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/factsheet11.htm [Last accessed 8 May 2013]
- The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329:977-86
- Lin YY, Hsu CW, Sheu WH, et al. Risk factors for recurrent hypoglycemia in hospitalized diabetic patients admitted for severe hypoglycemia. Yonsei Med J 2010;51:367-74
- Baser O, Wei W, Baser E, Xie L. Clinical and economic outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating insulin glargine disposable pen versus exenatide BID. J Med Econ 2011;14:673-80
- Zhang Q, Menditto L. Incremental cost savings 6 months following initiation of insulin glargine in a Medicaid fee-for-service sample. Am J Ther 2005;12:337-43
- Bullano MF, Fisher MD, Grochulski WD, et al. Hypoglycemic events and glycosylated hemoglobin values in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus newly initiated on insulin glargine or premixed insulin combination products. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2006;63:2473-82
- Fabunmi R, Nielsen LL, Quimbo R, et al. Patient characteristics, drug adherence patterns, and hypoglycemia costs for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus newly initiated on exenatide or insulin glargine. Curr Med Res Opin 2009;25:777-86
- Brixner DI, McAdam-Marx C, Ye X, et al. Six-month outcomes on A1C and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide in an ambulatory care setting. Diabetes Obes Metab 2009;11:1122-30
- Pawaskar M, Li Q, Hoogwerf BJ, et al. Metabolic outcomes of matched patient populations initiating exenatide bid versus insulin glargine in an ambulatory care setting. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012;14:626-33
- Ginde AA, Blanc PG, Lieberman RM, et al. Validation of ICD-9-CM coding algorithm for improved identification of hypoglycemia visits. BMC Endocr Disord 2008;8:4
- Overview of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). Healthcare Costs and Utilization Project (HCUP). 2013. Available at: http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/nisoverview.jsp [Last accessed 30 June 2014]
- Graubard BI, Korn EL. Predictive margins with survey data. Biometrics 1999;55:652-9
- Kleinman LC, Norton EC. What’s the risk? A simple approach for estimating adjusted risk measures from nonlinear models including logistic regression. Health Serv Res 2009;44:288-302
- Bullano MF, Al-Zakwani IS, Fisher MD, et al. Differences in hypoglycemia event rates and associated cost–consequence in patients initiated on long-acting and intermediate-acting insulin products. Curr Med Res Opin 2005;21:291-8
- Davis SN, Wei W, Garg S. Clinical impact of initiating insulin glargine therapy with disposable pen versus vial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a managed care setting. Endocr Pract 2011;17:845-52
- Pawaskar M, Zagar A, Sugihara T, Shi L. Healthcare resource utilization and costs assessment of type 2 diabetes patients initiating exenatide BID or glargine: a retrospective database analysis. J Med Econ 2011;14:16-27
- Xie L, Wei W, Pan C, et al. A real-world study of patients with type 2 diabetes initiating basal insulins via disposable pens. Adv Ther 2011;28:1000-11