Bibliography
- BOURNE J: Tackling obesity in England. National Audit Office. (2001):1–72.
- FOXCROFT DR, MILNE R: Orlistat for the treatment of obesity: rapid review and cost effectiveness model. (2000) 1:121–126.
- STOCK MJ: 1997 Sibutramine: a review of the pharmacology of a novel anti-obesity agent. Int. j Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. (1997) 21\(Suppl. 1):525–529.
- FINER N: Sibutramine: its mode of action and efficacy. Int. j Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. (2002) 26 Suppl. 4:S29–S33.
- FINER N: Pharmacotherapy of obesity. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. (2002) 16:717–742.
- MITCHELL JE, LANCASTER KL, BURGARD MA et al.: Long-term follow- up of patients' status after gastric bypass. Obes. Surg-. (2001) 11:464–468.
- SARSON DL, SCOPINARO N, BLOOM SR: Gut hormone changes after jejunoileal (JIB) or biliopancreatic (BPB) bypass surgery for morbid obesity. Int. J. Obes. (1981) 5:471–480.
- CUMMINGS DE, SHANNON MH: Ghrelin and gastric bypass: is there a hormonal contribution to surgical weight loss? J. Clin. Endocrinol Metab. (2003) 88:2999–3002.
- CUMMINGS DE, WEIGLE DS, FRAYO RS et al.: Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery. N Engl. J. Med. (2002) 346:1623–1630.
- CUMMINGS DE, SHANNON MH: Roles for ghrelin in the regulation of appetite and body weight. Arch. Surg-. (203) 138:389–396.
- KOJIMA M, KANGAWA K: Ghrelin, anorexigenic signaling molecule from the gastrointestinal tract. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol (2002) 2:665–668.
- MORAN TH, SCHWARTZ GJ: Neurobiology of cholecystokinin. Crit. Rev. NeurobioL (1994) 9:1–28.
- BATTERHAM RL, COWLEY MA, SMALL CJ et al.: Gut hormone PYY(3–36) physiologically inhibits food intake. Nature (2004) 418:650-654. First publication indicating that PYY infusion reduces food intake in humans.
- BATTERHAM RL, COHEN MA, ELLIS SM et al.: Inhibition of food intake in obese subjects by peptide YY3_36. N Engl. J. Med. (2003) 349:941-948. First publication suggesting that PYY reduces food intake in both lean and obese individuals.
- DOGGRELL SA: Can food intake be reduced with peptide YY-3_36? Expert Opin. Investig Drugs (2004) 13:285–287.
- COHEN MA, ELLIS SM, LE ROUX CW et al.: 2003 Oxyntomodulin suppresses appetite and reduces food intake in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (2003) 88:4696–4701.
- BATTERHAM RI,, LE ROUX CW, COHEN MA et al.: Pancreatic polypeptide reduces appetite and food intake in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (2003) 88:3989–3992.
- WREN AM, SMALL CJ, ABBOTT CR et al.: Ghrelin causes hyperphagia and obesity in rats. Diabetes (2001) 50:2540–2547.
- WREN AM, SEAL LJ, COHEN MA et ell.: Ghrelin enhances appetite and increases food intake in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol.32.Metab. (2001) 86:5992.
- SCHWARTZ MW, WOODS SC, PORTE D Jr, SEELEY RJ, BASKIN DG:33.Central nervous system control of food intake. Nature (2000) 404:661–671.
- KALRA SP, DUBE MG, PUS, XU B, HORVATH TL, KALRA PS: Interacting34.appetite-regulating pathways in the hypothalamic regulation of body weight. Endocr. Rev. (1999) 20:68–100.
- CONE RD, COWLEY MA, BUTLER AA, FAN W, MARKS DL, LOW MJ: The arcuate nucleus as a conduit for diverse signals relevant to energy homeostasis. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. (2001) 2\(Suppl. 5):563–567.
- CONVEY MA, CONE RD, ENRIORI P,36.LOUISELLE I, -WILLIAMS SM, EVANS AE: Electrophysiological actions of peripheral hormones on melanocortin neurons. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (2003) 994:175–186.
- BARSH GS, FAROOQI IS, O'RAHILLY S: Genetics of body-weight regulation. Nature (2000) 404:644–651.
- O'RAHILLY S: Life without leptin. Nature(1998) 392:330–331.
- TATEMOTO K, MUTT V: Isolation of two novel candidate hormones using a chemical method for finding naturally occurring polypeptides. Nature (1980) 285:417–418.
- HOYLE CH: Neuropeptide families and their receptors: evolutionary perspectives. Brain Res. (1999) 848:1–25.
- LARHAMMAR D: Structural diversity of receptors for neuropeptide Y, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide. Regul. Pept. (1996) 65:165–174.
- BALASABRUMANIAM AA: Neuropeptide Y family of hormones: receptor subtypes and antagonists. Peptides (1997) 18:445–457.
- CLAUSTRE J, BRECHET S, PLAISANCIE P, CHAYVIELLE JA, CUBER JC: Stimulatory effect of 0-adrenergic agonists on ileal L cell secretion and modulation by a-adrenergic activation. J. Endocrinol. (1999) 162:271–278.
- ADRIAN TE, FERRI GL, BACARESE-HAMILTON AJ, FUESSL HS, POLAK JM, BLOOM SR: Human distribution and release of a putative new gut hormone, peptide YY. Gastroenterology (1985) 89:1070–1077.
- EKBLAD E, SUNDLER F: Distribution of pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY. Peptides (2002) 23:251–261.
- OKADA S, OHSHIMA K, MORI M, TATEMOTO K: Peripheral not central administered PYY decreases high fat diet intake. (1993):180.
- BATTERHAM RL, BLOOM SR: The gut hormone peptide YY regulates appetite. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (2003) 994:162–168.
- MARTIN NM, SMALL CJ, SAJEDI A, PATTERSON M, GHATEI MA, BLOOM SR: Pre-obese and obese agouti mice are sensitive to the anorectic effects of peptide YY(3-36) but resistant to ghrelin. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. (2004) 28:886–893.
- HALATCHEV IG, ELLACOTT KL, FAN W, CONE RD: Peptide YY3_36 inhibits food intake in mice through a melanocortin-4 receptor-independent mechanism. Endocrinology (2004) 145:2585–2590.
- CHALLIS BG, PINNOCK SB, COLL AP, CARTER RN, DICKSON SL, O'RAHILLY S: Acute effects of PYY-5_36 on food intake and hypothalamic neuropeptide expression in the mouse. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2003) 311:915–919.
- KODA S, DATE Y, MURAKAMI N et aL: The role of the vagal nerve in peripheral PYY3_36-induced feeding reduction in rats. Endocrinology (2005).
- CORP ES, MELVILLE LD, GREENBERG D, GIBBS J, SMITH GP: Effect of fourth ventricular neuropeptide Y and peptide YY on ingestive and other behaviors. Am. J. PhysioL (1990) 259:R317–R323.
- O'SHEA D, MORGAN DG, MEERAN K et al.: Neuropeptide Y induced feeding in the rat is mediated by a novel receptor. Endocrinology (1997) 138:196–202.
- STANLEY BG, LEIBOWITZ SF: Neuropeptide Y injected in the paraventricular hypothalamus: a powerful stimulant of feeding behavior. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1985) 82:3940–3943.
- HAGAN MM, CASTANEDA E, SUMAYA IC, FLEMING SM, GALLOWAY J, MOSS DE: The effect of hypothalamic peptide YY on hippocampal acetylcholine release in vivo: implications for limbic function in binge-eating behavior. Brain Res. (1998) 805:20–28.
- KANATANI A, MASHIKO S, MURAT N et al.: Role of the Y1 receptor in the regulation of neuropeptide Y-mediated feeding: comparison of wild-type, Y1 receptor-deficient, and Y5 receptor-deficient mice. Endocrinology (2000) 141:1011–1016.
- TSCHOP M, CASTANEDA TR, JOOST HG et al.: Physiology: does gut hormone PYY-5_36 decrease food intake in rodents? Nature (2004) 430:1.
- •Not all authors agree that PYY inhibits food intake.
- CHALLIS BG, COLL AP, YEO GS et al.:Mice lacking pro-opiomelanocortin are sensitive to high-fat feeding but respond normally to the acute anorectic effects of peptide-YY(3-36). Proc. NatL Acad. Sci. USA (2004) 101:4695–4700.
- MORAN TH, SMEDH U, KINZIG KP, SCOTT KA, KNIPP S, LADENHEIM EE: Peptide YY(3-36) inhibits gastric emptying and produces acute reductions in food intake in rhesus monkeys. Am. J. PhysioL Regul. Integr. Comp. PhysioL (2005) 288:R384–R388.
- RIEDIGER T, BOTHE C, BECSKEI C,LUTZ TA: Peptide YY directly inhibits ghrelin-activated neurons of the arcuate nucleus and reverses fasting-induced c-Fos expression. Neuroendocrinology (2004) 79:317–326.
- COX JE, RANDICH A: Enhancement of feeding suppression by PYY(3-36) in rats with area postrema ablations. Peptides (2004) 25:985–989.
- ONAGA T, ZABIELSKI R, KATO S: Multiple regulation of peptide YY secretion in the digestive tract. Peptides (2002) 23:279–290.
- FRIEDMAN JM, HALAAS JL: Leptin and the regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature (1998) 395:763–770.
- TSCHOP M, WEYER C, TATARANNI PA, DEVANARAYAN V, RAVUSSIN E, HEIMAN ML: Circulating ghrelin levels are decreased in human obesity. Diabetes (2001) 50:707–709.
- BEDNAREK MA, FEIGHNER SD, PONG SS et al.: Structure-function studies on the new growth hormone-releasing peptide, ghrelin: minimal sequence of ghrelin necessary for activation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor la. J. Med. Chem. (2000) 43:4370–4376.
- NASHUND E, GRYBACK P, HELLSTROM PM et al.: Gastrointestinal hormones and gastric emptying 20 years after jejunoileal bypass for massive obesity. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. (1997) 21:387–392.
- LE ROUX CW, SHUREY S, GHATEI MA, BLOOM SR: PYY and decreased appetite following jejunum intestinal bypass in rats. (2003).
Website
- http://www.nastech.com Nastech website.