New pharmacological agents under clinical investigation for treating disorders of lipoprotein regulation leading to atherosclerosis

Bibliography

• GAEBER AM, SOX HC, JR, LITTENBERG B: Screeningasymptomatic adults for cardiac risk factors: the serum cholesterol. Ann. Intern. Med. (1989) 110:622–634.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Summary of the second report of the NCEP expertpanel on detection, evaluation and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults. JAMA (1993) 269:3015–3023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUCHWALD H, VACRO RL, MATTS JP et al.: Effect of partial ileal bypass surgery on mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Report of the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH). N. Engl. J. Med. (1990) 323:946–955.
   Google Scholar
• SPADY DK, STANGE EF, BILHARTZ LE, DIETSCHY JM: Bile acids regulate hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor activity in the hamster by altering cholesterol flux across the liver. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1986) 83(6):1916–1920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DIETSCHY J: Mechanisms for the intestinal absorption of bile acids. J. Lipid Res. (1968) 9:297–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LOVE MA, DAWSON PA: New insights into bile acid transport. Curr. Opin. Lipidol (1998) 9(3):225–229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CRADDOCK AL, LOVE MW, DANIEL RW etal.: Expression and transport properties of the human ileal and renal sodium-dependent bile acid transporter. Am. J Physiol. (1998) 274 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 37):G157–G169.
   Google Scholar
• BUCHWALD H, VACRO RL, BOEN JR et al.: Effective lipidmodification by partial bypass reduced long-term coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity: five-year post trial follow-up report from the POSCH. Arch. Intern. Med. (1998) 138:1253–1261.
   Google Scholar
• JONAS A, DIVER-HABER A, AVIGAD S: Well compensatedprimary bile acid malabsorption presenting as chronic nonspecific diarrhea. J. Pediatr. (1997) 90(1): 21–8.
   Google Scholar
• TAZAWA Y, YAMADA M, NAKAGAWA M et al.: Fecal and biliary bile acid patterns in children with bile acid malabsorption. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. (1988) 3 (3):378–384.
   Google Scholar
• SALISBURY BG, DAVIS HR, BURRIER RE et al.: Hypercho-lesterolemic activity of a novel inhibitor of cholesterol absorption, 5CH48461. Atherosclerosis (1995) 115:45–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIS HR, COMPTON DS, MOOS LM, TETZLOTT GG: Ezetimibe reduces plasma cholesterol and inhibits the development of atherosclerosis in apo E knockout mice with and without LDL receptors. Circulation (2000) 102 (18):II–186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DUJOVNE CA, BAYS H, DAVIDSON MH et al.: Reduction of LDLcholesterol in patients with primary hypercho-lesterolemia by SCH 48461: Results of a multicenter dose-ranging study. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 40: 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• ••Comprehensive human subject trial which demonstratedclinically and statistically significant cholesterol-lowering effect.
   Google Scholar
• WALL STREET JOURNAL (September 2000).
   Google Scholar
• MAROTTI KR, CASTLE CK, BOYLE TP, LIN AH, MURRAY RW, MELCHOIR GW: Severe atherosclerosis in transgenic mice expressing simian ester transfer protein. Nature (1993) 364:73–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• INAZU A, BROWN ML, HESLER CB et al.: Increased high density lipoprotein caused by a common cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene mutation. N. Engl. J Med. (1990) 323:1234–1238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORIYAMA Y, OKAMURA T, INAZU A et al.: A low prevalence of coronary heart disease among subjects with increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ester transfer protein deficiency. Prey. Med. (1998) 27:659–667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TEH EM, DOLPHIN PJ, BRECKENRIDGE WC et al.: Humanplasma CM."' deficiency: identification of a novel mutation in exon 9 of the CE1P gene in a Caucasian subject from North America. J. Lipid. Res. (1998) 39:442–446.
   Google Scholar
• ZHONG S, SHARP DS, GROVE JS et al.: Increasedcoronary heart disease in Japanese-American men with mutations in the CE1P despite increased HDL levels. J. Clin. Invest. (1996) 29:17–23.
   Google Scholar
• DUJOVNE CA, HARRIS WS, ALTMAN R, OVERHISER RW,BLACK DM: Effect of atorvastatin on hemorheologic-hemostatic parameters and serum fibrinogen levels in hyperlipidemic patients. Am. J. Cardiol. (2000) 85:350–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AstraZeneca Adopts Crestor (rosuvastatin calcium) astrade name of investigational cholesterol-lowering drug. Press Release AstraZeneca, Wayne, PA. (Dec. 12, 2000).
   Google Scholar
• STEALS B, SCHOONJANS K, FRUCHART JC, AUWERX The effects of fibrates and thiazolidinediones on plasma triglyceride metabolism are mediated by distinct peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs). Biochimie (1997) 79:95–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Discussion of PPAR activity of both thiazolidinediones andfibrates.
   Google Scholar
• SCHOONJANS K, PEINADO-ONSURBE J, LEFEBVRE A-M etal.: PPAR a and PPAR y activators direct a distinct tissue-specific transcriptional response via PPRE in the lipoprotein lipase gene. EMBO J. (1996) 15:5336–5348.
   Google Scholar
• INSULL W, JR, KOREN M, DAVIGNON J et al.: Efficacy and short-term safety of a new ACAT inhibitor, avasimibe, on lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins, in patients with combined hyperlipidemia. Atherosclerosis (2001) (In press).
   Google Scholar
• ••Describes mechanism of action, efficacy and safey ofavasimibe.
   Google Scholar
• DIANNE B, DEISING JM, OTTERMAN EH et al.: TheAcyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor avasamibe reduces atherosclerosis independently of its lipid-lowering effect in apoE3-leiden mice. Circula-tion (1999) 100(1):1–613 (Abstract 3232).
   Google Scholar
• BURNETT JR, WILCOX EL TELFORD DE et al: Inhibitionof ACAT by avasimibe decreases both VLDL and LDL apolipoprotein B production in miniature pigs./ Lipid Res. (1999) 40:1317–1327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KOREN M, INSULL W, JR, SCHROTT H et al.: ACAT inhibitor avasimibe lowers VLDL and TG in patients with hyper triglyceridemia. Circulation (1998) 98 (1):1–240.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WORTHLEY SG, MELFT G, OSENSOE JI et al.: Serial evaluation of atherosclerosis with in vivoMRI: study of atorvastatin and avasimibe in WITHL rabbits. Circula-tion (2000) 102(18):809.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GARBER AM, SOX HX, JR, LITTENBERG B: Screening asymptotic adults for cardiac risk factors: the serum cholesterol level. Ann. Intern. Med. (1989) 110:622–639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar