331
Views
66
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Drug Evaluations

S-1: a promising new oral fluoropyrimidine derivative

, &
Pages 335-348 | Published online: 09 May 2009

Bibliography

  • Machover D, Rustum YM. Fluoropyrimidines. In: Cvitkovic E, Droz JP, Armand JP, Khoury S, editors, Handbook in Clinical Oncology. Jersey: Scientific Communications, 1993. p. 340-5
  • Heidelberg C, Chaudhuri NK, Danneberg P, et al. Fluorinated pyrimidines, a new class of tumour-inhibitory compounds. Nature (Lond) 1957;179:663-6
  • Pinedo HM, Peters GF. Fluorouracil: biochemistry and pharmacology. J Clin Oncol 1988;6:1653-64
  • Kubota T. 5-fluorouracil and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2001;28:433-9
  • Cunningham D, Coleman R. New options for outpatient chemotherapy – the role of oral fluoropyrimidines. Cancer Treat Rev 2001;27:211-20
  • Iyer L, Ratain MJ. 5-fluorouracil pharmacokinetics: causes for variability and strategies for modulation in cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Invest 1999;17:494-506
  • Benson AB 3rd. Regional and systemic therapies for advanced colorectal carcinoma: randomized clinical trial results. Oncology (Williston Park) 1998;12(10 Suppl 7):28-34
  • Lokich JJ, Ahlgren JD, Gullo JJ, et al. A prospective randomized comparison of continuous infusion fluorouracil with aconventional bolus schedule in metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a Mid-Atlantic Oncology Program Study. J Clin Oncol 1989;7:425-32
  • Seifert P, Baker LH, Reed ML, Vaitkevicius VK. Comparison of continuously infused 5-fluorouracil with bolus injection in treatment of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Cancer 1975;36:123-8
  • Meta-analysis Group in Cancer. Toxicity of fluorouracil in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: effect of administration schedule and prognostic factor. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:3537-41
  • Malet-Martino M, Jolimaitre P, Martino R. The prodrugs of 5-fluorouracil. Curr Med Chem Anticancer Agents 2002;2:267-310
  • Houghton JA, Houghton PJ, Wooten RS. Mechanism of induction of gastrointestinal toxicity in the mouse by 5-fluorouracil, 5-fluorouridine, and 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine. Cancer Res 1979;39:2406-13
  • Meta-analysis Group in Cancer. Efficacy of intravenous continuous infusion of fluorouracil compared with bolus administration in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:301-8
  • Beck A, Etienne MC, Chéradame S, et al. A role for dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and thymidylate synthase in tumour sensitivity to fluorouracil. Eur J Cancer 1994;30A:1517-22
  • Unemi N, Harima K, Daidai Y, et al. Experimental studies on antineoplastic action of N 1-(2′-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207)-effect on experimental tumors. Gan No Rinsho 1971;17:731-42
  • Schöffski P. The modulated oral fluoropyrimidine prodrug S-1, and its use in gastrointestinal cancer and other solid tumors. Anticancer Drugs 2004;15:85-106
  • Papamichael D. The use of thymidylate synthase inhibitors in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer: current status. Oncologist 1999;4:478-87
  • Lamont EB, Schilsky RL. The oral fluoropyrimidines in cancer chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 1999;5:2289-96
  • Shirasaka T, Yamamitsu S, Tsuji A, Taguchi T. Conceptual changes in cancer chemotherapy: from an oral fluoropyrimidine prodrug, UFT, to a novel oral fluoropyrimidine prodrug, S-1, and low-dose FP therapy in Japan. Invest New Drugs 2000;18:315-29
  • Skipper HE, Schabel FM Jr, Wilcox WS. Experimental evaluation of potential anticancer agents. XIII. On the criteria and kinetics associated with ‘curability’ of experimental leukemia. Cancer Chemother Rep 1964;35:1-111
  • Fraile RJ, Baker LH, Buroker TR, et al. Pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil administered orally, by rapid intravenous and by slow infusion. Cancer Res 1980;40:2223-8
  • Schilsky RL. Biochemical and clinical pharmacology of 5-fluorouracil. Oncology (Williston Park) 1998;12(10 Suppl 7):13-8
  • Daher GC, Harris BE, Willard EM, Diasio RB. Biochemical basis for circadian-dependent metabolism of fluoropyrimidines. Ann NY Acad Sci 1991;618:350-61
  • Toide H, Akiyoshi H, Minato Y, et al. Comparative studies on the metabolism of 2-(tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouracil. Gann 1977;68:553-60
  • Fujii S, Ikenaka K, Fukushima M, Shirasaka T. Effect of uracil and its derivatives on antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil and 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil. Gann 1978;69:763-72
  • Pazdur R, Lassere Y, Rhodes V, et al. Phase II trial of uracil and tegafur plus oral leucovorin: an effective oral regimen in the treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 1994;12:2296-300
  • Shirasaka T, Yamamitsu S, Tsuji A, et al. Conceptual changes in cancer chemotherapy–biochemical modulation of 5-FU. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2000;27:832-45
  • Tatsumi K, Fukushima M, Shirasaka T, Fujii S. Inhibitory effects of pyrimidine, barbituric acid and pyridine derivatives on 5-fluorouracil degradation in rat liver extracts. Jpn J Cancer Res 1987;78:748-55
  • Shirasaka T, Taguchi T. Timeline from discovery of 5-FU to development of an oral anticancer agent S-1 and its drug concept. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2006;33(Suppl 1):4-18
  • Maehara Y. Comprehensive review of S-1 for gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2003;6(Suppl 1):2-8
  • Ogawa M. Novel anticancer drugs in Japan. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1999;25:134-40
  • Shirasaka T, Shimamoto Y, Fukushima M. Inhibition by oxonic acid of gastrointestinal toxicity of 5-fluorouracil without loss of its antitumor activity in rats. Cancer Res 1993;53:4004-9
  • Kato T, Shimamoto Y, Uchida J, et al. Possible regulation of 5-fluorouracil-induced neuro- and oral toxicities by twobiochemical modulators consisting of S-1, a new oral formulation of 5-fluorouracil. Anticancer Res 2001;21:1705-12
  • Cao S, Lu K, Tóth K, et al. Persistent induction of apoptosis and suppression of mitosis as the basis for curative therapy with S-1, an oral 5-fluorouracil prodrug in a colorectal tumor model. Clin Cancer Res 1999;5:267-74
  • Shirasaka T, Nakano K, Takechi T, et al. Antitumor activity of 1 M tegafur-0.4 M 5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine-1 M potassium oxonate (S-1) against human colon carcinoma orthotopically implanted into nude rats. Cancer Res 1996;56:2602-6
  • Shirasaka T, Fukushima M, Shimamoto Y, et al. Preclinical studies on S-1, a new oral tegafur plus modulators: optimal molar ratio and antitumor activity [abstract]. Proc Int Congr Chemother 1993;18:927
  • Fukushima M, Satake H, Uchida J, et al. Preclinical antitumor efficacy of S-1: a new oral formulation of 5-fluorouracil on human tumor xenografts. Int J Oncol 1998;13:693-8
  • Mori T, Fujiwara Y, Yano M, et al. Prevention of peritoneal metastasis of human gastric cancer cells in nude mice by S-1, a novel oral derivative of 5-Fluorouracil. Oncology 2003;64:176-82
  • Yoshisue K, Hironaga K, Yamaguchi S, et al. Reduction of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity resulting from the protection of thymidylate synthase (TS) in GI tissue by repeated simultaneous administration of potassium oxonate (Oxo) in rats. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2006;46:51-6
  • Shirasaka T, Shimamoto Y, Kato T, Fukushima M. Invention of a tumor-selective 5-fluorouracil derivative named S-1 by biochemical modulation of 5-fluorouracil. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1998;25:371-84
  • Araki H, Fukushima M, Kamiyama Y, Shirasaka T. Effect of consecutive lower-dose cisplatin in enhancement of 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity in experimental tumor cells in vivo. Cancer Lett 2000;160:185-91
  • Taguchi T, Inuyama Y, Kanamaru R, et al. Phase I study of S-1. S-1 Study Group. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1997;24:2253-64
  • Hirata K, Horikoshi N, Aiba K, et al. Pharmacokinetic study of S-1, a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor drug. Clin Cancer Res 1999;5:2000-5
  • Van Groeningen CJ, Peters GJ, Schornagel JH, et al. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of oral S-1 in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:2772-9
  • Hoff PM, Wenske CA, Medgyesy DC, et al. Phase I and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of a novel fluoropyrimidine, S-1 [abstract]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1999;18:665
  • Hoff PM, Saad ED, Ajani JA, et al. Phase I study with pharmacokinetics of S-1 on an oral daily schedule for 28 days in patients with solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:134-42
  • Yamada Y, Hamaguchi T, Goto M, et al. Plasma concentrations of 5-fluorouracil and F-beta-alanine following oral administration of S-1, a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase inhibitory fluoropyrimidine, as compared with protracted venous infusion of 5-fluorouracil. Br J Cancer 2003;89:816-20
  • Ikeda M, Furukawa H, Imamura H, et al. Pharmacokinetic study of S-1, a novel oral fluorouracil antitumor agent in animal model and in patients with impaired renal function. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2002;50:25-32
  • Tagishi T, Horikoshi N, Kinoshita H, et al. Early phase II study of S-1 in patients with advanced breast cancer [abstract]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996;15:151
  • Taguchi T, Morimoto K, Horikoshi N, et al. An early phase II clinical study of S-1 in patients with breast cancer. S-1 Cooperative Study Group (Breast Cancer Working Group). Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1998;25:1035-43
  • Sano M, Saeki T, Takashima S, et al. Late phase II study of S-1 in patients with advanced and/or recurrent breast cancer [abstract]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2000;19:404
  • Furuse K, Kawahara M, Hasegawa K, et al. S-1 Cooperative Study Group (Lung Cancer Working Group). Early phase II study of S-1, a new oral fluoropyrimidine, for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2001;6:236-41
  • Kawahara M, Furuse K, Segawa Y, et al. Phase II study of S-1, a novel oral fluorouracil, in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.; S-1 Cooperative Study Group (Lung Cancer Working Group). Br J Cancer 2001;85:939-43
  • Fujii M, Kanzaki J, Satake B, Inayama Y. Early phase II study of S-1 in patients with advanced head and neck cancer [abstract]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996;15:894
  • Inuyama Y, Kida A, Tsukuda M, et al. Early phase II study of S-1 in patients with advanced head and neck cancer. S-1 Cooperative Study Group (Head and Neck Working Group). Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1998;25:1151-8
  • Inuyama Y, Kida A, Tsukuda M, et al. Late phase II study of S-1 in patients with advanced head and neck cancer [in Japanese]. S-1 Cooperative Study Group. (Head and Neck Cancer Working Group). Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2001;28:1381-90
  • Ueno H, Okusaka T, Ikeda M, et al. An early phase II study of S-1 in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Oncology 2005;68:171-8
  • Okusaka T, Funakoshi A, Furuse J, et al. A late phase II study of S-1 for metastatic pancreatic cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008;61:615-21
  • Okada S, Okusaka H, Ueno H, et al. A phase II and pharmacokinetic trial of S-1 in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) [abstract 682]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2002;21:171a
  • Hayashi K, Imaizumi T, Uchida K, et al. High response rates in patients with pancreatic cancer using the novel oral fluoropyrimidine S-1. Oncol Rep 2002;9(6):1355-61
  • Ueno H, Okusaka T, Ikeda M, et al. Phase II study of S-1 in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer. Br J Cancer 2004;91:1769-74
  • Ohtsu A, Baba H, Sakata Y, et al. Phase II study of S-1, a novel oral fluorophyrimidine derivative, in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. S-1 Cooperative Colorectal Carcinoma Study Group. Br J Cancer 2000;83:141-5
  • Sawada T, Hirakawa K, Shirao A. Confirmatory phase II study final results of S-1 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) in Japan [abstract 2223]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2002;21:102b
  • Van den Brande J, Schöffski P, Schellens JH, et al. EORTC Early Clinical Studies Group early phase II trial of S-1 in patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2003;88:648-53
  • Horikoshi N, Mitachi Y, Sakata Y, et al. S-1, new oral fluoropyrimidine is very active in patients with advanced gastric cancer (early phase II study) [abstract]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 1996;15:466
  • Sugimachi K, Maehara Y, Horikoshi N, et al. An early phase II study of oral S-1, a newly developed 5-fluorouracil derivative for advanced and recurrent gastrointestinal cancers. The S-1 Gastrointestinal Cancer Study Group. Oncology 1999;57:202-10
  • Koizumi W, Kurihara M, Nakano S, Hasegawa K. Phase II study of S-1, a novel oral derivative of 5-fluorouracil, in advanced gastric cancer. For the S-1 Cooperative Gastric Cancer Study Group. Oncology 2000;58:191-7
  • Sakata Y, Ohtsu A, Horikoshi N, et al. Late phase II study of novel oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug S-1 (1 M tegafur-0.4 M gimestat-1 M otastat potassium) in advanced gastric cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 1998;34:1715-20
  • Miyamoto S, Boku N, Ohtsu A, et al. Clinical implications of immunoreactivity of thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in gastric cancer treated with oral fluoropyrimidine (S-1). Study Group of S-1 for Gastric Cancer. Int J Oncol 2000;17:653-8
  • Yoshida K, Nishimoto N, Kagawa Y, et al. A new therapeutic approach to advanced and recurrent gastric cancer by TS-1. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2001;28:1403-12
  • Inaba Y, Watabe S, Ohe S, et al. The clinical effect of TS-1 in advanced and recurrent gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2002;29:239-44
  • Osugi H, Takada N, Takemura M, et al. Oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer drug TS-1 for gastric cancer patients with peritoneal dissemination. Oncol Rep 2002;9:811-15
  • Moriwaki T, Hyodo I, Nishina T, et al. Clinical study of TS-1 therapy for inoperable and recurrent gastric cancer. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2003;30:489-94
  • Cho H, Konishi K, Tsuburaya A, et al. Longterm control of advanced and recurrent gastric cancer (ARGC) by S-1. Gastric Cancer 2003;6(Suppl 1):24-7
  • Takahashi I, Kakeji Y, Emi Y, et al. S-1 in the treatment of advanced and recurrent gastric cancer: current state and future prospects. Gastric Cancer 2003;6(Suppl 1):28-33
  • Kimura Y, Kikkawa N, Iijima S, et al. A new regimen for S-1 therapy aiming at adverse reaction mitigation and prolonged medication by introducing a 1-week drug-free interval after each 2-week dosing session: efficacy and feasibility in clinical practice. Gastric Cancer 2003;6(Suppl 1):34-9
  • Chollet P, Schöffski P, Weigang-Köhler K et al. EORTC Early Clinical Studies Group. Phase II trial with S-1 in chemotherapy-naïve patients with gastric cancer. A trial performed by the EORTC Early Clinical Studies Group (ECSG). Eur J Cancer 2003;39:1264-70
  • Kinoshita T, Konishi M, Nakagohri T, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 for scirrhous gastric cancer: a pilot study. Gastric Cancer 2003;6(Suppl 1):40-4
  • Fujitani K, Tsujinaka T, Hirao M. Feasibility study of S-1 for resectable gastric cancer with peritoneal seeding. Hepato-gastroenterology 2003;50:889-92
  • Sakuramoto S, Sasako M, Yamaguchi T, et al. ACTS-GC Group. Adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer with S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine. N Engl J Med 2007;357:1810-20. Erratum in: N Engl J Med 2008;358:1977
  • Kochi M, Fujii M, Kanamori N, et al. Effect of gastrectomy on the pharmacokinetics of S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine, in resectable gastric cancer patients. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007;60:693-701
  • Kinoshita T, Nakajima T, Ohashi Y. Adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil-tegafur for serosa negative advanced gastric cancer: results of a randomized trial by national surgical adjuvant study of gastric cancer [abstract]. Prog Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2005;23(Suppl):313
  • Scanlon KJ, Safirstein RL, Thies H, et al. Inhibition of amino acid transport by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) derivatives in L1210 murine leukemia cells. Cancer Res 1983;43:4211-15
  • Shirasaka T, Shimamoto Y, Ohshimo H, et al. Metabolic basis of the synergistic antitumor activities of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in rodent tumor models in vivo. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1993;32:167-72
  • Omura K, Misaki T, Hashimoto T, et al. Changes in folate concentration in Yoshida sarcoma after administration of leucovorin or cisplatin. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1995;35:183-7
  • Shirasaka T, Aiba K, Araki H, et al. Combination therapy of continuous venous infusion (CVI) of 5-FU and low dose consecutive cisplatin (CDDP), and the new oral anti-cancer drug S-1 for advanced gastro-intestinal cancer. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1999;26:456-66
  • Mizutani Y, Yoshida O, Bonavida B. Sensitization of human bladder cancer cells to Fas-mediated cytotoxicity by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II). J Urol 1998;160:561-70
  • Mizutani Y, Wu XX, Yoshida O, et al. Chemoimmunosensitization of the T24 human bladder cancer line to Fas-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis by cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. Oncol Rep 1999;6:979-82
  • Nishiyama M, Yamamoto W, Park JS, et al. Low-dose cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in combination can repress increased gene expression of cellular resistance determinants to themselves. Clin Cancer Res 1999;5:2620-8
  • Tsuji A, Morita S, Horimi T, et al. Ambulatory and domiciliary cancer chemotherapy with forearm implant catheter system and low-dose CDDP + 5-FU therapy. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1999;26(Suppl 2):326-32
  • Ohtsu A, Boku N, Nagashima F, et al. A phase I/II study of S-1 plus cisplatin (CDDP) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) [abstract 656]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2001;20:165a
  • Kamata T, Hayashi Y, Minatoya G, et al. A pilot study of low-dose TS-1 and cisplatin combination chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2001;28:1419-22
  • Baba H, Yamamoto M, Endo K, et al. Clinical efficacy of S-1 combined with cisplatin for advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2006;6(Suppl 1):45-9
  • Tsujitani S, Fukuda K, Kaibara N. Combination chemotherapy of S-1 and low-dose cisplatin for advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2003;6(Suppl 1):50-7
  • Tsujitani S, Kondo A, Kaibara N. Sequential chemotherapy with low-dose CDDP/S-1 and CDDP/CPT-11 for advanced gastric cancer [abstract]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2003;22:1358
  • Narahara H, Taciuchi H, Tsujinaka T, et al. Phase I study of CPT-11 plus S-1 in patients with metastatic gastric cancer [abstract 677]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2002;21:170a
  • Komatsu Y, Takeda H, Takei M, et al. A phase I and PK study of CPT-S-1 and irinotecan (CPT-11) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC) [abstract 683]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2002;21:171a
  • Yamashita T, Ichikawa W, Nihei Z, et al. A phase I study of S-1 and weekly CPT-11 for patients with advanced gastric cancer [abstract]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2003;22:1428
  • Yamada Y, Goto A, Ura T, et al. Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of S-1 in combination with CPT-11 for advanced gastric cancer [abstract]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2003;22:1314
  • Komatsu Y, Takei M, Takeda H, et al. Phase II study of study CPT-11 plus S-1 in patients with advanced gastric cancer for Hokkaido Gastrointestinal cancer Group [abstract]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2003;22:1282
  • Rino Y, Takanashi Y, Yukawa N, et al. A phase I study of bi-weekly combination therapy with S-1 and docetaxel for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. Anticancer Res 2006;26:1455-62
  • Yoshida K, Nishiyama M, Toge T, et al. Combination phase I/II study of S-1 and docetaxel with advanced or recurrent gastric cancer [abstract]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2003;22:1292
  • Koizumi W, Narahara H, Hara T, et al. S-1 plus cisplatin versus S-1 alone for first-line treatment of advanced gastric cancer (SPIRITS trial): a phase III trial. Lancet Oncol 2008;9:215-21
  • Cutsem EV, Moiseyenko VM, Tjulandin S, et al. Phase III study of docetaxel and cisplatin plus fluorouracil compared with cisplatin and fluorouracil as fisrt-line therapy for advanced gastric cancer: a report of the V325 Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:4991-7
  • Kang Y, Kang WK, Shin DB, et al. Randomized phase III trial of capecitabine/cisplatin (XP) vs. continuous infusion of 5-FU/cisplatin (FP) as first-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer (AGC): efficacy and results [abstract]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2006;LBA4018
  • Cunningham D, Starling N, Rao S, et al. Upper Gastrointestinal Clinical Studies Group of the National Cancer Research Institute of the United Kingdom. Capecitabine and oxaliplatin for advanced esophagogastric cancer. N Engl J Med 2008;358:36-46
  • Ajani JA, Faust J, Ikeda K, et al. Phase I pharmacokinetic study of S-1 plus cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:6957-65
  • Saif MW, Seller S, Diasio RB. Atypical toxicity associated with 5-Fluororacil in a DPD-deficient patient with pancreatic cancer. Is ethnicity a risk factor? JOP 2008;9:226-9
  • Mattison LK, Fourie J, Desmond RA, et al. Increased prevalence of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency in African-Americans compared with Caucasians. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12:5491-5
  • McCollum AD, Catalano PJ, Haller DG, et al. Outcomes and toxicity in african-american and caucasian patients in a randomized adjuvant chemotherapy trial for colon cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:1160-7
  • Kouwaki M, Hamajima N, Sumi S, et al. Identification of novel mutations in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene in a Japanese patient with 5-fluorouracil toxicity. Clin Cancer Res 1998;4:2999-3004
  • Yamaguchi K, Arai Y, Kanda Y, Akagi K. Germline mutation of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenese gene among a Japanese population in relation to toxicity to 5-Fluorouracil. Jpn J Cancer Res 2001;92:337-42
  • Nagashima F, Ohtsu A, Yoshida S, Ito K. Japanese nationwide post-marketing survey of S-1 in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2005;8:6-11
  • Goh BC, Soo RA, Lim S, et al. Inter-ethnic variability of S-1 pharmacokinetics (PK) and correlation with CYP2A6 phenotyping [abstract 2507]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl)

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.