Pharmacotherapy for erectile dysfunction

Bibliography

• Jardin A, Wagner G, Khoury S, et al. Recommendations of the first international consultation on erectile dysfunction. In: Jardin A, Wagner G, Khoury S, et al., editors, Erectile dysfunction. Plymouth, UK: Health Publications Ltd; 2000. p. 711-26
   Google Scholar
• NIH Consensus Development Panel on Impotence. JAMA 1993;270:83-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brock GB, Lue TF. Drug-induced sexual dysfunction: an update. Drug Saf 1993;8:414-26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulcachy JJ. Erectile dysfunction – is the incidence increasing? [editorial]. J Urol 2000;163:471
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinman KP, Feldman HA, Johannes CB, et al. A newsurrogate variable for erectile dysfunction status in the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Clin Epidemiol 2000;53(1):71-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brock G. Erectile dysfunction update education forum summary. Can J Urol 2000;8:1416-8
   Google Scholar
• Holmquist F, Steif CM, Jonas U, Anderson KE. Effects of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Ng-nitro-L arginineon the erectile response to cavernous nerve stimulation in the rabbit. Acta Phys Scand 1991;143:229-304
   Google Scholar
• Holmquist F, Hedlund H, Anderson KE. Ng-nitro-L arginine inhibits non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic relaxation of human isolated corpus cavernosum. Acta Physiol Scand 1991;141:441-2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ignarro LJ, Bush PA, Buga GM, et al. Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP formation upon electrical field stimulation cause relaxation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990;170:843-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stief CG, Uckert S, Becker AJ, et al. The effect of the specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on human and rabbit cavernous tissue invitro and in vivo. J Urol 1998;159(4):1390-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bancroft J, Wu FCW. Changes in erectile responsiveness during androgenreplacement therapy. Arch Sex Behav 1983;12:59-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwan M, Greenleaf WJ, Mann J, et al. The nature of androgenaction on male sexuality: a combined laboratory/self-reported study on hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983;57(3):557-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saenz de Tejada I, Blanco R, Goldstein I, et al. Cholinergic neurotransmission in human corpus cavernosum. I. Response of isolated tissue. Am J Physiol 1988;254(3 Pt 2):H459-67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rampin O, Giuliano F. Brain control of penile erection. J Urol 2001;19(1):1-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliano F, Allard J. Apomorphine SL (Uprima): preclinical and clinical experiences learned from the first central nervous system-acting ED drug. Int J Impot Res 2002;14(Suppl 1):S53-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaiser FE, Viosca SP, Morley JE, et al. Impotence and aging: clinical and hormonal factors. J Am Geriatr Soc 1988;36:511-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson K-E. Erectile physiological and pathophysiological pathways involved in erectile dysfunction. J Urol 2003;170:S6-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Cadavid NF, Rajfer J. Therapy of erectile dysfunction. Endocrine 2004;23(2-3):167-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bors E, Comar AE. Neurological urology: physiology of micturition, its neurological disorders and sequelae. Baltimore: University Park Press; 1971
   Google Scholar
• Walsh PC. Sexual function and bother after radical prostatectomy or radiation for prostate cancer: multivariate quality-of-life analysis from CaPSURE. J Urol 2000;163(1):370
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin-Morales A, Sanchez-Cruz JJ, Saenz de Tejada I, et al. Prevalence and independent risk factors for erectile dysfunction in Spain: results of the epidemiologia de la disfuncion erectila masculina study. J Urol 2001;166:569-74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McVary KT, Carrier S, Wessells H. Subcommittee on smoking and erectile dysfunction socioeconomic committee, sexual medicine society of North America. Smoking and erectile dysfunction: evidence based analysis. J Urol 2001;166(5):1624-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazio L, Brock G. Erectile dysfunction: management update. CMAJ 2004;170(9):1429-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickel JC, Morales A, Condra M, et al. Endocrine dysfunction. In impotence: incidence, significance, and cost-effective screening. J Urol 1984;132(1):40-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johannes CB, Araujo AB, Feldman HA, et al. Incidence of erectile dysfunction in men 40 to 69 years old: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol 2000;163(2):460-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montorsi F, Briganti A, Salonia A, et al. Erectile dysfunction prevalence, time of onset and association with risk factors in 300 consecutive patients with acute chest pain and angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Eur Urol 2003;44:360-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson IM, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, et al. Erectile dysfunction and subsequent cardiovascular disease. JAMA 2005;294(23):2996-3002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis SH, Turko IV, Corbin JD. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: relating structure and function. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 2001;65:1-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beavo JA. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: functional implications of multiple isoforms. Physiol Rev 1995;75:725-48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saenz de Tejada I, Angulo J, Cuevas P, et al. The phosphodiesterase inhibitory selectivity and the in vitro and in vivo potency of the new PDE5 inhibitor vardena® l. Int J Impot Res 2001;13:282-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang K, Yu J, Yoo M, Kwon JW. The effect of DA-8159, a novel PDE5 inhibitor, on erectile function in the rat model of hypercholesterolemic erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 2005;17:409-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vivus, Inc. Mountain view, CA, USA, data on file. VIVUS announced positive data from a Phase II at-home, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-design study conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of different doses of avanafil for the treatment of ED. Available from: www.vivus.com
   Google Scholar
• Hatzimouratidis K, Hatzichristou DG. Looking to the future for erectile dysfunction therapies. Drugs 2008;68(2):231-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaton JP, Morales A, Adams MA, et al. Recovery of erectile function by the oral administration of apomorphine. Urology 1995;45:200-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fagan TC, Buttler S, Marbury T, et al.; Apomorphine Study Group. Cardiovascular safety of sublingual apomorphine in patients on stable doses of oral antihypertensive agents and nitrates. Am J Cardiol 2001;88:760-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altwein JE, Keuler FU. Oral treatment of erectile dysfunction with apomorphine SL. Urol Int 2001;67:257-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pehek EA, Thompson JT, Hull EM. The effects of intracranial administration of the dopamine agonists apomorphine on penile reflexes and seminal emission in the rat. Brain Res 1989;(500):325-32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dula E, Keating W, Siami PF, et al. Efficacy and safetyof fixed-dose and dose-optimization regimens of sublingual apomorphine versus placebo in men with erectile dysfunction. The Apomorphine Study Group. Urology 2000;56:130-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hull EM. Dopaminergic influences on male rat sexual behavior. In: Micevych PE, Hammer R, editors, Neurobiological effects of sex steroid hormones. University Press, Cambridge; 1995. p. 234-53
   Google Scholar
• Dehpour AR, Samini M, Sharifzadeh M, Hasan-Mazandarani H. Effects of chronic lithium pretreatment on apomorphine-induced penile erection. Gen Pharmacol 1995;26:1015-20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peana AT, D'Aquila PS, Chessa ML, et al. (-)-Linalool produces antinociception in two experimental models of pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2003 26;460(1):37-41
   Google Scholar
• Zarrindast MR, Shokravi S, Samini M. Opposite influences of dopaminergic receptor subtypes on penile erection. Gen Pharmacol 1992;23:671-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schulman C, Sleep DJ. Duration of erectile dysfunction prior to treatment influences the response to apomorphine SL. Annual Meeting of the American Urological Association; 2002 May 25 – 30; Orlando, USA
   Google Scholar
• Gontero P, D'Antonio R, Pretti G, et al. Clinical efficacy of Apomorphine SL in erectile dysfunction of diabetic men. Drugs 2004;64(23):2667-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athanasopoulos A, Barbalias G. A comparative, crossover study of the efficacy and safety of sildenafil and apomorphine in men with evidence of arteriogenic erectile dysfunction. J Impot Res 2004;16(1):2-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eardley I, Wright P, MacDonagh R, et al. An open-label, randomized, flexible-dose, crossover study to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate and apomorphine hydrochloride in men with erectile dysfunction. BJU Int 2004;93(9):1271-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yongon-dong CG. Potentiation of apomorphine effect on sildenafil-induced penile erection in conscious rabbits. Asian J Androl 2004;6(3):205-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strebel RT, Reitz A, Tenti G, et al. Apomorphine sublingual as primary or secondary treatment for erectile dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury. BJU Int 2004;93(1):100-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulhall J. Sublingual apomorphine for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2002;11:295-302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brioni JD, Moreland RB, Cowart M, et al. Activation of dopamine D4 receptors by ABT-724 induces penile erection in rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101(17):6758-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephenson DT, Meglasson MD, Connell MA, et al. The effects of a selective dopamine D2 receptor agonist on behavioral and pathological outcome in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated squirrel monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005;314(3):1257-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somlyo AP, Somlyo AV. From pharmacomechanical coupling to G-proteins and myosin phosphatase. Acta Physiol Scand 1998;164:437-48
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rees RW, Ziessen T, Ralph DJ, et al. Human and rabbit cavernosal smooth muscle cells express Rho-kinase. Int J Impot Res 2002;14:1-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H, Eto M, Steers WD, et al. RhoA-mediated Ca2_ sensitization in erectile function. J Biol Chem 2002;277:30614
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rees RW, Ziessen T, Ralph DJ, et al. Human and rabbit cavernosal smooth muscle cells express Rho-kinase. Int J Impot Res 2002;14:1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu X. The effects of the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 on arachidonic acid-, GTPgammaS-, and phorbol ester-induced Ca2þ-sensitization of smooth muscle. FEBS Lett 1998;440:183-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chitaley K, Wingard CJ, Clinton Webb R, et al. Antagonism of Rho-kinase stimulates rat penile erection via a nitric oxide-independent pathway. Nat Med 2001;7:119-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chitaley K, Bivalacqua TJ, Champion HC, et al. Adeno-associated viral gene transfer of dominant negative RhoA enhances erectile function in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002;298:427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai Y, Pollock DM, Lewis RL, et al. Receptor-specific influence of endothelin-1 in the erectile response of the rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2000;279:R25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Argiolas A, Melis MR, Murgia S, Schioth HB. ACTH and alpha-MSH induced grooming, stretching, yawning and penile erection in male rats: site of action in the brain and role of melanocortin receptors. Brain Res Bull 2000;51:425-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bischoff E, Schramm A, Straub A, et al. BAY 41-2272: a stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase induces nitric oxide -dependent penile erection in vivo. Urology 2003;61(2):464-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertolini A, Gessa GL, Ferrari C. Penile erection and ejaculation: a central effect of ACTH-like peptides in mammals. In: Sandler M, Gessa GL, editors, Sexual behavior: pharmacology and biochemistry. New York: Raven Press; 2001. p. 247-57
   Google Scholar
• Giuliano F, Rampin O. Central neural regulation of penile erection. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2000;24:517-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wessells H, Hruby VJ, Hackett J, et al. Ac-Nle-c[Asp-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-Lys]-NH2 induces penile erection via brain and spinal melanocortin receptors. Neuroscience 2003;118:755-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melman A, Bar-Chama N, McCullough A, Davies K. Christ the first human trial for gene transfer therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction: preliminary results. Eur Urol 2005
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vemulapalli R, Kurowski S, Salisbury B, et al. Activation of central melanocortin receptors by MT-II increases cavernosal pressure in rabbits by the neuronal release of NO. Br J Pharmacol 2001;134:1705-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh GC, Hollingsworth PR, Martino B, et al. Central mechanisms regulating penile erection in conscious rats: the dopaminergic systems related to the proerectile effect of apomorphine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004;308(1):330-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vergoni AV, Bertolini A, Mutulis F, et al. Differential influence of a selective melanocortin MC4 receptor antagonist (HS014) on melanocortin-induced behavioral effects in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1998;362:95-101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dines KC, Gahman TC, Girten BE, et al. Melanocortin receptor-3 ligands to treat sexual dysfunction. US653450; 2003
   Google Scholar
• Van der Ploeg LH, Martin WJ, Howard AD, et al. A role for the melanocortins 4 receptor in sexual function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;99:11381-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin WJ, McGowan E, Cashen DE, et al. Activation of melanocortins MC-4 receptors increases erectile activity in rats ex copula. Eur J Pharmacol 2002;454:71-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Cadavid NF, Burnett AL, Magee TR, et al. Expression of penile neuronal nitric oxide synthase variants in the rat and mouse penile nerves. Biol Reprod 2000;63(3):704-14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizusawa H, Hedlund P, Andersson KE. Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and oxytocin induced penile erections, and intracavernous pressure increases in the rat. J Urol 2002;167:757-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorr RT, Lines R, Levine N, et al. Evaluation of melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study. Life Sci 1996;58:1777-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wessells H, Gralnek D, Dorr R, et al. Effect of an alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone analog on penile erection and sexual desire in men with organic erectile dysfunction. Urology 2000;56:641-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chitaley K, Bivalacqua TJ, Champion HH, et al. Adeno-associated viral gene transfer of dominant negative RhoA enhances erectile function in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002;298:427-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molinoff PB, Shadiack AM, Earle D, et al. PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Ann NY Acad Sci 2003;994:96-102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakircioglu ME, Lin CS, Fan P, et al. The effect of adeno-associated virus mediated brain derived neurotrophic factor in an animal model of neurogenic impotence. J Urol 2001;165(6 Pt 1):2103-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas KA, Pitari GM, Kazerounian S, et al. Guanylyl cyclases and signaling by cyclic GMP. Pharmacol Rev 2000;52:375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lue TF. Erectile dysfunction. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1802
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu SM, Cheng ZJ, Guh JH, et al. Mechanism of antiproliferation caused by YC-1, an indazole derivative, in cultured rat A10 vascular smooth-muscle cells. Biochem J 1995;306:787
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stasch JP, Becker EM, Alonso-Alija C, et al. NO independent regulatory site on soluble guanylate cyclase. Nature 2001;410:212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friebe A, Koesling D. Mechanism of YC-1-induced activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Mol Pharmacol 1998;53:123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YC, Martin E, Murad F. Human recombinant soluble guanylyl cyclase: expression, purification and regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:10763
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wohlfart P, Malinski T, Ruetten H, et al. Release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells stimulated by YC-1, an activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Br J Pharmacol 1999;128:1316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsieh GC, O'Neill AB, Moreland RB, et al. YC-1 potentiates the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway in corpus cavernosum and facilitates penile erection in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2003;458:183-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghersa A, Pescini GR, Sattonet-Roche P, et al. Highly controlled gene expression using combinations of a tissue-specific promoter, recombinant adenovirus and a tetracycline-regulatable transcription factor. Gene Ther 1998;5(9):1213-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wohlfart P, Malinski T, Ruetten H, et al. Release of nitric oxide from endothelia lcells stimulated by YC-1, an activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Br J Pharmacol 1999;128:1316
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galle J, Zabel U, Hübner U, et al. Effects of the soluble guanylyl cyclase activator, YC-1, on vascular tone, cyclic GMP levels and phosphodiesterase activity. Br J Pharmacol 1999;127:195-203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizusawa H, Hedlund P, Brioni JP, et al. Nitric oxide independent activation of guanylate cyclise by YC-1 causes erectile reponses in the rat. J Urol 2002;167:2276-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stasch JP, Becker EM, Alonso-Alija C, et al. NO-independent regulatory site on soluble guanylate cyclase. Nature 2001;410:212
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalsi JS, Rees RW, Hobbs AJ, et al. BAY 41-2272, a novel nitric oxide independent soluble guanylate cyclise activator, relaxes human and rabbit corpus cavernosum in vitro. J Urol 2003;169:761-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rendell MS, Rajfer J, Wicker PA, Smith MD. Sildenafil for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Sildenafil Diabetes Study Group. JAMA 1999;281:421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cellek S, Moncada S. Nitrergic neurotransmission in the physiology of penile erection and pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. In: Nitric oxide and the peripheral nervous system. London: Portland Press; 2000. p. 61
   Google Scholar
• Christ GJ. K channels as molecular targets for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. J Androl 2002;23:S10-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spektor M, Rodriguez R, Rosenbaum RS, et al. Potassium channels and human corporeal smooth muscle cell tone: further evidence of the physiological relevance of the Maxi-K channel subtype to the regulation of human corporeal smooth muscle tone in vitro. J Urol 2002;167(6):2628-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christ GJ. K channels as molecular targets for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. J Androl 2002;23:S10-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewawasam P, Fan W, Cook DA, et al. 4-Aryl-3-(mercapto) quinolin-2-ones: novel maxi-K channel opening relaxants of corporal smooth muscle. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004;14(17):4479-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewawasam P, Fan W, Ding M, et al. 4-Aryl-3-(hydroxyalkyl) quinolin-2-ones: novel maxi-K channel opening relaxants of corporal smooth muscle targeted for erectile dysfunction. J Med Chem 2003;46(14):2819-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christ GJ, Rehman J, Day N, et al. Intracorporal injection of hSlo cDNA in rats produces physiologically relevant alterations in penile function. Am J Physiol 1998;275:H600-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melman A, Zhao W, Davies KP, et al. The successful long-term treatment of age related erectile dysfunction with hSlo cDNA in rats in vivo. J Urol 2003;170(1):285-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee SW. Physiological roles and properties of potassium channels in corporal smooth muscle. Drugs Today 2000;36(2-3):147-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garban H, Marquez D, Magee T. Cloning of rat and human inducible penile nitric oxide synthase. Application for gene therapy of erectile dysfunction. Biol Reprod 1997;56:954-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champion HC, Bivalacqua TJ, Hyman AL, et al. Gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase to the penis augments erectile responses in the aged rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96(20):11648-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bivalacqua TJ, Usta MF, Champion HC, et al. Gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase partially restores nitric oxide synthesis and erectile function in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Urol 2003;169(5):1911-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magee TR, Ferrini M, Garban HJ, et al. Gene therapy of erectile dysfunction in the rat with penile neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Biol Reprod 2002;67(3):1033-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magee TR, Ferrini MG, Davila HH, et al. Protein inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor are expressed in the rat and mouse penile nerves and co-localize with penile neuronal NOS. Biol Reprod 2003;68(2):478-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers RS, Graziottin TM, Lin CS, et al. Intracavernosal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection and adeno-associated virus-mediated VEGF gene therapy prevent and reverse venogenic erectile dysfunction in rats. Int J Impot Res 2003;15:26-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Cadavid NF, Rajfer J. Therapy of erectile dysfunction: potential future treatments. Endocrine 2004;23(2-3):167-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chancellor MB, Tirney S, Mattes CE. Nitric oxide synthase gene transfer for erectile dysfunction in a rat model. BJU Int 2003;91:691-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peel AL, Zolotukhin S, Schrimsher GW, et al. Efficient transduction of green fluorescent protein in spinal cord neurons using adeno-associated virus vectors containing cell type-specific promoters. Gene Ther 1997;4:16-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennet NE, Kim JH, Yoshimura N. Improvement in erectile dysfunction after neurotrophic factor gene therapy in diabetic rats. J Urol 2005;173(5):1820-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitani K, Kubo S. Adenovirus as an integrating vector. Curr Gene Ther 2002;2:135-44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fitzsimons HL, Bland RJ. Promoters and regulatory elements that improve adeno-associated virus transgene expression in the brain. Methods 2002;28:227-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lund PK. The alpha-smooth muscle actin promoter: a useful tool to analyse autocrine and paracrine roles of mesenchymal cells in normal and diseased bowel. 1998;42(3):320-2
   Google Scholar
• Famulok M, Verma S. In vivo-applied functional RNAs as tools in proteomics and genomics research. Trends Biotechnol 2002;20:462-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar