VEGF/VEGFR signalling as a target for inhibiting angiogenesis

Bibliography

• BAILAR JC III, GORNIK HL: Cancer undefeated. N. Engl. J. Med. (1997) 336:1569-1574.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOEHM T, FOLKMAN J, BROWDER T et al.: Antiangiogenic therapy of experimental cancer does not induce acquired drug resistance. Nature (1997) 390:404-407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RISAU W: Mechanism of angiogenesis. Nature (1997) 386:671-674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KLAGSBRUN M, MOSES MA: Molecular angiogenesis. Chem. Biol. (1999) 6:R217-R224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RISAU W: Mechanisms of angiogenesis. Nature (1997) 386:671-674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HANAHAN D, FOLKMAN J: Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis. Cell (1996) 86:353-364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FOLKMAN J, KLAGSBURN M: Angiogenic factors. Science (1987) 235:442-447.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FERRARA N, DAVIS-SMYTH T: The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor. Endocr. Rev. (1997) 18:4-25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ESKENS F: Angiogenesis inhibitors in clinical development; where are we now and where are we going? Br. J. Cancer (2004) 90:1-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OLSSON A-K, DIMBERG A, KREUGER J et al.: VEGF receptor signaling-in control of vascular function. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. (2006) 7:359-371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KARKKAINEN MJ, PETROVA TV: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in the regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Oncogene (2000) 19:5598-5605.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DVORAK HF: Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor: a critical cytokine in tumor angiogenesis and a potential target for diagnosis and therapy. J. Clin. Oncol. (2002) 20:4368-4380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAGY JA, VASILE E, FENG D et al.: Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor induces lymphangiogenesis as well as angiogenesis. J. Exp. Med. (2002) 196:1497-1506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MULLER YA, LI B, CHRISTINGER HW et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor: crystal structure and functional mapping of the kinase domain receptor binding site. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1997) 94:7192-7197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DE FALCO S, GIGANTE B, PERSICO MG: Structure and function of placental growth factor. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. (2002) 12:241-246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEE S, JILANI SM, NIKOLOVA GV et al.: Processing of VEGF-A by matrix metalloproteinases regulates bioavailability and vascular patterning in tumors. J. Cell Biol. (2005) 169:681-691.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHIBUYA M, YAMAGUCHI S, YAMANE A et al.: Nucleotide sequence and expression of a novel human receptor-type tyrosine kinase gene (flt) closely related to the fms family. Oncogene (1990) 5:519-524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TERMAN BI, DOUGHER-VERMAZEN M, CARRION ME et al.: Identification of the KDR tyrosine kinase as a receptor for vascular endothelial cell growth factor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1992) 187:1579-1586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GALLAND F, KARAMYSHEVAA, PEBUSQUE M-J et al.: The FLT4 gene encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase related to the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. Oncogene (1993) 8:1233-1240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAJUSOLA K, APRELIKOVA O, ARMSTRONG E et al.: Two human FLT4 receptor tyrosine kinase isoforms with distinct carboxy terminal tails are produced by alternative processing of primary transcripts. Oncogene (1993) 8:2931-2937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVIS-SMYTH T, CHEN H, PARK J et al.: The second immunoglobulin-like domain of the VEGF tyrosine kinase receptor Flt-1 determines ligand binding and may initiate a signal transduction cascade. EMBO J. (1996) 15:4919-4927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BARLEON B, TOTZKE F, HERZOG C et al.: Mapping of the sites for ligand binding and receptor dimerization at the extracellular domain of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor FLT-1. J. Biol. Chem. (1997) 272:10382-10388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CUNNINGHAM SA, STEPHAN CC, ARRATE MP et al.: Identification of the extracellular domains of Flt-1 that mediate ligand interactions. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1997) 231:596-599.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WIESMANN C, FUH G, CHRISTINGER HW et al.: Crystal structure at 1.7 A resolution of VEGF in complex with domain 2 of the Flt-1 receptor. Cell (1997) 91:695-704.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHRISTINGER HW, FUH G, DE VOS AM et al.: The crystal structure of placental growth factor in complex with domain 2 of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) 279:10382-10388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FUH G, LI B, CROWLEY C et al.: Requirements for binding and signaling of the kinase domain receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor. J. Biol. Chem. (1998) 273:11197-11204.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BLECHMAN JM, LEV S, BARG J et al.: The fourth immunoglobulin domain of the stem cell factor receptor couples ligand binding to signal transduction. Cell (1995) 80:103-113.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MIYAZAWA K, BACKSTROM G, LEPPANEN O et al.: Role of immunoglobulin-like domains 2-4 of the platelet-derived growth factor α-receptor in ligand-receptor complex assembly. J. Biol. Chem. (1998) 273:25495-25502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHIBUYA M: Structure and dual function of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (Flt-1). Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. (2001) 33:409-420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHIBUYA M, ITO N, CLAESSON-WELSH L: Structure and function of VEGF receptor-1 and -2. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. (1999) 237:59-83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHIBUYA M: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor family genes: when did the three genes phylogenetically segregate? Biol. Chem. (2002) 383:1573-1579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EASWARAN V, LEE SH, INGE L et al.: β-Catenin regulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression in colon cancer. Cancer Res. (2003) 63:3145-3153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEI D, LE X, ZHENG L et al.: Stat3 activation regulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and human pancreatic cancer angiogenesis and metastasis. Oncogene (2003) 22:319-329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUCHLER P, REBER HA, BUCHLER M et al.: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 regulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human pancreatic cancer. Pancreas (2003) 26:56-64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PUGH CW, RATCLIFFE PJ: Regulation of angiogenesis by hypoxia: role of the HIF system. Nat. Med. (2003) 9:677-684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GERBER HP, CONDORELLI F, PARK J et al.: Differential transcriptional regulation of the two vascular endothelial growth factor receptor genes. Flt-1, but not Flk-1/KDR, is up-regulated by hypoxia. J. Biol. Chem. (1997) 272:23659-23667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ELVERT G, KAPPEL A, HEIDENREICH R et al.: Cooperative interaction of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) and Ets-1 in the transcriptional activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (Flk-1). J. Biol. Chem. (2003) 278:7520-7530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NILSSON I, ROLNY C, WU Y et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 in hypoxia-induced vascular development. FASEB J. (2004) 18:1507-1515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCHLESSINGER J, ULLRICH A: Growth factor signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases. Neuron (1992) 9:383-391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DIXELIUS J, MAKINEN T, WIRZENIUS M et al.: Ligand-induced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) heterodimerization with VEGFR-2 in primary lymphatic endothelial cells regulates tyrosine phosphorylation sites. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) 278:40973-40979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZENG H, ZHAO D, YANG S et al.: Heterotrimeric Gαq/Gα11 proteins function upstream of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2 (KDR) phosphorylation in vascular permeability factor/VEGF signaling. J. Biol. Chem. (2003) 278:20738-20745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GALLICCHIO M, MITOLA S, VALDEMBRI D et al.: Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2-mediated endothelial cell activation by Axl tyrosine kinase receptor. Blood (2005) 105:1970-1976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUO DQ, WU LW, DUNBAR JD et al.: Tumor necrosis factor employs a protein-tyrosine phosphatase to inhibit activation of KDR and vascular endothelial cell growth factor induced endothelial cell proliferation. J. Biol. Chem. (2000) 275:11216-11221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SINGH AJ, MEYER RD, BAND H et al.: The carboxyl terminus of VEGFR-2 is required for PKC mediated down-regulation. Mol. Biol. Cell (2005) 16:2106-2118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HIRATSUKA S, MINOWA O, KUNO J et al.: Flt-1 lacking the tyrosine kinase domain is sufficient for normal development and angiogenesis in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1998) 95:9349-9354.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BARLEON B, SOZZANI S, ZHOU D et al.: Migration of human monocytes in response to vascular endothelilal growth factor (VEGF) is mediated via the VEGF receptor flt-1. Blood (1996) 87:3336-3343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CLAUSS M, WEICHT H, BREIER G et al.: The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor Flt-1 mediates biological activities. J. Biol. Chem. (1996) 271:17629-17634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAWANO A, IWAI S, SAKURAI Y et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (Flt-1) is a novel cell surface marker for the lineage of monocyte-macrophages in humans. Blood (2001) 97:785-791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VEIKKOLA T, JUSSILA L, MAKINEN T et al.: Signalling via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 is sufficient for lymphangiogenesis in transgenic mice. EMBO J. (2001) 20:1223-1231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROWN LF, BERSE B, JACKMAN RW et al.: Expression of vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) and its receptors in adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Cancer Res. (1993) 53:4727-4735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LINDMARK G, GERDIN B, SUNDBERG C et al.: Prognostic significance of the microvascular count in colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (1996) 14:461-466.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PERONA R: Cell signalling: growth factors and tyrosine kinase receptors. Clin. Transl. Oncol. (2006) 8:77-82.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• JIN T, NAKATANI H, TAGUCHI T et al.: STI571 (Glivec) suppresses the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell line, GIST-T1. World J. Gastroenterol. (2006) 12:703-708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SOMA T, KAGANOI J, KAWABE A et al.: Chenodeoxycholic acid stimulates the progression of human esophageal cancer cells: a possible mechanism of angiogenesis in patients with esophageal cancer. Int. J. Cancer (2006) 119:771-782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ITAKURA J, ISHIWATA T, SHEN B et al.: Concomitant over-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in pancreatic cancer. Int. J. Cancer (2000) 85:27-34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHUNG GG, YOON HH, ZERKOWSKI MP et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor, FLT-1, and FLK-1 analysis in a pancreatic cancer tissue microarray. Cancer (2006) 106:1677-1684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROWN LF, BERSE B, JACKMAN RW et al.: Expression of vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) and its receptors in breast cancer. Human Path. (1995) 26:86-91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEIDNER N, SEMPLE P, WELCH W et al.: Tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Correlation in invasive breast carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. (1991) 32:1-6.
   Google Scholar
• PRICE DJ, MIRALEM T, JIANG S et al.: Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the stimulation of cellular invasion and signaling of breast cancer cells. Cell Growth Differ. (2001) 12:129-135.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BACHELDER RE, CRAGO A, CHUNG J et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor is an autocrine survival factor for neuropiline expressing breast carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. (2001) 61:5736-5740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TOI M, BANDO H, WEICH HA.: Vascular endothelial growth factor and its relationships with endogenous inhibitors in a breast cancer microenvironment manipulated by hormonal therapy: a hypothetical consideration. Biomed. Pharmacother. (2005) 59:344-347.
   Google Scholar
• TANIGAWA N, AMAYA H, MATSUMURA M et al.: Extent of tumor vascularization correlates with prognosis and hematogenous metastasis in gastric carcinoma. Cancer Res. (1996) 56:2671-2676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YU LF, CHENG Y, QIAO MM et al.: Activation of STAT3 signaling in human stomach adenocarcinoma drug-resistant cell line and its relationship with expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. World J. Gastroenterol. (2005) 11:875-879.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUIDI A, ABU-JAWDEH G, BERSE B et al.: Vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) expression and angiogenesis in cervical neoplasia. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1995) 87:1237-1245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SILLMAN F, BOYCE J, FRUCHTER R: The significance of atypical vessels and neovascularization in cervical neoplasias. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. (1981) 139:154-157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GOMBOS Z, XU X, CHU CS et al.: Peritumoral lymphatic vessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor C expression in early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Clin. Cancer Res. (2005) 11:8364-8371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROWN LF, BERSE B, JACKMAN RW et al.: Increased expression of vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) and its receptors in kidney and bladder carcinomas. Am. J. Pathol. (1993) 143:1255-1262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOCHNER BH, COTE RJ, WEIDNER N et al.: Angiogenesis in bladder cancer: relationship between microvessel density and tumor prognosis. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1995) 87:1603-1612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• XIA G, KUMAR SR, HAWES D et al.: Expression and significance of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in bladder cancer. J. Urol. (2006) 175:1245-1252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BIGLER SA, DEERING RE, BRAWER MK: Comparison of microscopic vascularity in benign and malignant prostatic tissue. Human Pathol. (1993) 24:220-226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SOULITZIS N, KARYOTIS I, DELAKAS D et al.: Expression analysis of peptide growth factors VEGF, FGF2, TGFB1, EGF and IGF1 in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int. J. Oncol. (2006) 29:305-314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OLSON TA, MOHANRAJ D, CARSON LF et al.: Vascular permeability factor gene expression in normal and neoplastic human ovaries. Cancer Res. (1994) 54:276-280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GASPARINI G, BONOLDI E, VIALE G et al.: Prognostic and predictive value of tumour angiogenesis in ovarian carcinomas. Int. J. Cancer (1996) 69:205-211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOOCOCK CA, CHARNOCK-JONES DS, SHARKEY AM et al.: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors flt and KDR in ovarian carcinoma. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1995) 87:506-516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUIDI AJ, ABU-JAWDEH G, TOGNAZZI K et al.: Expression of vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) and its receptors in endometrial carcinoma. Cancer (1996) 78:454-460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FUJIMOTO J, SAKAGUCHI H, HIROSE R et al.: Progestins suppress estrogen-induced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) subtypes in uterine endometrial cancer cells. Cancer Lett. (1999) 141:63-71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LITZ J, KRYSTAL GW: Imatinib inhibits c-Kit-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activity and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in small cell lung cancer cells. Mol. Cancer Ther. (2006) 5:1415-1422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MACCHIARINI P, FONTANINI G, HARDIN MJ et al.: Relation of neovascularisation to metastasis of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Lancet (1992) 340:145-146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HILBE W, DIRNHOFER S, OBERWASSERLECHNER F et al.: CD133 positive endothelial progenitor cells contribute to the tumour vasculature in non-small cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Pathol. (2004) 57(9):965-969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LANGER CJ, NATALE RB: The emerging role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Semin. Oncol. (2005) 32:23-29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PLATE KH, BREIER G, WEICH HA et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor is a potential tumor angiogenesis factor in human glioma in vivo. Nature (1992) 359:845-848.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LI VW, FOLKERTH RD, WATANABE H et al.: Microvessel count and cerebrospinal fluid basic fibroblast growth factor in children with brain tumors. Lancet (1994) 344:82-86.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DONOVAN EA, KUMMAR S et al.: Targeting VEGF in cancer therapy. Curr. Probl. Cancer (2006) 30:7-32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GILLE J: Antiangiogenic cancer therapies get their act together: current developments and future prospects of growth factor- and growth factor receptor-targeted approaches. Exp. Dermatol. (2006) 15:175-186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BROWN LF, TOGNAZZI K, DVORAK H et al.: Strong expression of KDR, a vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma and cutaneous angiosarcoma. Am. J. Pathol. (1995) 148:1065-1074.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GASPARINI G, WEIDNER N, MALUTA S et al.: Intratumoral microvessel density and p53 protein: correlation with metastasis in head-and-neck squamous-cell carcinomas. Int. J. Cancer (1993) 55:739-744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BERKMAN RA, MERRILL MJ, REINHOLD WC et al.: Expression of vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor gene in central nervous system neoplasms. J. Clin. Invest. (1993) 91:153-159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WIZIGMANN-VOOS S, BREIER G, RISAU W et al.: Up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in von Hippel-Lindau disease associated and sporadic hemangioblastomas. Cancer Res. (1995) 55:1358-1364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BELLAMY WT, RICHTER L, FRUTIGER Y et al.: Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in hematopoietic malignancies. Cancer Res. (1999) 59:728-733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STRIZZI L, CATALANO A, VIANALE G et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor is an autocrine growth factor in human malignant mesothelioma. J. Pathol. (2001) 193:468-475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISLAM A, BANERJEE S, KAMBHAMPATI S et al.: Angiogenic switch in Barrett’s adenocarcinoma: the role of vascular endothelial growth factor. Front Biosci. (2006) 1:2336-2348.
   Google Scholar
• NAGASHIMA M, YOSHINO S, ISHIWATA T et al.: Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in angiogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheumatol. (1995) 22:1624-1630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LUTTUN A, TJWA M, MOONS L et al.: Revascularisation of ischemic tissues by PIGF treatment, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, arthritis and atherosclerosis by anti-Flt1. Nat. Med. (2002) 8:831-840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NG EW, SHIMA DT, CALIAS P et al.: Pegaptanib, a targeted anti-VEGF aptamer for ocular vascular disease. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. (2006) 5:123-132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FOLKMAN J: Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nat. Med. (1995) 1:27-31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DETMAR M, BROWN LF, CLAFFEY KP et al.: Overexpression of vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor and it receptors in psoriasis. J. Exp. Med. (1994) 180:1141-1146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHITE PJ, ATLEY LM, WRAIGHT CJ: Antisense oligonucleotide treatments for psoriasis. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. (2004) 4(1):75-81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• THOMAS S, VANUYSTEL J, GRUNDEN G et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in human mesangium in vitro and in glomerular disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (2000) 11:1236-1243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDONALD DM: Angiogenesis and remodeling of airway vasculature in chronic inflammation. Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med. (2001) 164:39-45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CELLETTI F, WAUGH J, AMABILE P et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor enhances atherosclerotic plague progression. Nat. Med. (2001) 7:425-429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ABRAMSON LP, PAHL E, HUANG L et al.: Serum vascular endothelial growth factor as a surveillance marker for cellular rejection in pediatric cardiac transplantation. Transplantation (2002) 73:153-156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KIVELA R, SILVENNOINEN M, TOUVRA AM et al.: Effects of experimental Type 1 diabetes and exercise training on angiogenic gene expression and capillarization in skeletal muscle. FASEB J. (2006) 20:1570-1572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KARPANEN T, HECKMAN CA, KESKITALO S et al.: Functional interaction of VEGF-C and VEGF-D with neuropilin receptors. FASEB J. (2006) 20:1462-1472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HANAHAN D, FOLKMAN J: Patterns and emerging mechanisms of the angiogenic switch during tumorigenesis. Cell (1996) 86:353-364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HANAHAN D, WEINBERG RA: The hallmarks of cancer. Cell (2000) 100:57-70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BOUCK N, STELLMACH V, HSU SC: How tumors become angiogenic. Adv. Cancer Res. (1996) 69:135-174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KERBEL RS: A cancer therapy resistant to resistance. Nature (1997) 390:335-336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GASTL G, HERMANN T, STEURER M et al.: Angiogenesis as a target for tumor treatment. Oncology (1997) 54:177-184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAARISTO A, KARPANEN T, ALITALO K: Mechanisms of angiogenesis and their use in the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. Oncogene (2000) 19:6122-6129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARDONES AR, BANEZ LL: VEGF inhibitors in cancer therapy. Curr. Pharm. Des. (2006) 12:387-394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HICKLIN DJ, WITTE L, ZHU Z et al.: Monoclonal antibody strategies to block angiogenesis. Drug Discov. Today (2001) 6:517-528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KIM KJ, LI B, WINER J et al.: Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor induced angiogenesis suppresses tumour growth in vivo. Nature (1993) 362:841-844.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FERRARA N, HILLAN KJ, GERBER HP et al.: Discovery and development of bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF antibody for treating cancer. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. (2004) 3:391-400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KRZYSTOFIK MG, AFSHARI MA, ADAMIS AP et al.: Prevention of experimental choroidal neovascularization with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody fragment. Arch. Ophthalmol. (2002) 120:338-346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROSENFELD PJ, SCHWARTZ SD, BLUMENKRANZ MS et al.: Maximum tolerated dose of a humanized anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody fragment for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology (2005) 112:1048-1053.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAYSON GC, MULATERO C, RANSON M et al.: Anti-VEGF antibody HuMV833: An EORTC biological treatment development group Phase I toxicity, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2001) 20:14 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• MULATERO C, JAYSON G, WAGSTAFF J et al.: Phase I safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of recombinant human anti-VEGF antibody HuMV833 in patients with advanced cancer. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38:253 (Abstract).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAYSON GC, MULATERO C, RANSON M et al.: Phase I investigation of recombinant anti-human vascular endothelial growth factor antibody in patients with advanced cancer. Eur. J. Cancer (2005) 41:555-563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZHU Z, WITTE L: Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by targeting tumor-associated angiogenesis with antagonists to the receptors of vascular endothelial growth factor. Investig. New Drugs (1999) 17:195-212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PREWETT M, HUBER J, LI Y et al.: Antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor (fetal liver kinase 1) monoclonal antibody inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth of several mouse and human tumors. Cancer Res. (1999) 59:5209-5218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRUNS CJ, LIU W, DAVIS DW et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor is an in vivo survival factor for tumor endothelium in a murine model of colorectal carcinoma liver metastases. Cancer (Phila.) (2000) 89:488-499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LU D, KUSSIE P, PYTOWSKI B et al.: Identification of the residues in the extracellular region of KDR important for interaction with endothelial growth factor and neutralizing anti-KDR antibodies. J. Biol. Chem. (2000) 19:14321-14330.
