614
Views
38
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Investigational drugs targeting 5-HT6 receptors for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

, &

Bibliography

  • Papers of special note have been highlighted as either of interest (*) or of considerable interest (**) to readers.
  • Herrmann N, Lanctot KL, Hogan DB. Pharmacological recommendations for the symptomatic treatment of dementia: the Canadian Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia 2012. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2013;5:S5.
  • Kumar A, Singh A. Ekavali: a review on Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology and its management: an update. Pharmacol Rep. 2015;67:195–203.
  • Monsma FJ, Shen Y, Ward RP, et al. Cloning and expression of a novel serotonin receptor with high affinity for tricyclic psychotropic drugs. Mol Pharmacol. 1993;43:320–327.
  • Ward RP, Hamblin MW, Lachowicz JE, et al. Localization of serotonin subtype 6 receptor messenger RNA in the rat brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Neuroscience. 1995;64:1105–1111.
  • De Jong I, Helboe L. Distribution of serotonin receptor 5-HT6 mRNA in selected neuronal populations in rat brain: a double-labelling in situ hybridization study. Alzheimers Dement. 2014;10:P925–P926.
  • Roberts JC, Hirst W, Reavill C, et al. Autoradiographic localization of the 5-HT6 receptor in the CNS of the rat using [125I]SB-258585. Br J Pharmacol. 2000;128:156P.
  • Gerard C, El Mestikawy S, Lebrand C, et al. Quantitative RT-PCR distribution of serotonin 5-HT6 receptor mRNA in the central nervous system of control or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine-treated rats. Synapse. 1996;23:164–173.
  • Marcos B, Gil-Bea FJ, Hirst WD, et al. Lack of localization of 5-HT6 receptors on cholinergic neurons: implication of multiple neurotransmitter systems in 5-HT6 receptor-mediated acetylcholine release. Eur J Neurosci. 2006;24:1299–1306.
  • Hirst WD, Abrahamsen B, Blaney FE, et al. Differences in the central nervous system distribution and pharmacology of the mouse 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 receptor compared with rat and human receptors investigated by radioligand binding, site-directed mutagenesis, and molecular modeling. Mol Pharmacol. 2003;64:1295–1308.
  • Da Silva Costa V, Duchatelle P, Boulouard M, et al. Selective 5-HT6 receptor blockade improves spatial recognition memory and reverses age-related deficits in spatial recognition memory in the mouse. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009;34:488–500.
  • Da Silva Costa-Aze V, Dauphin F, Boulouard M. Serotonin 5-HT6 receptor blockade reverses the age-related deficits of recognition memory and working memory in mice. Behav Brain Res. 2011;222:134–140.
  • Riemer C, Borroni E, Levet-Trafit B, et al. Influence of the 5-HT6 receptor on acetylcholine release in the cortex: pharmacological characterization of 4-(2-bromo-6-pyrrolidin-1-ylpyridine-4-sulfonyl)phenylamine, a potent and selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist. J Med Chem. 2003;46:1273–1276.
  • Dawson LA, Nguyen HQ, Li P. The 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB-271046 selectively enhances excitatory neurotransmission in the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001;25:662–668.
  • Tassone A, Madeo G, Schirinzi T, et al. Activation of 5-HT6 receptors inhibits corticostriatal glutamatergic transmission. Neuropharmacology. 2011;61:632–637.
  • West PJ, Marcy VR, Marino MJ, et al. Activation of the 5-HT(6) receptor attenuates long-term potentiation and facilitates GABAergic neurotransmission in rat hippocampus. Neuroscience. 2009;164:692–701.
  • Schechter LE, Lin Q, Smith DL, et al. Neuropharmacological profile of novel and selective 5-HT6 receptor agonists: WAY-181187 and WAY-208466. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007;33:1323–1335.
  • Upton N, Chuang TT, Hunter AJ, et al. 5-HT6 receptor antagonists as novel cognitive enhancing agents for Alzheimer’s disease. Neurotherapeutics. 2008;5:458–469.
  • Lacroix LP, Dawson LA, Hagan JJ, et al. 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB-271046 enhances extracellular levels of monoamines in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. Synapse. 2004;51:158–164.
  • Brouard JT, Schweimer JV, Houlton R, et al. Pharmacological evidence for 5-HT6 receptor modulation of 5-HT neuron firing in vivo. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2015;6:1241–1247.
  • Minabe Y, Shirayama Y, Hashimoto K, et al. Effect of the acute and chronic administration of the selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB-271046 on the activity of midbrain dopamine neurons in rats: an in vivo electrophysiological study. Synapse. 2004;52:20–28.
  • Borsini F, Bordi F, Poggi A, et al. Effects of ST1936, a selective serotonin-6 agonist, on electrical activity of putative mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in the rat brain. J Psychopharmacol. 2015;29:802–811.
  • Meneses A. Role of 5-HT6 receptors in memory formation. Drug News Perspect. 2001;14:396–400.
  • Meneses A. Memory formation and memory alterations: 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors, novel alternative. Rev Neurosci. 2014;25:325–356.
  • Kendall I, Slotten HA, Codony X, et al. E-6801, a 5-HT(6) receptor agonist, improves recognition memory by combined modulation of cholinergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011;213:413–430.
  • Nikiforuk A, Fijal K, Potasiewicz A, et al. The 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 6 agonist EMD 386088 ameliorates ketamine-induced deficits in attentional set shifting and novel object recognition, but not in the prepulse inhibition in rats. J Psychopharmacol. 2013;27:469–476.
  • Jastrzebska-Wiesek M, Siwek A, Kazek G, et al. Partial agonist efficacy of EMD386088, a 5-HT6 receptor ligand, in functional in vitro assays. Pharmacol Rep. 2013;65:998–1005.
  • Borsini F, Bordi F, Riccioni T. 5-HT(6) pharmacology inconsistencies. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2011;98:169–172.
  • Mitchell ES, Sexton T, Neumaier JF. Increased expression of 5-HT6 receptors in the rat dorsomedial striatum impairs instrumental learning. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007;32:1520–1530.
  • Hirst WD, Stean TO, Rogers DC, et al. SB-399885 is a potent, selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist with cognitive enhancing properties in aged rat water maze and novel object recognition models. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006;553:109–119.
  • Lindner MD, Hodges DB Jr., Hogan JB, et al. An assessment of the effects of serotonin 6 (5-HT6) receptor antagonists in rodent models of learning. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003;307:682–691.
  • Foley AG, Murphy KJ, Hirst WD, et al. The 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist SB-271046 reverses scopolamine-disrupted consolidation of a passive avoidance task and ameliorates spatial task deficits in aged rats. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004;29:93–100.
  • Mitchell ES, McDevitt RA, Neumaier JF. Adaptations in 5-HT receptor expression and function: implications for treatment of cognitive impairment in aging. J Neurosci Res. 2009;87:2803–2811.
  • Quiedeville A, Boulouard M, Hamidouche K, et al. Chronic activation of 5-HT4 receptors or blockade of 5-HT6 receptors improve memory performances. Behav Brain Res. 2015;293:10–17.
  • Callaghan CK, Hok V, La-Chiesa A, et al. Age-related declines in delayed non-match-to-sample performance (DNMS) are reversed by the novel 5HT6 receptor antagonist SB742457. Neuropharmacology. 2012;63:890–897.
  • Meltzer HY. The role of serotonin in antipsychotic drug action. Neuropsychopharmacology. 1999;21:106S–115S.
  • Arnt J, Olsen CK. 5-HT6 receptor ligands and their antipsychotic potential. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2011;96:141–161.
  • Wesolowska A. Potential role of the 5-HT6 receptor in depression and anxiety: an overview of preclinical data. Pharmacol Rep. 2010;62:564–577.
  • Wesolowska A, Nikiforuk A, Stachowicz K. Anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects produced by the selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist SB-258585 after intrahippocampal administration to rats. Behav Pharmacol. 2007;18:439–446.
  • Carr GV, Schechter LE, Lucki I. Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of selective 5-HT(6) receptor agonists in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011;213:499–507.
  • Nikiforuk A, Kos T, Wesolowska A. The 5-HT6 receptor agonist EMD 386088 produces antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in rats after intrahippocampal administration. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011;217:411–418.
  • Jastrzebska-Wiesek M, Siwek A, Partyka A, et al. Pharmacological evaluation of the anxiolytic-like effects of EMD 386088, a partial 5-HT6 receptor agonist, in the rat elevated plus-maze and Vogel conflict tests. Neuropharmacology. 2014;85:253–262.
  • Woolley ML, Bentley JC, Sleight AJ, et al. A role for 5-HT6 receptors in retention of spatial learning in the Morris water maze. Neuropharmacology. 2001;41:210–219.
  • Fisas A, Codony X, Romero G, et al. Chronic 5-HT6 receptor modulation by E-6837 induces hypophagia and sustained weight loss in diet-induced obese rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2006;148:973–983.
  • Heal DJ, Smith SL, Fisas A, et al. Selective 5-HT6 receptor ligands: progress in the development of a novel pharmacological approach to the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Pharmacol Ther. 2008;117:207–231.
  • Heal D, Gosden J, Smith S. The 5-HT6 receptor as a target for developing novel antiobesity drugs. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2011;96:73–109.
  • Voigt JP, Fink H. Serotonin controlling feeding and satiety. Behav Brain Res. 2015;277:14–31.
  • Frassetto A, Zhang J, Lao JZ, et al. Reduced sensitivity to diet-induced obesity in mice carrying a mutant 5-HT6 receptor. Brain Res. 2008;1236:140–144.
  • Ly S, Pishdari B, Lok LL, et al. Activation of 5-HT6 receptors modulates sleep-wake activity and hippocampal theta oscillation. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2013;4:191–199.
  • Morairty SR, Hedley L, Flores J, et al. Selective 5HT2A and 5HT6 receptor antagonists promote sleep in rats. Sleep. 2008;31:34–44.
  • Iliff JJ, Chen MJ, Plog BA, et al. Impairment of glymphatic pathway function promotes tau pathology after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosci. 2014;34:16180–16193.
  • Iliff JJ, Wang M, Liao Y, et al. A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid beta. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4:147ra111.
  • Vivian JA, Wallace TL, Basile JL, et al. Cognitive-enhancing effects of a novel 5-HT6 antagonist in rodents and primates. Presented at the 12th biennial meeting of the EBPS. In: EBPS 2007, Aug 31–Sep 3, Tübingen, Germany, 2007.
  • Gee AD, Martanello L, Johnson CD, et al. Radiolabelled quinoline-based ligands for the 5-ht6 receptor functionality. Patent WO2006053785. 2006 May 26.
  • Parker CA, Gunn RN, Rabiner EA, et al. Radiosynthesis and characterization of 11C-GSK215083 as a PET radioligand for the 5-HT6 receptor. J Nucl Med. 2012;53:295–303.
  • Schmidt E, Kuwabara H, Areberg J, et al. A clinical positron emission tomography (PET) study investigating occupancy at the 5-HT6 receptor after multiple oral doses of LU AE58054 to healthy men. Alzheimers Dement. 2014;10:P925.
  • Witten L, Bang-Andersen B, Nielsen SM, et al. Characterization of [(3)H]Lu AE60157 ([(3)H]8-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-phenylsulfonylquinoline) binding to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012;676:6–11.
  • Arnt J, Bang-Andersen B, Grayson B, et al. Lu AE58054, a 5-HT6 antagonist, reverses cognitive impairment induced by subchronic phencyclidine in a novel object recognition test in rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010;13:1021–1033.
  • De Bruin NM, Prickaerts J, Van Loevezijn A, et al. Two novel 5-HT6 receptor antagonists ameliorate scopolamine-induced memory deficits in the object recognition and object location tasks in Wistar rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2011;96:392–402.
  • Wilkinson D, Windfeld K, Colding-Jorgensen E. Safety and efficacy of idalopirdine, a 5-HT6 receptor antagonist, in patients with moderate Alzheimer’s disease (LADDER): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:1092–1099.
  • Foley AG, Hirst WD, Gallagher HC, et al. The selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonists SB-271046 and SB-399885 potentiate NCAM PSA immunolabeling of dentate granule cells, but not neurogenesis, in the hippocampal formation of mature Wistar rats. Neuropharmacology. 2008;54:1166–1174.

* First preclinical evidence that 5-HT6 receptor antagonists may modulate neuronal plasticity.

  • Jacobshagen M, Niquille M, Chaumont-Dubel S, et al. The serotonin 6 receptor controls neuronal migration during corticogenesis via a ligand-independent Cdk5-dependent mechanism. Development. 2014;141:3370–3377.
  • Dayer AG, Jacobshagen M, Chaumont-Dubel S, et al. 5-HT6 receptor: a new player controlling the development of neural circuits. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2015;6:951–960.
  • Riccio O, Potter G, Walzer C, et al. Excess of serotonin affects embryonic interneuron migration through activation of the serotonin receptor 6. Mol Psychiatry. 2009;14:280–290.
  • Riccio O, Jacobshagen M, Golding B, et al. Excess of serotonin affects neocortical pyramidal neuron migration. Transl Psychiatry. 2011;1:e47.
  • Rutishauser U. Polysialic acid in the plasticity of the developing and adult vertebrate nervous system. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008;9:26–35.
  • Berezin V, Walmod PS, Filippov M, et al. Targeting of ECM molecules and their metabolizing enzymes and receptors for the treatment of CNS diseases. Prog Brain Res. 2014;214:353–388.
  • Palop J, Mucke L. Amyloid-ß-induced neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease: from synapses toward neuronal networks. Nat Neurosci. 2010;13:812–818.
  • Routledge C, Bromidge SM, Moss SF, et al. Characterization of SB-271046: a potent, selective and orally active 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist. Br J Pharmacol. 2000;130:1606–1612.
  • Stean TO, Hirst WD, Thomas DR, et al. Pharmacological profile of SB-357134: A potent, selective, brain penetrant, and orally active 5-HT6 receptor antagonist. Pharmacol Biochemistry Behav. 2002;71:645–654.
  • Wang L, Lv Y, Deng W, et al. 5-HT6 receptor recruitment of mTOR modulates seizure activity in epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol. 2015;51:1292–1299.
  • Monti JM, Jantos H, Schechter LE. The effects of systemic and local microinjection into the central nervous system of the selective serotonin 5-HT6 receptor agonist WAY-208466 on sleep and wakefulness in the rat. Behav Brain Res. 2013;249:65–74.
  • Xie L, Kang H, Xu Q, et al. Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain. Science. 2013;342:373–377.
  • Riccioni T, Bordi F, Minetti P, et al. ST1936 stimulates cAMP, Ca2+, ERK1/2 and Fyn kinase through a full activation of cloned human 5-HT6 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011;661:8–14.
  • Yun HM, Kim S, Kim HJ, et al. The novel cellular mechanism of human 5-HT6 receptor through an interaction with Fyn. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:5496–5505.
  • Kaufman AC, Salazar SV, Haas LT, et al. Fyn inhibition rescues established memory and synapse loss in Alzheimer mice. Ann Neurol. 2015;77:953–971.
  • Duhr F, Deleris P, Raynaud F, et al. Cdk5 induces constitutive activation of 5-HT6 receptors to promote neurite growth. Nat Chem Biol. 2014;10:590–597.
  • Benhamu B, Martin-Fontecha M, Vazquez-Villa H, et al. Serotonin 5-HT6 receptor antagonists for the treatment of cognitive deficiency in Alzheimer’s disease. J Med Chem. 2014;57:7160–7181.
  • Jayarajan P, Nirogi R, Shinde A. Effect of olanzapine on scopolamine induced deficits in differential reinforcement of low rate 72s (DRL-72s) schedule in rats: involvement of the serotonergic receptors in restoring the deficits. Eur J Pharmacol. 2013;720:344–354.
  • Yadav PN, Kroeze WK, Farrell MS, et al. Antagonist functional selectivity: 5-HT2A serotonin receptor antagonists differentially regulate 5-HT2A receptor protein level in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011;339:99–105.
  • Citeline © TrialTrove. clinical trial database. [cited 2015 Jul 1]. Available from: https://citeline.com/products/trialtrove/.
  • Maher-Edwards G, Zvartau-Hind M, Hunter AJ, et al. Double-blind, controlled phase II study of a 5-HT6 receptor antagonist, SB-742457, in Alzheimer’s disease. Curr Alzheimer Res. 2010;7:374–385.

** This study provides first evidence of efficacy of a 5-HT6 receptor antagonist in a Phase II study.

  • Cummings JL, Mega M, Gray K, et al. The neuropsychiatric inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology. 1994;44:2308–2314.
  • Gelinas I, Gauthier L, McIntyre M, et al. Development of a functional measure for persons with Alzheimer’s disease: the disability assessment for dementia. Am J Occup Ther. 1999;53:471–481.
  • Maher-Edwards G, Dixon R, Hunter J, et al. SB-742457 and donepezil in Alzheimer disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2011;26:536–544.

** This study provides first evidence of efficacy of a 5-HT6 receptor antagonist in a Phase II study.

  • Brisard C, Safirstein B, Booth K, et al. Safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of SAM-531, a 5-HT6 antagonist, in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease: results from a phase 2a study. Poster presented at ICAD; 2010 Jul 10–15; Honolulu, HI. 2010.
  • Schneider LS. Idalopirdine for Alzheimer’s disease: written in the stars. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:1063–1065.
  • Garcia-Alloza M, Hirst WD, Chen CP, et al. Differential involvement of 5-HT(1B/1D) and 5-HT6 receptors in cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004;29:410–416.
  • Marcos B, Garcia-Alloza M, Gil-Bea FJ, et al. Involvement of an altered 5-HT6 receptor function in behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2008;14:43–50.
  • Andersen VL, Hansen HD, Herth MM, et al. 11C-labeling and preliminary evaluation of pimavanserin as a 5-HT2A receptor PET-radioligand. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2015;25:1053–1056.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.