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Research

Fibrinogen receptor antagonists

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Pages 437-448 | Published online: 03 Mar 2008

References

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  • An excellent study demonstrating a proportionality between shear stress and fibrinogen receptor antagonist dose required to block thrombus formation.
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  • An excellent review with thought provoking discussion regarding conformationally constrained ligands, solvation energy and ligand-receptor interactions.
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  • A useful reference for background reading in peptide mimetics.
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  • O'TOOLE TE, LOFTUS JC, PLOW EF, GLASS AA, HARPER JR,GINSBERG MH: Efficient surface expression of platelet GPIIb-Ma requires both subunits. Blood (1989) 74(1):14–18.
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  • D'SOUZA SED, GINSBERG MM, LAM SCT, PLOW EF: Chemi-cal cross-linking of arginyl-glycyl-aspartic add pep-tides to an adhesion receptor on platelets Biol. Chem. (1988) 263(8):3943–3951.
  • D'SOUZA SED, GINSBERG MH, BURKE TA, LAM SCT, PLOWEF: Localization of an arg-gly-asp recognition site within an integrin adhesion receptor. Science (1988) 242:91–93.
  • GINSBERG MH, DUX, PLOW EF: Cutr. Opin. Cell Biol. (1992)4:766–771.
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  • FOX JEB, UPFERT L, CLARK EA, REYNOLDS CC, AUSTIN CD, BRUGGE JS: On the role of the platelet membrane skeleton in mediating signal transduction. J.Bio/. Chem. (1993) 268(34):25973–25984.
  • DU X, GU M, WEISEL JW, NAGASWAMI C, BENNETT JS, BOWDITCH R, GINSBERG MH: Long range propagation of conformation changes in integrin am403. J.Biol. Chem. (1993) 268(31):23087–23092.
  • DU X, PLOW EF, FRELINGER III AL, O'TOOLE TE, LOFTUS JC, GINSBERG MH: Ligands 'activate' integrin ah133 (plate-let GPIlb-ma). Cell (1991) 65:409–416.
  • Demonstration that simple RGD containing peptides can function as partial agonists by inducing a conformational change in GP Ilb-IIIa to a form that has a high affinity for fibrinogen.
  • GINSBERG MH, O'TOOLE TE, LOFTUS JC, PLOW EF: Ligand binding to integrins: dynamic regulation and common mechanisms. Cold Spring Harb. Sy. (1992) LVII:221–231.
  • FRELINGER AL, LAM SC-T, PLOW EF, SMITH MA, LOFTUS JC, GINSBERG MH: Occupancy of an adhesive protein receptor modulates expression of an antigenic site involved in cell adhesion. J. Biol. Chem. (1988) 263:12397–12402.
  • FRELINGER AL, COHEN I, PLOW EF, SMITH MA, ROBERTS J, LAM SC-T, GINSBERG MH: Selective inhibition of hate-grin function by antibodies specific for ligand-occupied receptor conformers. J. Biol. Chem. (1990) 265:6346–6352,
  • KOUNS WC, WALL CD, WHITE MM., FOX CF, JENNINGS LK: A conformation dependent epitope of GP Ilb-Ma. J. Biol. Chem. (1990) 265:20594–20601.
  • KOUNS WC, FOX CF, LAMOREAUX 'WJ, COONS LB, JEN-NINGS LK: The effect of GP Hb-ma receptor occupancy on the cytoskeleton of resting and activated platelets. J. Biol. Chem. (1991) 266:13891–13899.
  • SHADLE PJ, GINSBERG MH, PLOW EF, BARONDES SH: Platelet collagen adhesion: inhibition by a monoclonal antibody that binds glycoprotein fib. J. Cell Biol. (1984) 99:2056–2060.
  • FRELINGER AL, DU X, PLOW EF, GINSBERG MH: Mono-clonal antibodies to ligand-occupied conformers of integrin alibi33 J. Biol. Chem. (1991) 266:17106–17111.
  • FRIEDMAN P: In vitro and in vivo studies with novelfibrinogen receptor antagonists and factor Xa inhibi-tors. Circulation (1990) 841-1035a.
  • SABA TM: Plasma fibronectin and hepatic kupfer cell function. Prog. Liv. Dis. (1982) 7:109–131.
  • SCHMIDT EE, MACDONALD IC, GROOM AC: Changes in spicule microcirculatory pathways in chronic idi-opathic thrombocytopenia purpura. Blood (1991) 78(6):1485–1489.
  • KOUNS WC, ROUX S, STEINER B: Human platelet GP Ilb-IlIa receptor blockade as a therapeutic strategy. Curr. Opin. Invest. Drugs (1993) 2(5):475–494.
  • An excellent review focusing on studies with 7E3, Integrelin and Ro 44-9883/Ro 43–5054.
  • COLLER BS, PEERSCHICE El, SCUDDER LE, SULLIVAN CA: A murine monoclonal antibody that completely blocks the binding of fibrinogen to platelets and induces a thrombasthenic-like state in normal platelets and binds to glycoproteins lib and/or Ma. J. Clin. Invest. (1983) 72:325–338.
  • COLLER BS: Anew murine monoclonal antibody reports an activation-dependent change in the conformation and/or microenvironment of the glycoprotein Itb/Ma complex. j din. Invest (1985) 76:101–108.
  • TCHENG JE, TOPOL EJ, KLEIMAN NS, ELLIS SG, NAVETTA Fl, FINTEL DJ, WEISMAN, HP, ANDERSON, K, WANG AL, MILLER JA, SIGMON ICN, CALIFF RM and EPIC INVESTIGA-TORS: Improvement in outcomes of coronary angioplasty by treatment with the GPITh/Ma inhibitor chimeric 7E3: multivariabk analysis of the EPIC study. Circulation (1993) 88(4):1I-a2727.
  • Centorx benefits in unstable angina. Scrip (1992) 1753:29.
  • TCHENG JE, ELLIS SG, KLEIMAN NS, HARRINGTON RA,MICK MJ, NAVETTA FL WORLEY S, SMITH JE, ICEREIAKES DJ, KITT MM, MILLER JA, SIGMON ICN, CALIFF RM, TOPOL EJ: Outcome of patients with the GP 11b/ma inhibitor Integrelin during coronary angioplasty: results of the IMPACT study. Circulation (1993) 88(4):II-a3200.
  • BERNARDI MM, CALIFF RM, KLEIMAN N, ELLIS SG, TOPOL El: Lack of usefulness of prolonged bleeding times in predicting hemorrhagic events in patients receiving the 7E3 glycoprotein Hb/Hla platelet antibody. Am. J. Cardiol. (1993) 72(15):1121–1125.
  • This study makes a strong statement against correlating an increased bleeding time with an increase in bleeding events.
  • SCHULMAN SP, GOLDSCHMIDT-CLERMONT PJ, NAVETIA FL CHANDRA NC, GUERCI AD, CALIFF RM, FERGUSON 3, WILLERSON JT, WOLFE CL, BAHR R, YAKUBOV SJ, NY-GAARD TVG', MASON SJ, BRASHEARS L, CHARO I, DU MEE C, KITT MM: Integrelin in unstable angina: a double-blind randomized trial. Circulation (1993) 88(4):II-a3272.
  • DELANTY N, JENNINGS L, MORAN N, CATELLA F, FITZGER- ALD DJ: Antagonism of the platelet glycoprotein receptor in unstable angina: effects on platelet activity and receptor conformation. Circulation (1993) 88(4):II-a1705.
  • Although a small study, the concept of inducing a conformational in the receptor upon ligand binding without an increase in platelet activation has been demonstrated.
  • HARTMAN GD, EGBERTSON MS, HALC7ENKO W, LASWELL WL, DUGGAN ME, SMITH RI, NAYLOR AM, MANNO PD, LYNCH RJ, ZHANG G, CHANG CT-C, GOULD RJ: Non-peptide fibrinogen receptor antagonists. L Discovery and design of exosite inhibitors./ Med. Chem. (1992) 35:4640–4642.
  • A good paper which illustrates the importance of directed screening providing novel, unobvious peptide mimetic starting points.
  • PEERLINCK K, DE LEPEIEIRE I, GOLDBERG M, PANEBI-ANCO D, VERM'YLEN J, ARNOUT J: Activity and safety of L-700,462, a selective GPIIb-IlIa antagonist. Circulation (1992) 86:1–260.
  • PEERLINCK K, ARNOUT J, DE LEPEIEIRE I, GOLDBERG M,FITZPATRICK V, VERMYLEN J: Combined effect of aspirin and MK 383 (L-700,462), a selective GP fib/ma antago-nist, in healthy volunteers. Thromb. Haemostas. (1993) 69(6):a67.
  • AUG L, EDENHOFER A, HADVARY P, HURZELER M, KNOPP D, MULLER M, STEINER B, TRZECIAK A, WELLER T: Low molecular weight, non-peptide fibrinogen antagonists. J. Med. Chem. (1992) 35:4393–4407.
  • KOUNS WC, WET 1 FR T, HADVARY P, JENNINGS LK, STE- INER B: Identification of a peptidomimetic inhibitor with minimal effects on the conformation of Blood (1992) 80:165a.
  • In this study, reversible conformational changes in the GP 11b-111a receptor were documented by monitoring the induction of a LIBS recognized by the D3 monoclonal antibody upon binding to Ro 43–5054; however, these effects were not observed with Ro 44–9883.
  • JONES CR, AMBROS, RJ, RAPOLD HJ, STEINER B, WELLER T, VAN HEIN1NGEN P, CRIJINS HJMJ, JONKMAN JHG, HADVARY P: Ro 44-9883: a novel non peptide GPIlb/Dia antagonist in man. Thromb. Haemostas. (1993) 69(6):a65.
  • CARTEAUX J-P, ROUX S, KUHN H, TSCHOPP T, COLOMBO V, HADVARY P: Ro 44-9883, anew nonpeptide glycopro-tein 1113/111a antagonist, prevents platelet loss during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass. J. of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Sutg . (1993) 106(5):834–841.
  • This study demonstrates potential new indications for fibrinogen receptor antagonists.
  • NIEWIAROWSKI 5: Invited letter concerning: fibrinogen receptor antagonists in cardiopulmonary bypass. J. Tborac. Cardiovasc. Surg. (1993) 106:931–48.
  • ZABLOCKI JA, MIYANO M, GARLAND RB, PIREH D, SCHRETZMAN L, RAO SN, L1NDMARK RJ, PANZER-KNODLE SG, NICHOLSON NS, TAITE BB, SALYERS AK, KING LW, CAMPION JG, FEIGEN LP: Potent in vitro and in vivo Inhibitors of platelet aggregation based upon the arg-gly-asp-phe sequence of fibrinogen. A proposal on the nature of the binding interaction between the arg-guanidine of RGDX mimetics and the platelet GP lib-ffla receptor. J. Med. Chem. (1993) 36:1811–1819.
  • ZABLOCKI JA, MIYANO M, GARLAND RB, PIREH D, SCHRETZMAN L, BOVY P, RICO JG, LINDMARK RJ, TJOENG FS, MCMACKINS DE, TOTH MV, NICHOLSON NS, PANZER-KNODLE S, TAITE B, SALYERS A, KING L, FEIGEN LP: Fibrinogen receptor antagonists - SAR of a new orally active series. 205th ACS Meeting, Denver, Medi - 3, Mar. 29th, 1993.
  • CHENG S, CRAIG WS, MULLEN D, TSCHOPP JF, DIXON D, PIERSCHBACHER MD: Design and synthesis of novel cyclic RGD-containing peptides as highly potent and selective integrin a nb133 antagonists. J. Med. Chem. (1994) 37:1–8.
  • In this study, the authors have demonstrated a separation of fibrino-gen receptor antagonist concentration that inhibits platelet aggrega-tion from one that induces a marked enhancement of bleeding time.
  • TSCHOPP JF, DRISCOLL EM, MU D-X, BLACK SC, PIERSCHBACHER MD, LUCCHESI BR: Inhibition of coro-nary artery reocclusion after thrombolysis with an RGD-containing peptide with no significant effect on bleeding time. Corrmary Artery Disease (1993) 4:809–817.
  • WHITE HD, CHARBONNIER B, VAN DE WERE F, ERHARDT L, DAVID D, HILLIS WS, VON DER LIPPE G, VERHEUGT F97A, JENNINGS G, BRAUN D, FITZPATRICK V, SAX FL: An aspirin-controlled study of MK-852 in patients with unstable angina. Circulation (1993) 813(4):11–a1074.
  • Scrip-on-line Plus.
  • CALLAHAN JF, NEWLANDER KA, BURGESS JL, EGGLESTON DS, NICHOLS A, WONG A, HUFFMAN WE: The use of y-turn mimetics to define peptide secondary structure. Tetra-hedron (1993) 49:3479–3488.
  • KU TW, ALI FE, BARTON LS, BEAN JW, BONDINELL WE, BURGESS JL, CALLAHAN JF, CALVO RR, CHEN L, EG-GLESTON DS, GLEASON JG, HUFFMAN WE, HWANG SM, JAKAS DR, KARASH, CB, 10EENAN, RM, KOPPLE KD, MITI FR WH, NEWLANDER ICA, NICHOLS A, PARKER ME, PEISHOFF CE, SAMANEN JM, UZINSICAS I, VENSLAVS1CY JW: Direct design of a potent non-peptide fibrinogen receptor antagonist based on the structure and conformation of a highly constrained cyclic RGD peptide. J. Am. Chem Soc. (1993) 115:8861–8862.
  • CALLAHAN JF, BEAN JW, BURGESS JL, EGGLESTON DS, MEI HWANG S, KOPPLE KD, KOSTER PF, NICHOLS A, PEISHOFF CE, SAMANEN JM, VASKO JA, WONG A, HUFFMAN WE: Design and synthesis of a C7 mimetic for the predicted T-turn conformation found in several constrained RGD antagonists. J. Med. Chem. (1992) 35:3970–3972.
  • BLACKBURN BK, MCDOWELL RS: The design and synthe-sis of non-peptidic GPantagonists. 205th ACSMeeting, Denver, Medi -4, Mar. 29th, 1993.
  • MCDOWELL RS, GADEK TR: Structural studies of potent constrained RGD peptides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1992) 114:9245–9253.
  • BARKER PL, BUT TENS 5, BUNTING S, BURDICK DJ, CHAN KS, DEISHER T, EIGENBROT GADEK TR, GANTZOS R, LIPARI MT, MUIR CD, NAPIER MA, PITTI RM, PADUA A, QUAN C, STANLEY M, STRUBLE M, TOM JYK, BURNIER JP: CyclicRGD peptide analogues as antiplatelet antithrom-botics. J. Med. Chem. (1992) 35:2040.
  • BLACKBURN BK, BARKER P, GADEK T, MCDOWEIT RS, MCGEE L, SOMERS T, WEBB R, ROBARGE K: (1993) Int. Pat. Appl. WO 93/08174.
  • NICHOLSON NS, TAITE B, PANZER-KNODLE S, SALYERS A, HAAS N, SZALONY J, ZABLOCKI JA, FEIGEN IP, GLENN K, ICELLER B, BROSCHAT K, HERIN M, JACQMIN P, LESNE M: An orally active glycoprotein fib-ma antagonist -SC-54684. Thromb. Haemostas. (1993) 69(6):a1558.
  • FEIGEN LP, NICHOLSON NS, TAITE B, PANZER-KNODLE S, SALYERS A, HAAS N, SZALONY J, ZABLOCKI JA: Long-term
  • Inhibition of platelets in dogs with the orally-active anb133 antagonist SC-54684. Thromb. Haemostas. (1993) 69(6):a1883.
  • ZABLOCKI JA, NICHOISON NS, TAITE B, PANZER-KNODLE S, SALYERS A, HAAS N, SZALONY J, FEIGEN LP, HERIN M, JACQMIN P, LESNE M, BOVY P, TJOENG FS: Selection of an orally active glycoprotein Ilb/Illa receptor antago-nist for clinical trials. Thromb. Haemostas. (1993) 69(6):a2503.
  • ZABLOCKI JA, BOVY PR, RICO JG, ROGERS TE, LINDMARK RJ, TJOENG FS, GARLAND RB, WILLIAMS K, SCHRETZMAN L, TOTH MV, McMACKINS DE, NICHOLSON NS, TAITE BB, PANZER-KNODLE SG, SALYERS AK, HAAS NF, SZALONY JA, RAO SN, MARKOS CS, FEIGEN LP: Potent in vitro and in vivo inhibitors of platelet aggregation based upon the arg-giy-asp sequence of fibrinogen. 207th ACS Meet-ing, San Diego, Medi - 14, Mar. 13th, 1994.
  • DUGGAN ME, IHLE NC; European Patent 0478362 A, Apr 01, 1992.
  • GOULD RJ, BARRETT JS, ELISS JD, HOLAHAN MA, S-11tA-NIERI MT, THEOHARIDES AD, LYNCH JJ, FRIEDMAN PA, DUGGAN ME, IHLE NC, ANDERSON PS, HARTMAN GD: Characterization of L-703,014, a novel fibrinogen recep-tor antagonist, following oral administration to dogs. Thromb. Haemostas. (1993) 69(6):a2.
  • EGBERTSON MS, CHANG CT-C, DUGGAN ME, GOULD RJ, HALCZENKO W, HARTMAN GD, LASWELL WL, LYNCH RJ, MANNO PD, NAYLOR AM, PRUGH JD, RAMJIT DR, SITKO GR, SMITH RS, TURCHI LM, ZHANG G: Non-peptide fi-brinogen receptor antagonists. 2. Optimization of a tyrosine template as a mimic for arg-gly-asp. 207th ACS Meeting, San Diego, Medi - 15, Mar. 13th, 1994.
  • EGBERTSON MS, NAYLOR AM, HARTMAN GD, COOK JJ, GOULD RJ, HOLAHAN MA, LYNCH Jr. JJ, LYNCH RJ, S1KA-NIERI MT, TURCHI LM: Non-peptide fibrinogen receptor antagonists. 3. Design and discovery of a centrally constrained inhibitor. 207th ACS Meeting, San Diego, Medi - 16, Mar. 13th, 1994.
  • DUGGAN ME, IHLE N, HARTMAN G, TURCHI LM, EGBERT- SON MS, HOFFMAN WF: European Patent 512831-Al, Nov. 11, 1992.
  • An interesting patent which contains potent confonnationally con-strained inhibitors of platelet aggregation.
  • FOSTER MR, PIKE NB, HORNBY EJ, PORTER B, ELDRED CD, ROSS BC, LUMLEY P: 6R144053, a potent and specific non-peptide fibrinogen receptor antagonist on human platelets in vitro. Thromb. Haemostas. (1993) 69(6):a64.
  • PIKE NB, FOSTER MR, HORNBY EJ, LUMLEY P: Effect of the fibrinogen receptor antagonist GR144053 upon platelet aggregation ex vivo following intravenous and oral administration to the marmoset and cynomolgus monkey. Thromb. Haemostas. (1993) 69(6):a1886.
  • WHITE BP, LUMLEY P: GR144053, a fibrinogen receptor antagonist, prevents coronary thrombosis lathe anaes-thestised dog. Thromb. Haemostas. (1993) 69(6):a1886.
  • AUSTEL V, EISERT WG, HIMMELSBACH F, LINZ G, MULLER TH, PIEPER H, SEEWALDT-BECKER E, WEISENBERGER H: Design of highly potent nonpeptidic fibrinogen recep-tor antagonists. 205th ACS Meeting, Denver, Medi - 101, Mar. 29th, 1993.
  • MULLER TH, RUHR K, HIMMELSBACH F, SEEWALDT-BECKER E: The non-peptide fibrinogen receptor antago-nist BIBU 52, in contrast to aspirin, does not interfere with the modulation of thrombus formation by vascu-lar cells. Thromb. Haemostas. (1993) 69(6):a1888.
  • MULLER TH, SCHURER H, WALDMANN L, BAUER E, HIM- MELSBACH F, BINDER K: Oral activity of BIBU 104, a prodrug of the non-peptide fibrinogen receptor antago-nist EMU 52, in mice and monkeys. Thromb. Haemostas. (1993) 69(6):a1557.
  • This study documents the importance of screening compounds in several species, since BIBU 52 is rapidly cleared in dogs.
  • MULLER TH, GERSTER U, KOCH V, HIMMELSBACH F, GUTH BD: BIBU 52, a non-peptide fibrinogen receptor antagonist, inhibits arterial thrombosis in vivo more effectively than either aspirin or heparin. Thromb. Haemostas. (1993) 69(6):a1889.
  • BUSH LR, SHEBUSKI RJ: In vivo models of arterial tbrom- bosis and tbromolysis. FASEB (1990) 4:3087-3098. A good review of in vivo models.
  • DEGRADO WF, JACKSON SA, MOUSA SA, PARTHASARATHY A, SWORIN M: World Patent 93/07170, April 15, 1993.
  • MOUSA SA, DEGRADO WF, JACKSON SA, THOOLEN MJ, PIERCE SK, BOZARTH JM, HASSELL SM, REILLY TM: Anti-platelet efficacy and safety of the platelet GP Ilb/Ma antagonist, DMP 728 in anesthetized dogs. Circulation (1993) /38(4):II-a1706.
  • During the authors' presentation, DMP 728 was stated to be orally active in dogs; however, to our knowledge, detailed data has not been disclosed.
  • ROTE WE, MU D-X, MOUSA SA, REILLY TM, LUCCHESI BR: DMP728, a GP lib/Ma antagonist, enhances rt-PA-in-duced coronary thrombolysis and prevents rethrom-bosis in a chronic canine modeL Circulation (1993) 88(4):II-a2464.
  • BERNARDI MM, CAUFF RM, ICLEIMAN N, ELUS SG, TOPOL EJ: Prolonged bleeding times do not predict hemorrhagic events in patients receiving the 7E3 glycoprotein fib/Ma platelet antibody. Circulation (1992) 86 (4):II-a1035.
  • A statement was made in the conclusion of this presentation that a pro-rated 'dose of coadministered heparin based on weight of coad-ministered heparin may further diminish bleeding enhancement.
  • MOUSA SA, BOZARTH JM, FORSYTHE MS, JACKSON MS, LEAMY A, DIEMER MM, KAPIL RP, KANBB RM, MAYO MC, PIERCE SK, DE GRADO WE, THOOLEN MJ, REILLY TM: Antiplatlet and antithrombotic efficacy of DMP 728, a novel platelet GP fib/ma receptor antagonist. Circula-tion (1994) 89:3–12.
  • HANDAGAMA P, SCARBOROUGH RM, SCHUMAN MA, BAINTON DF: Endocytosis of fibrinogen into inegakaryocytes and platelet a-granules is mediated by a11b03 (glycoprotein fib-H1a). Blood (1993) 82:135–138.
  • MOUSA SA, REILLY TM: Pharmacological blockade of platelet GP 11b/Ma and the inherited disorders of the platelet GP Ilb/Ma (Glanzmann's thrombasthenia): How safe is this antithrombotic approach for both acute and chronic treatment of thromboembolic disorders? Cardiology (1993) 83:36–37.
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