   Google Scholar
• ZHU Z, ROCKWELL P, LU D et al.: Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced receptor activation with anti-kinase insert domain containing receptor single-chain antibodies from a phage display library. Cancer Res. (1998) 58:3209-3214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• POSEY JA, NG TC, YANG B: A Phase I study of anti-kinase insert domain-containing receptor antibody, IMC-1C11, in patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. (2003) 9:1323-1332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZHU Z, HATTORI K, ZHANG H et al.: Inhibition of human leukemia in an animal model with human antibodies directed against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2. Correlation between antibody affinity and biological activity. Leukemia (2003) 17:604-611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CAMIDGE DR: A Phase I dose-escalation study of weekly IMC-1121B, a fully human anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) IgG1 monoclonal antibody (Mab), in patients (pts) with advanced cancer. 42nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, Atlanta, USA (2006):3032 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• KADAMBI A, CARREIRA CM, YUN CO et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C differentially affects tumor vascular function and leukocyte recruitment: role of VEGF-receptor 2 and host VEGF-A. Cancer Res. (2001) 61:2404-2408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ELLINGTON AD, SZOSTAK JW: In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands. Nature (1990) 346:818-822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BUERGER C, GRONER B: Bifunctional recombinant proteins in cancer therapy: cell penetrating peptide aptamers as inhibitors of growth factor signaling. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. (2003) 129:669-675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GRAGOUDAS ES, ADAMIS AP, CUNNINGHAM ET Jr: Pegaptanib for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N. Engl. J. Med. (2004) 351:2805-2816.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAYASENA SD: Aptamers: an emerging class of molecules that rival antibodies in diagnostics. Clin. Chem. (1999) 45:1628-1650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RIMMELE M: Nucleic acid aptamers as tools and drugs: recent developments. Chembiochem. (2003) 4:963-971.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NIMJEE SM, RUSCONI CP, SULLENGER BA: Aptamers: an emerging class of therapeutics. Ann. Rev. Med. (2005) 56:555-583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USMAN N, BEIGELMAN L, McSWIGGEN JA: Hammerhead ribozyme engineering. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. (1996) 6:527-533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• USMAN N, BLATT LM: Nuclease-resistant synthetic ribozymes: developing a new class of therapeutics. J. Clin. Invest. (2000) 106:1197-1202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PAVCO PA, BOUHANA KS, GALLEGOS AM et al.: Antitumor and antimetastatic activity of ribozymes targeting the messenger RNA of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors. Clin. Cancer Res. (2000) 6:2094-2103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PARRY TJ, CUSHMAN C, GALLEGOS AM et al.: Bioactivity of anti-angiogenic ribozymes targeting flt-1 and KDR mRNA. Nucleic Acids Res. (1999) 27:2569-2577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SANDBERG JA, PARKER VP, BLANCHARD KS et al.: Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of an antiangiogenic ribozyme (Angiozyme) in healthy volunteers. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2000) 40:1462-1469.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DAVID EW, PAUL AM, SUSAN FR et al.: A Phase I clinical trial of a ribozyme-based angiogenesis inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 for patients with refractory solid tumors. Mol. Cancer Ther. (2005) 4:948-955.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KASHANI-SABET M: Non-viral delivery of ribozymes for cancer gene therapy. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. (2004) 4:1749-1755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARDONES AR, BANEZ LL: VEGF inhibitors in cancer therapy. Curr. Pharm. Des. (2006) 12:387-394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KENDALL RL, THOMAS KA: Inhibition of vascular endothelial cell growth factor activity by an endogenously encoded soluble receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1993) 90:10705-10709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KUO CJ, FARNEBO F, YU EY et al.: Comparative evaluation of the antitumor activity of antiangiogenic proteins delivered by gene transfer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2001) 98:4605-4610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GERBER HP, VU TH, RYAN AM et al.: VEGF couples hypertrophic cartilage remodeling, ossification and angiogenesis during endochondral bone formation. Nat. Med. (1999) 5:623-628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FERRARA N, CHEN H, DAVIS-SMYTH T et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor is essential for corpus luteum angiogenesis. Nat. Med. (1998) 4:336-340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GERBER HP, VU TH, RYAN AM et al.: VEGF couples hypertrophic cartilage remodeling, ossification and angiogenesis during endochondral bone formation. Nat. Med. (1999) 5:623-628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOLASH J, DAVIS S, PAPADOPOULOS N et al.: VEGF-Trap: a VEGF blocker with potent antitumor effects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2002) 99:11393-11398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAU SC, ROSA DD, JAYSON G: Technology evaluation: VEGF Trap (cancer), Regeneron/Sanofi-Aventis. Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. (2005) 7:493-501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAISHIN Y, SAISHIN Y, TAKAHASHI K et al.: VEGF-TRAP (R1R2) suppresses choroidal neovascularization and VEGF-induced breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. J. Cell. Physiol. (2003) 195:241-248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DUPONT J: Phase I study of VEGF Trap in patients with solid tumors and lymphoma. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2003) 22:776 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• HARDING TC, LALANI AS, ROBERTS BN et al.: AAV serotype 8-mediated gene delivery of a soluble VEGF receptor to the CNS for the treatment of glioblastoma. Mol. Ther. (2006) 13:956-966.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BATES DO, HARPER SJ: Therapeutic potential of inhibitory VEGF splice variants. Future Oncol. (2005) 1:467-473.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MANNING G, WHYTE DB, MARTINEZ R et al.: The protein kinase complement of the human genome. Science (2002) 298:1912-1934.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COHEN P: The development and therapeutic potential of protein kinase inhibitors. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. (1999) 3:459-465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RELF M, LEJEUNE S, SCOTT PA et al.: Expression of the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial cell growth factor, acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor, tumor growth factor β1, platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor, placenta growth factor, and pleiotrophin in human primary breast cancer and its relation to angiogenesis. Cancer Res. (1997) 57:963-969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAYLOR AP, OSORIO L, CRAIG R et al.: Tumor-specific regulation of angiogenic growth factors and their receptors during recovery from cytotoxic therapy. Clin. Cancer Res. (2002) 8:1213-1222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ADAMS J, HUANG P, PATRICK D: A strategy for the design of multiplex inhibitors for kinase-mediated signalling in angiogenesis. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. (2002) 6:486-492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHERRINGTON JM, STRAWN LM, SHAWVER LK: New paradigms for the treatment of cancer: the role of anti-angiogenesis agents. Adv. Cancer Res. (2000) 79:1-38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HENNEQUIN LF, STOKES ESE, THOMAS AP et al.: Novel 4-anilinoquinazolines with C-7 basic side chains: design and structure activity relationship of a series of potent, orally active, VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J. Med. Chem. (2002) 45:1300-1312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CIARDIELLO F, CAPUTO R, DAMIANO V et al.: Antitumor effects of ZD6474, a small molecule vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with additional activity against epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. Clin. Cancer Res. (2003) 9:1546-1556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ARAO T, FUKUMOTO H, TAKEDA M et al.: Small in-frame deletion in the epidermal growth factor receptor as a target for ZD6474. Cancer Res. (2004) 64:9101-9104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CARLOMAGNO F, VITAGLIANO D, GUIDA T et al.: ZD6474, an orally available inhibitor of KDR tyrosine kinase activity, efficiently blocks oncogenic RET kinases. Cancer Res. (2002) 62:7284-7290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEDGE SR, OGILVIE DJ, DUKES M et al.: ZD6474 inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, angiogenesis, and tumor growth following oral administration. Cancer Res. (2002) 62:4645-4655.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DREVS J, KONERDING MA, WOLLOSCHECK T et al.: The VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ZD6474, inhibits angiogenesis and affects microvascular architecture within an orthotopically implanted renal cell carcinoma. Angiogenesis (2004) 7:347-354.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BEAUDRY P, FORCE J, NAUMOV GN et al.: Differential effects of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 inhibitor ZD6474 on circulating endothelial progenitors and mature circulating endothelial cells: implications for use as a surrogate marker of antiangiogenic activity. Clin. Cancer Res. (2005) 11:3514-3522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCARTY MF, WEY J, STOELTZING O et al.: ZD6474, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with additional activity against epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, inhibits orthotopic growth and angiogenesis of gastric cancer. Mol. Cancer Ther. (2004) 3:1041-1049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SANDSTROM M, JOHANSSON M, ANDERSSON U et al.: The tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD6474 inhibits tumour growth in an intracerebral rat glioma model. Br. J. Cancer (2004) 91:1174-1180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEENDERS WPJ, KUESTERS B, VERRIJP K et al.: Antiangiogenic therapy of cerebral melanoma metastases results in sustained tumor progression via vessel co-option. Clin. Cancer Res. (2004) 10:6222-6230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TAGUCHI F, KOH Y, KOIZUMI F et al.: Anticancer effects of ZD6474, a VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in gefitinib (‘Iressa’)-sensitive and resistant xenograft models. Cancer Sci. (2004) 95:984-989.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BASSER R, HURWITZ H, BARGE A et al.: Phase I pharmacokinetic and biological study of the angiogenesis inhibitor, ZD6474, in patients with solid tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2001) 20:396 (Abstract).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MINAMI H, EBI H, TAHARA M et al.: A Phase I study of an oral VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD6474, in Japanese patients with solid tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2003) 22:778 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• MILLER KD, TRIGO JM, WHEELER C et al.: A multicenter Phase II trial of ZD6474, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with previously treated metastatic breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. (2005) 11:3369-3376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOLDEN SN, ECKHARDT SG, BASSER R et al.: Clinical evaluation of ZD6474, an orally active inhibitor of VEGF and EGF receptor signaling, in patients with solid, malignant tumors. Ann. Oncol. (2005) 16:1391-1397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEDGE SR, KENDREW J, HENNEQUIN LF et al.: AZD2171: a highly potent, orally bioavailable, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of cancer. Cancer Res. (2005) 65:4389-4400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VAN CRUIJSEN H, VOEST EE, VAN HERPEN CML et al.: Phase I evaluation of AZD2171, a highly potent, selective VEGFR signaling inhibitor, in combination with gefitinib, in patients with advanced tumors. J. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:3017 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• BHIDE RS, CAI ZW, ZHANG YZ et al.: Discovery and preclinical studies of BMS-540215 during Phase I trial have shown that this compound is an in vivo active potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor. J. Med. Chem. (2006) 49:2143-2146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• YOKOI K, THAKER PH, YAZICI S et al.: Dual inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor phosphorylation by AEE788 reduces growth and metastasis of human colon carcinoma in an orthotopic nude mouse model. Cancer Res. (2005) 65:3716-3725.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MANLEY PW, FURET P, BOLD G et al.: Anthranilic acid amides: a novel class of antiangiogenic VEGF receptor kinase inhibitors. J. Med. Chem. (2002) 45:5687-5693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZAKARIJA A, SOFF G: Update on angiogenesis inhibitors. Curr. Opin. Oncol. (2005) 17:578-583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAIN RK, DUDA DG, CLARK JW et al.: Lessons from Phase III clinical trials on anti-VEGF therapy for cancer. Nat. Clin. Pract. Oncol. (2006) 3:24-40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• HECHT JR: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III study in patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum receiving first-line chemotherapy with oxaliplatin/5-fluoro- uracil/leucovorin and PTK787/ZK 222584. 41st Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, Orlando, USA (2005):LBA3 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• HESS-STUMPP H, HABEREY M, THIERAUCH KH: PTK 787/ZK 222584, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of all known VEGF receptors, represses tumor growth with high efficacy. Chembiochem (2005) 6:550-557.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ELTING J, JONES R, CARTER C et al.: BAY 579352: An inhibitor of VEGFR2 and PDGFR receptor tyrosine kinases that demonstrates anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Eur. J. Cancer (Suppl.) (2004) 2:139 (Abstract).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHANG Y, CORTES C, BRINK C et al.: BAY 579352: An inhibitor of VEGFR2 and PDGFR receptor tyrosine kinases that demonstrates broad anti-tumor activity as a single agent in preclinical models. Eur. J. Cancer (Suppl.) (2004) 2:148 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• KAUFMAN S, STARNES C, COXON A et al.: AMG 706 induces the rapid destruction of tumor microvessels in nude mice. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (2006) 47:3792 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• GARTON AJ, CREW AP, FRANKLIN M et al.: OSI-930: a novel selective inhibitor of Kit and kinase insert domain receptor tyrosine kinases with antitumor activity in mouse xenograft models. Cancer Res. (2006) 66:1015-1024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATKINS M, JONES CA, KIRKPATRICK P: Sunitinib maleate. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. (2006) 5:279-280.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CABEBE E, WAKELEE H: Sunitinib: a newly approved small-molecule inhibitor of angiogenesis. Drugs Today (Barc) (2006) 42:387-398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SUSMAN E: New drug increases survival in stomach cancer. Lancet Oncol. (2006) 7:286.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DESAI J, MAKI R, HEINRICH MC et al.: Activity and tolerability of the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU011248 in patients (pts) with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) refractory to imatinib mesylate. Gastrointest. Cancers Symp. (2004):7 (Abstract).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAIVRE S, DELBADO C, VERA K et al.: Pharmacokinetic, and antitumor activity of SU11248, a novel oral multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:25-35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MOTZER RJ, HUTSON TE, TOMCZAK P et al.: Phase III randomized trial of sunitinib malate (SU11248) versus interferon-α (IFN-α) as first-line systemic therapy for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). J. Clin. Oncol. (Suppl.) (2006) 24:LBA3.
   Google Scholar
• LIANG C, SUN L, TRAN N: Discovery and design of angiogenesis inhibitors that inhibit tyrosine kinase activities associated with VEGF, FGF, and PDGF receptors. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (1999) 40:452 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• MURAKAMI H, YAMAMOTO N, SHIMOYAMA T et al.: Phase I, pharmacokinetic, and biological studies of TSU-68, the oral vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, administered after meals in patients with advanced solid tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2003) 22:870 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• UEDA Y, SHIMOYAMA T, MURAKAMI H et al.: Phase I study of TSU-68, VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, by twice daily oral administration between meals in patients with advanced solid tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2002) 21:443 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• PATYNA S, LAIRD AD, MENDEL DB et al.: SU14813: a novel multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with potent antiangiogenic and antitumor activity. Mol. Cancer Ther. (2006) 5:1774-1784.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TRUDEL S, LI ZH, WEI E et al.: CHIR-258, a novel, multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the potential treatment of t(4;14) multiple myeloma. Blood (2005) 105:2941-2948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LOPES DE MENEZES DE, PENG J, GARRETT EN et al.: CHIR-258: a potent inhibitor of FLT3 kinase in experimental tumor xenograft models of human acute myelogenous leukemia. Clin. Cancer Res. (2005) 11:5281-5291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SARKER D, EVANS J, HARDIE M et al.: A Phase I, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) study of CHIR-258, a novel oral multiple receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor. J. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:3043.
   Google Scholar
• HILBERG F, TONTSCH-GRUNT U, COLBATZKY F et al.: BIBF1120 a novel, small molecule triple angiokinase inhibitor: Profiling as a clinical candidate for cancer therapy. Eur. J. Cancer (Suppl.) (2004) 2:158 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• LEE CP, ATTARD G, POUPARD L et al.: A Phase I study of BIBF 1120, an orally active triple angiokinase inhibitor (VEGFR, PDGFR, FGFR) given continuously to patients with advanced solid tumours, incorporating dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). J. Clin. Oncol. (Suppl.) (2006) 24:3015 (Abstract).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STRUMBERG D: Preclinical and clinical development of the oral multikinase inhibitor sorafenib in cancer treatment. Drugs Today (Barc.) (2005) 41:773-784.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ADNANE L, TRAIL PA, TAYLOR I et al.: Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006, Nexavar®), a dual-action inhibitor that targets RAF/MEK/ERK pathway in tumor cells and tyrosine kinases VEGFR/PDGFR in tumor vasculature. Methods Enzymol. (2005) 407:597-612.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FRANTZ S: Drug approval triggers debate on future direction for cancer treatments. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. (2006) 5:91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EISEN T, BUKOWSKI RM, STAEHLER M et al.: Randomized Phase III trial of sorafenib in advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC): Impact of crossover on survival. J. Clin. Oncol. (2006) 24:4524.
   Google Scholar
• TAGUCHI E, NAKAMURA K, MIURA T et al.: The efficacy of KRN951, a novel VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in intraperitoneal disseminated tumor models. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (2005) 46:5836 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• MATSUI J: E7080, a novel VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor-I. Characterization as an angiogenesis inhibitor. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (2003) 44:51 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• YAMAMOTO Y, WATANABE T, TSURUOKA A et al.: E7080, an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has direct anti-tumor efficacy via inhibition of KIT signaling in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (2006) 47:4038 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• YAMAMOTO Y, WATANABE T, MIYAZAKI K et al.: E7080, an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has direct anti-tumor efficacy via inhibition of KIT signaling in small cell lung cancer. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (2004) 45:4636 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• NAKAMURA K: E7080, a novel VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor-II. Effects on growth of human tumor xenografts and life span of mice in colon 38 orthotopic transplantation model. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (2003) 44:52 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• GUO J, MARCOTTE PA, McCALL JO et al.: Inhibition of phosphorylation of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (c-Fms) tyrosine kinase in transfected cells by ABT-869 and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Mol. Cancer Ther. (2006) 5:1007-1013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VENETSANAKOS E, STUART D, TAN N et al.: CHIR-265, a novel inhibitor that targets B-Raf and VEGFR, shows efficacy in a broad range of preclinical models. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (2006) 47:4854 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• HUTSON TE, BUKOWSKI RM: A Phase II study of GW786034 using a randomized discontinuation design in patients with locally recurrent or metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Clin. Genitourin. Cancer (2006) 4:296-298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BEEBE JS, JANI JP, KNAUTH E et al.: Pharmacological characterization of CP-547,632, a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor for cancer therapy. Cancer Res. (2003) 63:7301-7309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MULLER AJ, SCHERLE PA: Targeting the mechanisms of tumoral immune tolerance with small-molecule inhibitors. Nat. Rev. Cancer (2006) 6:613-625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUGO HS, HERBST RS, LIU G et al.: Phase I trial of the oral antiangiogenesis agent AG-013736 in patients with advanced solid tumors: pharmacokinetic and clinical results. J. Clin. Oncol. (2005) 23:5474-5419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KIM S: A Phase II study of axitinib (AG-013736), a potent inhibitor of VEGFRs, in patients with advanced thyroid cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (Suppl.) (2006) 24:5529 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• RINI B, RIXE O, BUKOWSKI R et al.: AG-013736, a multi-target tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, demonstrates anti-tumor activity in a Phase II study of cytokine-refractory, metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC). J. Clin. Oncol. (Suppl.) (2005) 23:4509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GINGRICH DE, REDDY DR, IQBAL MA et al.: A new class of potent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: structure–activity relationships for a series of 9-alkoxymethyl- 12-(3-hydroxypropyl)indeno[2,1-a]pyrrolo- [3,4-c]carbazole-5-ones and the identification of CEP-5214 and its dimethylglycine ester prodrug clinical candidate CEP-7055. J. Med. Chem. (2003) 46:5375-5388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JONES-BOLIN S, ZHAO H, HUNTER K et al.: The effects of the oral, pan-VEGF-R kinase inhibitor CEP-7055 and chemotherapy in orthotopic models of glioblastoma and colon carcinoma in mice. Mol. Cancer Ther. (2006) 5:1744-1753.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RUGGERI B, SINGH J, GINGRICH D et al.: CEP-7055: a novel, orally active pan inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases with potent antiangiogenic activity and antitumor efficacy in preclinical models. Cancer Res. (2003) 63:5978-5991.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JOLY A: In vitro and in vivo characterization of EXEL-7647, a novel spectrum selective receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that modulates angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. Eur. J. Cancer (Suppl.) (2004) 2:134 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• WAKELEE HA: A Phase I dose-escalation and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of a novel spectrum selective kinase inhibitor, XL647, in patients with advanced solid malignancies (ASM). 42nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, Atlanta, USA (2006):3044 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• AFTAB D: The spectrum-selective kinase inhibitor EXEL0999 inhibits mitogenic and angiogenic kinases, and causes rapid tumor vasculature destruction and regression in mouse xenograft models. Eur. J. Cancer (Suppl.) (2004) 2:141 (Abstract).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EDER JP: A Phase I study of a novel spectrum selective kinase inhibitor (SSKI), XL880, administered orally in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors (STs). 42nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, Atlanta, USA (2006):3041 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• JOLY AH, GERRITSEN ME: EXEL-2880, a small-molecule, orally available tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets VEGFR and the HGF receptor, C-MET. Potent anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Miami Nat. Biotechnol. Winter Symp. (2006):T3 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• SIEMEISTER G, BRIEM H, BRUMBY T et al.: The dual-specific CDK2/VEGF-RTK inhibitor ZK-CDK potently inhibits proliferation of human tumor cells, induces apoptosis, and inhibits growth of human xenograft tumors. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (2004) 45:829 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• YANG JC, HAWORTH L, SHERRY RM et al.: A randomized trial of bevacizumab, an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody, for metastatic renal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. (2003) 349:427-434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COBLEIGH MA, LANGMUIR VK, SLEDGE GW et al.: A Phase I/II dose-escalation trial of bevacizumab in previously treated metastatic breast cancer. Semin. Oncol. (2003) 30:117-124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MAYER RJ: Two steps forward in the treatment of colorectal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. (2004) 350:2406-2408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HURWITZ H, FEHRENBACHER L, NOVOTNY W et al.: Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. (2004) 350:2335-2342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MORELLI MP, CASCONE T, TROIANI T et al.: Sequence-dependent antiproliferative effects of cytotoxic drugs and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Ann. Oncol. (2005) 16:61-72.
   Google Scholar
• TUCCILLO C, ROMANO M, TROIANI T et al.: Antitumor activity of ZD6474, a vascular endothelial growth factor-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in combination with SC-236, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Clin. Cancer Res. (2005) 11:1268-1276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIEMANN DW, SHI W: Efficacy of combined antiangiogenic and vascular disrupting agents in treatment of solid tumors. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. (2004) 60:1233-1240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WILLIAMS KJ, TELFER BA, BRAVE S et al.: ZD6474, a potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, combined with radiotherapy. Schedule-dependent enhancement of antitumor activity. Clin. Cancer Res. (2004) 10:8587-8593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GUSTAFSON DL, MERZ AL, ZIRROLLI JA et al.: Impact of scheduling on combined ZD6474 and radiotherapy in head and neck tumor xenografts. Eur. J. Cancer (Suppl.) (2004) 2:142 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• SIEMANN D, SHI W: The VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ZD6474, enhances the antitumor effect of radiation. Eur. J. Cancer (Suppl.) (2004) 2:154 (Abstract).
   Google Scholar
• NIEDER C, WIEDENMANN N, ANDRATSCHKE N, MOLLS M: Current status of angiogenesis inhibitors combined with radiation therapy. Cancer Treat. Rev. (2006) 32:348-364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TEICHER BA: A systems approach to cancer therapy. (Antioncogenics + standard cytotoxics → mechanism(s) of interaction). Cancer Metastasis Rev. (1996) 15:247-272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAIN RK: Normalization of tumor vasculature: an emerging concept in antiangiogenic therapy. Science (2005) 307:58-62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar