New developments in chemotherapy for non-invasive fungal infections

Bibliography

• GROLL AH, PISCITELLI SC, WALSH TJ: Clinical pharmacology of systemic antifungal agents: a comprehensive review of agents in clinical use, current investigational compounds, and putative targets for antifungal drug development. Adv. Pharmacy]. (1998) 44:343–500.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HOSSAIN MA, GHANNOUM MA: New investigational antifungal agents for treating invasive fungal infections. Expert Opin Investig. Drugs (2000) 9:1797–1813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NEELY MN, GHANNOUM MA: The exciting future of antifungal therapy. Eur. Clin Microbial Infect. Dis. (2000) 19:897–914.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ELEWSKI BE: Tinea capitis: a current perspective. j Am. Acad. Dermatal (2000) 42(1 Pt 1):1–20.
   Google Scholar
• ELEWSKI BE: Once-weekly fluconazole in the treatment of onychomycosis: introduction. J. Am. Arad Dermatal (1998) 38(6 Pt 2):S73–76.
   Google Scholar
• ZAIAS N: Onychomycosis. Dermatal (1985) 3(3):445–460.
   Google Scholar
• GHANNOUM MA, HAJJEH RA, SCHER R. et al.: A large-scale north american study of fungal isolates from nails: the frequency of onychomycosis, fungal distribution, and antifungal susceptibility patterns. j Am. Acad. Dermatal (2000) 43(4):641–648.
   Google Scholar
• HAY RJ: The management of superficial candidiasis. j Am. Acad. Dermatal (1999) 40(6 Pt 2):S35–42.
   Google Scholar
• REX JH, WALSH TJ, SOBEL JD etal.: Practice guidelines for the treatment of candidiasis. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis. (2000) 30(4):662–678.
   Google Scholar
• NAKABAYASHI A, SET Y, GUILLOT J: Identification of Malassezia species isolated from patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor and normal subjects. Med. Myra. (2000) 38:337–341.
   Google Scholar
• DURDEN FM, ELEWSKI B: Fungal infections in HIV-infected patients. Semin Cutan Med. Surg. (1997) 16(3):200–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RIVITTI EA, AOKI V: Deep fungal infections in tropical countries. Clin. Dermatal (1999) 17(2):171–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RIOS-FABRA A, MORENO AR, ISTURIZ RE: Fungal infection in Latin American countries. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. (1994) 8(1):129–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOLZ RW: The effects of the polyene antibiotics nystatin and amphotericin B on thin lipid membranes. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1974) 235:469–479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VERMES A, GUCHELAAR HJ, DANKERT J: Flucytosine: a review of its pharmacology, clinical indications, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and drug interactions. j Antimicrob. Chemother. (2000) 46(2):171–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GULL K, TRINCI AP: Griseofulvin inhibits fungal mitosis. Nature (1973) 244:292–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SORRENTINO L, CAPASSO E DI ROSA M: Anti-inflammatory properties of griseofulvin. Agents Actions. (1977) 7:157–162.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BENNETT ML, FLEISCHER AB, LOVELESS JW, FELDMAN SR: Oral griseofulvin remains the treatment of choice for tinea capitis in children. Pediatr. Dermatal. (2000) 17(4):304–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARTIS WM, ODLE BM, JONES HE: Griseofulvin-resistant dermatophytosis correlates with in vitro resistance. Arch. Dermatal. (1981) 117(1):16–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KORTING HC, GRUNDMANN-KOLLMANN M: The hydroxypyridones: a class of antimycotics of its own. Mycoses. (1997) 40(7-8):243–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POLAK A: Mode of action of morpholine derivatives. Ann NY Arad Sci. (1988) 544:221–228.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• REINEL D: Topical treatment of onychomycosis with amorolfine 5% nail lacquer: comparative efficacy and tolerability of once and twice weekly use. Dermatology (1992) 184(S 1):21–24.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• OKEKE CN, TSUBOI R, KAWAI M, OGAWA H: Fluorometric assessment of In vitro antidermatophytic activities of antimycotics based on their keratin-penetrating power. j Clin. Microbial. (2000) 38(2):489–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAUFFMAN CA, CARVER PL: Use of azoles for systemic antifungal therapy. Adv. Pharmacy]. (1997) 39:143–189.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• STARY A, SARNOW E: Fluconazole in the treatment of tinea corporis and tinea cruris. Dermatology (1998) 196(2):237–241
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DEL ROSSO JQ, GUPTA AK: Oral itraconazole therapy for superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic infections. A panoramic view. Pastgrad. Med. (1999) Sp:46–52.
   Google Scholar
• WILLEMSEN M, DE DONCKER P, WILLEMS J et al.: Posttreatment itraconazole levels in the nail. New implications for treatment in onychomycosis. j Am. Acad. Dermatal (1992) 26(5 Pt 1):731–735.
   Google Scholar
• REDDING S, SMITH J, FARINACCI G etal.: Resistance of Candida albicans to fluconazole during treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in a patient with AIDS: documentation by in vitro susceptibility testing and DNA subtype analysis. Clin. Infect. Dis. (1994) 18(2):240–242.
   Google Scholar
• GOLDMAN M, CLOUD GA, SMEDEMA M et al.: Does long-term itraconazole prophylaxis result in in vitro azole resistance in mucosal Candida albicans isolates from persons with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection? The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses study group. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2000) 44(6):1585–1587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAHAISAVARIYA P, CHAIPRASERT A, SIVAYATHORN A, KHEMNGERN S: Deep fungal and higher bacterial skin infections in Thailand: clinical manifestations and treatment regimens. Int. Dermatal (1999) 38(4):279–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BONIFAZ A, MARTINEZ-SOTO E, CARRASCO-GERARD E, PENICHE J: Treatment of chromoblastomycosis with itraconazole, cryosurgery, and a combination of both. Int. I Dermatal (1997) 36(7):542–547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUMARASINGHE SP, KUMARASINGHE MP: Itraconazole pulse therapy in chromoblastomycosis. Eur. Dermatal (2000) 10(3):220–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RYDER NS, FAVRE B: Antifungal activityand mechanism of action of terbinafine. Rev Contemp. Pharmacother. (1997) 8:275–287.
   Google Scholar
• JESSUP CJ, RYDER NS, GHANNOUM MA: An evaluation of the in vitro activity of terbinafine. Med. Myra. (2000) 38(2):155–159.
   Google Scholar
• MCCLELLAN KJ, WISEMAN LR, MARKHAM A: Terbinafine. An update of its use in superficial mycoses. Drugs (1999) 58(1):179–202.
   Google Scholar
• PEREZ A: Terbinafine: broad new spectrum of indications in several subcutaneous and systemic and parasitic diseases. Mycoses (1999) 42(52):111–114.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HAY RJ: Therapeutic potential of terbinafine in subcutaneous and systemic mycoses. Br j Dermatal (1999) 141:36–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REYES G, DELRIO E, LONG L, RYDER N, GHANNOUM MA: Comparison of the efficacy of oral versus topical terbinafine on Trichophyton mentagrophytes dermatophytosis on a guinea pig model. Abstracts of the 39th Interscierice Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy American Society for Microbiology San Francisco, USA (1999).
   Google Scholar
• HALL M, MONKA C, KRUPP P, O'SULLIVAN D: Safety of oral terbinafine: results of a postmarketing surveillance study in 25,884 patients. Arch. Dermatol (1997) 133(10):1213–1219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FILHO ST, CUCE LC, FOSS NT, MARQUES SA, SANTAMARIA JR: Efficacy, safety and tolerability of terbinafine for tinea capitis in children: Brazilian multicentric study with daily oral tablets for 1, 2 and 4 weeks. j Eur. Acad. Dermatol Venereal. (1998) 11(2):141–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RAVENSCROFT J, GOODFIELD MJ, EVANS EG: Trichophyton tonsurans tinea capitis and tinea corporis: treatment and follow-up of four affected family members. Pediatr: Dermatol (2000) 17(5):407–409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HULL PR, VISMER HF: Treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis with terbinafine. Br. J. Dermatol (1992) 126:51–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ESTERRE E INZAN CK, RAMARCEL ER et al: Treatment of chromomycosis with terbinafine: preliminary results of an open pilot study. Br. J. Dermatol (1996) 134:33–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SEVIGNY GM, RAMOS-CARO FA: Treatment of chromoblastomycosis due to Forisecaea pedrosoi with low-dose terbinafine. Cutis (2000) 66(1):45–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TANUMA H, HIRAMATSU M, MUKAI H et al.: Case report. A case of chromoblastomycosis effectively treated with terbinafine. Characteristics of chromoblastomycosis in the Kitasato region, Japan. Mycoses (2000) 43(1-2):79–83.
   Google Scholar
• FERNANDEZ-TORRES B, VAZQUEZ-VEIGA H, LLOVO X, PEREIRO M JR, GUARRO J: In vitro susceptibility to itraconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole and terbinafine of 100 isolates of Trichophyton rubrum. Chemotherapy (2000) 46(6):390–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAZEN KC: Fungicidal versus fungistaticactivity of terbinafine and itraconazole: an in vitro comparison. j Am. Acad. Dermatol (1998) 38(5 Pt 3):S37–41.
   Google Scholar
• EVANS EG, SIGURGEIRSSON B: Double blind, randomised study of continuous terbinafine compared with intermittent itraconazole in treatment of toenail onychomycosis. The LION Study Group. BMJ(1999) 318:1031–1035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZAIAS N, REBELL G: Onychomycosis treated until the nail is replaced by normal growth or there is failure. Arch. Dermatol. (2000) 136(7):940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CACERES-RIOS H, RUEDA M, BALLONA R, BUSTAMANTE B: Comparison of terbinafine and griseofulvin in the treatment of tinea capitis. j Am. Acad. Dermatol (2000) 42(1 Pt 0:80–84.
   Google Scholar
• BONIFAZ A, SAUL A: Comparative study between terbinafine 1% emulsion-gel versus ketoconazole 2% cream in tinea cruris and tinea corporis. Eur. I Dermatol (2000) 10(2):107–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LESHER JL JR: Oral therapy of common superficial fungal infections of the skin. Am. Acad Dermatol. (1999) 40(6 Pt 2):531–34.
   Google Scholar
• NAKAMURA Y, KANO Y, MURAI T, WATANABE S, HASEGAWA A: Susceptibility testing of Malassezia species using the urea broth microdilution method. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother (2000) 44(8):2185–2186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRENNAN B, LEYDEN JJ: Overview oftopical therapy for common superficial fungal infections and the role of new topical agents. I Am. Acad. Dermatol (1997) 36:S3–S8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAHM WK, ORENGO I, ROSEN T: The antifungal agent butenafine manifests anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. I Am. Acad. Dermatol (1999) 41(2 Pt 0:203–206.
   Google Scholar
• TORRES-RODRIGUEZ JM, MENDEZ R, LOPEZ-JODRA 0 et al: In vitro susceptibilities of clinical yeast isolates to the new antifungal eberconazole compared with their susceptibilities to clotrimazole and ketoconazole. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1999) 43(5):1258–1259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILDFEUER A, SEIDL HP, PAULE I, HABERREITER A: In vitro evaluation of voriconazole against clinical isolates of yeasts, moulds and dermatophytes in comparison with itraconazole, ketoconazole, amphotericin B and griseofulvin. Mycoses (1998) 41(7-8):309–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOHNSON EM, SZEKELY A, WARNOCK DW: In vitro activity of voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B against filamentous fungi. I Antimicrob. Chemother. (1998) 42(6):741–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MCGINNIS MR, PASARREL L, SUTTON DA, FOTHERGILL AW, COOPER CR JR, RINALDI MG: In vitro activity of voriconazole against selected fungi. Med. Mycol. (1998) 36(4):239–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JESSUP CJ, WARNER J, ISHAM N, HASAN I, GHANNOUM MA: Antifungal susceptibility testing of dermatophytes: establishing a medium for inducing conidial growth and evaluation of susceptibility of clinical isolates. j Chia. Microbial. (2000) 38(1):341–344.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FUNG-TOMC JC, HUCZKO E, MINASSIAN B, BONNER DP: In vitro activity of a new oral triazole,BMS-207147(ER-30346) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (1998) 42(2):313–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARILLO AJ, GUARRO J: In vitro activities of four novel triazoles against Scedosporkmi spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. (2001) 45:2151–2153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REYES G, LONG L, GHANNOUM MA: Efficacy of BMS-207174 on Trichophyton mentagrophytes dermatophytosis in guinea pig model. Abstracts of the 146 International Society for Human arid Animal Mycology Conference. Buenos Aires, Argentina (2000).
   Google Scholar
• TATSUMI Y, SENDA H, YOKOO M: Therapeutic efficacy of KP-103 in a guinea pig model of onychomycosis. Abstracts of the 40th Interscierice Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Toronto, Canada. (2000) American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
   Google Scholar
• YANG D, MICHEL L, CHAUMONT JP, MILLET- CLERCJ: Use of caryophyllene oxide as an antifungal agent in an in vitro experimental model of onychomycosis. Mycopathologia (2000) 148(2):79–82.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CASTELLANO S, LA COLLA P, MUSIU C, STEFANCICH G: Azole antifungal agents related to naftifine and butenafine. Arch. Pharm. (Weinheim). (2000) 333(6):162–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POLAK A: Combination therapy for systemic mycosis. Infection (1989) 17(4):203–209.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RYDER NS: Activity of terbinafine against serious fungal pathogens. Mycoses (1999) 42(S 2):115–119.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BARCHIESI F, DI FRANCESCO LF, COMPAGNUCCI P, ARZENI D, GIACOMETTI A, SCALISE G: In-vitro interaction of terbinafine with amphotericin B, fluconazole and itraconazole against clinical isolates of Candida albicaris. Antimicrob. Chemother. (1998) 41(1):59–65.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BARCHIESI F, FALCONI DI FRANCESCO L, SCALISE G: In vitro activities of terbinafine in combination with fluconazole and itraconazole against isolates of Candida albicaris with reduced susceptibility to azoles. Antlinicrob. Agents Chernother. (1997) 41(8):1812–1814.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ENGELKENS HJ, NAAFS B: Mycetoma. Br. J. DennatoL (1994) 131(5):722–723.
   Google Scholar
• GHANNOUM MA, ELEWSKI B: Successful treatment of fluconazole-resistant oropharyngeal candidiasis by a combination of fluconazole and terbinafine. CBI]. Diagn Lab. bronurroL (1999) 6(6):921–923.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WEIG M, MULLER FC: Synergism of Voriconazole and Terbinafine against Candida albicans Isolates from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis. Antlinicrob Agents Chernother (2001) 45(3):966–968.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RYDER NS, LEITNER I: Synergistic interaction of terbinafine with triazoles or amphotericin B against Aspergillus species. Med. Mycol. (2001) 39(1):91–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar