46
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Bispecific antibodies for the treatment of tumours and infectious diseases

, &
Pages 1169-1178 | Published online: 23 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • DILLMAN RO: Monoclonal antibodies for treating can- ?cer. Ann. Intern. Med. (1989) 111:592–603.
  • A thorough review of the issues, and the future of in vivo monoclonal antibody therapy for cancer, including toxicity and efficacy associ-ated with clinical trials.
  • VON MEHREN M, WEINER LM: Monoclonal antibody-based therapy. Curr. Opin. Oncol (1996) 8:493–498.
  • VAN DE WINKEL JGJ, CAPEL PJ: Human IgG Fc receptor heterogeneity: molecular aspects and clinical implica-tions. ImmunoL Today (1993) 14:215–221.
  • Discussion of Fc receptors for IgG, including their general charac-teristics, distribution, specificity, biological functions, heterogeneity and polymorphisms.
  • POWELL MS, HULETT MD, BRINKWORTH RI, HOGARTH PM: Human FcyR: ligand interactions. In: Human IgG Fc Receptors. van de Winkle JGJ, Cape! PJA (Eds.), RG Landes Company, Austin (1996):5–24.
  • FANGER MW, SHEN L, GRAZIANO RF, GUYRE PM: Cyto- toxicity mediated by human Fc receptors for IgG. Im-munol Today (1989) 10:92.
  • Detailed review of Fc receptor distribution and density on myeloid cells with a specific emphasis on antibody dependent cytotoxicity.
  • SEGAL DM, URCH CE, GEORGE AJT, JOST CR: Bispecific antibodies in cancer treatment. In: Biologic Therapy of Cancer. DeVita VT, Jr., Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (Eds.), Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Co. (1992):1–12.
  • VAN DE WINKEL JGJ, CAPEL PJA: Human IgG Fc Receptors. RG Landes Company, Austin (1996).
  • A recent book which focuses on the Fc receptors for IgG with a noteworthy list of contributors.
  • WALLACE PK, HOWELL AL, FANGER MW: Role of Feyreceptors in cancer and infectious disease. J. Leukoc. Biol. (1994) 55:816–826.
  • ANDERSON CL, SHEN L, EICHER DM, VVEWERS MD, GILL JK: Phagocytosis mediated by three distinct Fcy receptor classes on human leukocytes. J. Exp. Med. (1990) 171:1333–1345.
  • Thorough evaluation of the capacity of the three human Fc receptors for IgG on different cells to mediate phagocytosis, superoxide generation and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
  • FANGER MW, MORGANELLI PM, GUYRE PM: Bispecific antibodies. Crit. Rev. Immunol. (1992) 12:101-124.Review of bispecific antibodies targeting myeloid, T- and NK-cells. The authors discuss bispecific antibody production, and review preclinic al studies.
  • FANGER MW, GUYRE PM: Bispecific antibodies for tar- geted cellular cytotoxicity. Trends Biotechnol (1991) 9:375–380.
  • SEGAL DM, BAKACS T, JOST CR et al.: T-cell-targeted cytotoxicity. In: Bispecific Antibodies. Fanger MW (Ed.), RGLandes Company, Austin (1995):27–42.
  • Thorough discussion of the data using bispecific antibodies to redirect T-cells in vitro, in animal models and in clinical trials. The authors also discuss mechanisms of cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
  • GRAZIANO RF, FANGER MW: FcyRI and Fc gamma RII on monocytes and granulocytes are cytotoxic trigger mole-cules for tumor cells. J. Immunol (1987) 139:3536–3541.
  • ELY P, WALLACE PK, GIVAN AL, GRAZIANO RF, GUYREPM, FANGER MW: Bispecific-armed, IFN-y-primed macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of malignant Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood (1996) 87:3813–3821.
  • GOSSELIN EJ, WARDWELL K, GOSSELIN DR et al En- ?hanced antigen presentation using human Fcyreceptor (monocyte/macrophage)-specific immunogens. J. Im-munoL (1992) 149:3477–3481.
  • First demonstration that Fc receptor targeted antigens would have a potent vaccine effect.
  • LIU C, GOLDSTEIN J, GRAZIANO RF etal: F(c)yRI-targeted fusion proteins result in efficient presentation by hu-man monocytes of antigenic and antagonist T-cell epi-topes. J. Clin. Invest. (1996) 98:2001–2007.
  • KAUFMAN PA, GUYRE PM, LEWIS LD et al.: Her-2/neu targeted immunotherapy: a pilot study of multi-dose MDX-210 in patients with breast or ovarian cancers that overexpress HER-2/neu and a report of an increased incidence of HER-2/neu overexpression in metastatic breast cancer. Tumor Targeting (1996) 2:17–28.
  • GRAZIANO RF, SOMASUNDARAM C, GOLDSTEIN J: The production of bispecific antibodies. In: Bispecific Anti-bodies. Fanger MW (Ed.) RG Landes Co., Austin (1995):1–26.
  • VALONE FH, KAUFMAN PA, GUYRE PM eta].: Phase Ia/lb trial of bispecific antibody MDX210 (antiHER-2/neu xantiFcyllI) in patients with advanced breast or ovarian cancer that over-expresses the proto-oncogene HER-2/neu. j Clin. Oncol (1995) 13:2281–2292.
  • Results from the first clinical trial in which MDX-210 was used. Treatment was immunologically active and well-tolerated with one partial and one mixed tumour response among 10 patients.
  • REPP R, VALERIUS T, WIELAND G et al.: G-CSF-stimulated PMN in immunotherapy of breast cancer with a bispe-cific antibody to FcyRI and to HER-2/neu (MDX-210). J. Hematother. (1995) 4:415–421.
  • POSEY J, VERMA U, MARSHALL JL et al.: Pilot trial of MDX-H210 and GM-CSF for patients with advanced erbB-2 positive malignancies [Abstract]. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (1996) 37:A1136. Abstract.
  • ATHERTON PJ, JAMES ND, WALLACE DMA, COOKE P, JONES J: An update on a Phase II study to determine the biological effects of the BsAb MDX-H210 (anti-HER-2/neu x anti-CD64) combined with GM-CSF in patients with advanced prostate and renal cell carcinomas that express HER2/neu. Cancer Immunol Immunother. (1997) (In press).
  • DE GAST GC, VAN HOUTEN AA, HAAGEN IA et al: Clinical experience with CD3 x CD19 bispecific antibodies in patients with B-cell malignancies. J. Hematother. (1995) 4:433–437.
  • CANEVARI S, MEZZANZANICA D, MAZZONI A eta].: Bis-pecific antibody targeted T-cell therapy of ovarian can-cer: clinical results and future directions. J. Hematother. (1995) 4:423–427.
  • Extensive study, using T-cells retargeted with the bispecific antibody OCTR (antiCD3 x antifolate receptor), to treat patients with ovarian carcinoma. A total of 28 patients received activated leukocytes retargeted with OCTR. Seven out of 26 patients (27%) showed complete or partial intraperitoneal responses; however, the disease relapsed outside the peritoneal cavity.
  • JANSSEN RA, KROESEN BJ, BUTER J eta].: Immunomodu-latory effects of intravenous BIS-1 F(abl2 administra-tion in renal cell cancer patients. Br. J. Cancer (1995) 72:795–799.
  • NITTA T, SATO K, YAGITA H, OKUMURA K, ISHII S:Preliminary trial of specific targeting therapy against malignant glioma. Lancet (1990) 335:368–371.
  • KROESEN BJ, BUTER J, SLEIJFER DT et al. Phase I study of intravenously applied bispecific antibody in renal cell cancer patients receiving sc. interleukin 2. Br. J. Cancer (1994) 70:652–661.
  • KROESEN BJ, JANSSEN RA, BUTER J et al.: Bispecificmonoclonal antibodies for iv. treatment of carcinoma patients: immunobiologic aspects. J. Hematother. (1995) 4:409–414.
  • WEINER LM, CLARK JI, DAVEY M et al.: Phase I trial of 2B1, a bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting c-erbB-2 and FcyRIII. Cancer Res. (1995) 55:4586–4593.
  • Results from the first clinical trial targeting CD16 and Her-2/neu positive tumours using 2B1; 15 patients were treated. Thrombocy-topenia was dose-limiting and treatment had potent immunological effects.
  • WEINER LM, CLARK JI, RING DB, ALPAUGH RK: Clinicaldevelopment of 2B1, a bispecific murine monoclonal antibody targeting c-erbB-2 and FcyRIIL J. Hematother. (1995) 4:453–456.
  • HARTMANN F, RENNER C, JUNG W et al.: Treatment of refractory Hodgkin's disease with an antiCD16/CD30bispecific antibody. Blood (1997) 89:2042–2047.
  • Encouraging results from a bispecifc antibody Phase I/II clinical trial targeting CD16 and the Hodgkin's-associated CD30 antigen. The treatment was well-tolerated by the 9 patients treated, with 1 complete and 1 partial remission, 3 minor responses and 1 mixed response.
  • RAVETCH JV: Fe receptors: rubor redux. Cell (1994)78:553–560.
  • DEO YM, GRAZIANO RF, REPP R, VAN DE WINKEL JGJ: Clinical significance of IgG Fe receptors and FcyR-di-rected immunotherapies. Immunol. Today (1997) 18:127–135.
  • Recent review of how Fc receptors for IgG trigger the inflammatory, cytotoxic, and hypersensitivity functions of immune effector cells, and how they can be exploited to develop novel therapies for cancer, infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders. Initial results from several clinical trials are discussed.
  • FANGER NA, VOIGTLAENDER D, LIU C et al.: Charac-terisation of expression, cytokine regulation, and effec-tor function of the high affinity IgG receptor FcyRI (CD64) expressed on human blood dendritic cells. J. Immunol. (1997) 158:3090–3098.
  • FANGER NA, WARDWELL K, SHEN L, TEDDER TF, GUYREPM: Type I (CD64) and Type II (CD32) Fey receptor-me-diated phagocytosis by human blood dendritic cells. J. Immunol. (1996) 157:541–548.
  • CHOKRI M, LOPEZ M, OLERON C et al: Production ofhuman macrophages with potent antitumor properties (MAK) by culture of monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. Anticancer Res. (1992) 12:2257–2260.
  • WALLACE PK, MORAHAN PS: Role of macrophages in theimmunotherapy of Lewis lung peritoneal carcinoma-tosis. j Leukoc. Biol. (1994) 56:41–51.
  • HASKILL JS, FETT JW: Possible evidence for antibody-de-pendent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity directed against murine adenocarcinoma cells in vivo. J. Immu-nol. (1976) 117:1992–1998.
  • STEWART CC, STEVENSON AP, HIBBS JB: Effector mecha-nisms for macrophage-induced cytostas is and cytolysis of tumor cells. In: Macrophages and Cancer. Heppner GH, Fulton AM (Eds.), CRC Press, New York (1988):39–59.
  • ADAMS DO, HAMILTON TA: Activation of macrophagesfor tumor cell kill: effector mechanisms and regulation. In: Macrophages and Cancer. Heppner GH, Fulton AM (Eds.), CRC Press, New York (1988):27–38.
  • FIDLER IJ, BARNES Z, FOGLER WE et al Involvement of macrophages in the eradication of established metasta-ses following intravenous injection of liposomes con-taining macrophage activators. Cancer Res. (1982) 42:496–501.
  • BENACH JL, FLEIT HB, HABICHT GS et al: Interactions of phagocytes with the Lyme disease spirochete: role of the Fe receptor. J. Infect. Dis. (1984) 150:497.
  • HORWITZ MA: The roles of the Fe and C3 receptors in the phagocytosis and killing of bacteria by human phagocytes. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc. (1980) 28:17.
  • HO M, WHITE NJ, LOOAREESUWAN S et al.: Splenic Fe receptor function in host defense and anemia in acute Plasmodium fakiparum malaria. J. Infect. Dis. (1990) 161:555.
  • CONNOR RI, DINCES NB, HOWELL AL et al.: Fe receptors for IgG (FcyR) on human monocytes and macrophages are not infectivity receptors for human immunodefi-ciency virus type 1 (HIV-1): studies using bispecific antibodies to target HIV-1 to various myeloid cell sur-face molecules, including the FcyR. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1991) 88:9593–9597.
  • MABONDZO A, AUSSAGE P, BARTHOLEYNS J etal.: Bispe-cific antibody targeting of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) glycoprotein 41 to human macro-phages through the Fe IgG receptor I mediates neutral-ising effects in HIV-1 infection. J. Infect. Dis. (1992) 166:93–99.
  • HAUSER WE, Jr., REMINGTON JS: Effect of monoclonalantibodies on phagocytosis and killing of Toxoplasma gondii by normal macrophages. Infect. Immun. (1981) 32:637–640.
  • LANZAVECCHIA A: Mechanisms of antigen uptake for presentation. Curr. Opin. Immunol (1996) 8:348–354.
  • HEIJNEN IAFM, VAN VUGT MJ, FANGER NA et at Antigen targeting to myeloid-specific human FcyRI/CD64 trig-gers enhanced antibody responses in transgenic mice. Clin. Invest. (1996) 97:331–338.
  • ALLEN JM, SEED B: Isolation and expression of func-tional high-affinity Fe receptor complementary DNAs. Science (1989) 243:378–381.
  • GUYRE PM, GRAZIANO RF, VANCE BA, MORGANELLI PM,FANGER MW: Monoclonal antibodies that bind to dis-tinct epitopes on FcyRI are able to trigger receptor function. J. Immunol. (1989) 143:1650–1655.
  • GRAZIANO RF, TEMPEST PR, WHITE P et al.: Construction and characterisation of a humanised antigamma-immu-noglobulin receptor Type I (FcyRI) monoclonal anti-body. J. Immunol (1995) 155:4996–5002.
  • SADASIVAN R, MORGAN R, JENNINGS S et al.: Overexpres-sion of Her-2/neu may be an indicator of poor progno-sis in prostate cancer. J. Urol. (1993) 150:126–131.
  • BOSTWICK DG, BURKE HB, WHEELER TM et al.: The most promising surrogate endpoint biomarkers for screen-ing candidate chemopreventive compounds for pro-static adenocarcinoma in short-term Phase II clinical trials. J. Cell. Biochem. (1994) 19:283–289.
  • GIRT DK, WADHWA SN, UPADHAYA SN, TALWAR GP: Expression of NEU/HER-2 oncoprotein (p185neu) in prostate tumors: an immunohistochemical study. Pros-tate (1993) 23:329–336.
  • STUMM G, EBERVVEIN S, ROSTOCK-WOLF S et al.: Con-comitant ove rexpress ion of the EGFR and erbB-2genes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is correlated with dedif-ferentiation and metastasis. Int. J. Cancer (1996) 69:17–22.
  • DANOVA M, GIORDANO M, TORELLI F et al.: HER-2/neu oncogene expression and DNA ploidy in normal hu-man kidney and renal cell carcinoma. Eur. J. Histochem. (1992) 36:279–288.
  • YANG JL, YU Y, MARKOVIC B, RUSSELL PJ, CROWE PJ: Overexpression of c-erbB-2 mRNA and/or c-neu onco-protein is a predictor for metastases from colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res. (1997) 17:1023–1026.
  • LAZARIS AC, THEODOROPOULOS GE, ANASTASSOPOU-LOS P et al: Prognostic significance of p53 and c-erbB-2 immunohistochemical evaluation in colorectal adeno-carcinoma. Hist. Histopathol (1995) 10:661–668.
  • SLAMON DJ, GODOLPHIN W, JONES LA et al.: Studies of the HER-2/neu proto-oncogene in human breast and ovarian cancer. Science (1989) 244:707–712.
  • First paper to describe the amplification and over-expression of HER-2/neu in 25–30 percent of human breast and ovarian cancers.
  • LUPU R, CARDILLO M, HARRIS L, HIJAZI M, ROSENBERG K: Interaction between erbB-receptors and heregulin in breast cancer tumor progression and drug resistance. Semin. Cancer Biol. (1995) 6:135–145.
  • BERCHUCK A, KAMEL A, WHITAKER R et al.: Overexpres-sion of HER-2/neu is associated with poor survival in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer Res. (1990) 50:4087–4091.
  • KELER T, GRAZIANO RF, MANDAL A et al: Bispecific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of 11E112/neu-overexpressing tumor cells by Fey receptor type I-ex-pressing effector cells. Cancer Res. (1997) (In press).
  • CURNOW R: Clinical experience with CD64-directed immunotherapy: overview. Cancer Immunol 'MI7111170-ther. (1997) (In press).
  • VALERIUS T, REPP R, WIELAND G et al.: Bispecific anti-body MDX210 (FcgammaRI x HER-2/NEU) in combina-tion with G-CSF: results of a Phase I trial in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin Oncol (1996) 15:A97. Abstract.
  • DASSONVILLE O, FORMENTO JL, FRANCOUAL M et al.: Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and survival in upper aerodigestive tract cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (1993) 11:1873–1878.
  • PIRINEN R, LIPPONEN P, AALTOMAA S, SYRJANEN K: Prognostic value of epidermal growth factor expres-sion in breast cancer. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. (1997) 123:63–68.
  • COLLINS VP: Epidermal growth factor gene and its transcripts in glioblastomas. In: Molecular Neuro-oncol-ogy and its Impact in the Clinical Management of Brain Tumors. Weistler O, Schlegel U, Schramm J (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1994):17–24.
  • CONCOLINO G, LUBRANO C, SANTONATI A et al: Epider-mal growth factor (EGF) binding by normal and neo-plastic human renal tissue. J. Tumor Marker Oncol. (1989) 4:89–97.
  • SARGENT ER, GOMELLA LG, BELLDEGRUN A, LINEHANWM, KASID A: Epidermal growth factor receptor gene expression in normal human kidney and renal cell carcinoma. J. Urol. (1989) 142:1364–1368.
  • KING CR, KRAUS MU, DIFIORE PP, PAIK S, KASPRZYK PG:Implications of erbB-2overexpression for basic science and clinical medicine. Semin. Cancer Biol. (1990) 1:329–337.
  • MODJTAHEDI H, DEAN C: The receptor for EGF and itsligands: expression, prognostic value, and target for therapy in cancer. Int. j Oncol. (1997) 4:277–283.
  • GUADAGNI F, ROSELLI M, COSIMELLI M et al.: TAG-72expression and its role in the biological evaluation of human colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res. (1996) 16:2141–2148.
  • MYERS RB, MEREDITH RF, SCHLOM J et al.: Tumor asso-ciated glycoprotein-72 is highly expressed in prostatic adenocarcinomas. j Urol. (1994) 152:243–246.
  • MURARO R, KUROKI M, WUNDERLICH D, et al.: Genera-tion and characterisation of B72.3 second generation monoclonal antibodies reactive with the tumor-associ-ated glycoprotein 72 antigen. Cancer Res. (1988) 48:4588–4596.
  • MOODY TW, VENUGOPAL R, ZIA F eta].: BW2258U89: aGRP receptor antagonist which inhibits small cell lung cancer growth. Life Sci. (1995) 56:521–529.
  • CHEN J, ZHOU JH, MOKOTOFF M, FANGER MW, BALL ED:Lysis of small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) cells by cytokine-activated monocytes and natural killer cells in the presence of bispecific immunoconjugates contain-ing a gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) analogue or a GRP antagonist. J. Hematother. (1995) 4:369–376.
  • PINSKI J, SCHALLY AV, HALMOS G, SZEPESHAZI K: Effectof somatostatin analogue RC-160 and bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide antagonist RC-3095 on growth of PC-3 human prostate-cancer xenografts in nude mice. Int. J. Cancer (1993) 55:963–967.
  • PINSKI J, HALMOS G, SCHALLY AV: Somatostatin ana-logue RC-160 and bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide antagonist RC-3095 inhibit the growth of androgen-in-dependent DU-145 human prostate cancer line in nude mice. Cancer Lett. (1993) 71:189–196.
  • PINSKI J, SCHALLY AV, HALMOS G, SZEPESHAZI K, GROOTK: Somatostatin analogues and bombesin/gastrin-re-leasing peptide antagonist RC-3095 inhibit the growth of human glioblastomas in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Res. (1994) 54:5895–5901.
  • HOWELL AL, GUYRE PM, YOU K-S, FANGER MW: Target-ing HIV-1 to FcyR on human phagocytes via bispecific antibodies reduces infectivity of 11IV-1 to T-cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. (1994) 55:385–391.
  • MABONDZO A, LE NAOUR R, LE GRAND R et al.: Func-tional consequences of macrophage infection by hu-man immunodeficiency virus: bispecific antibody targeting of HIV-1-infected cells to Fey RI expressing effector cells. J. Hematother. (1995) 4:579–585.
  • HUIZINGA TW, VAN DER SCHOOT CE, JOST C et al: ThePI-linked receptor for FcRIII is released on stimulation of neutrophils. Nature (1988) 333:667–669.
  • FLEIT HB, WRIGHT SD, UNKELESS JC: Human neutrophil Fey receptor distribution and structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1982) 79:3275–3279.
  • RING DB, SHI T, HSIEH-MA ST et al.: Targeted lysis of human breast cancer cells by human effector cells armed with bispecific antibody 2B1 (anti-c-erb-2/anti-Fey receptor III). In: Breast Epithelial Antigens: Molecular Biology to ClinicalApplications. Ceriani R (Ed.) Plenum Press, New York (1990:91–104.
  • WEINER LM, HOLMES M, RICHESON A et al.: Binding and cytotoxicity characteristics of the bispecific murine monoclonal antibody 2B1. j Immunol (1993) 151:2877–2886.
  • WEINER LM, ALPAUGH RK, AMOROSO AR et al.: Human neutrophil interactions of a bispecific monoclonal an-tibody targeting tumor and human FeyRIIL Cancer Im-munol Immunother. (1996) 42:141–150.
  • MORTON HC, VAN EGMOND M, VAN DE WINKEL JG: Structure and function of human IgA Fc receptors (FeaR). Grit. Rev. Immunol. (1996) 16:423–440.
  • MONTEIRO RC, COOPER MD, KUBAGAWA H: Molecular heterogeneity of Fca receptors detected by receptor-specific monoclonal antibodies. J. Immunol. (1992) 148:1764–1770.
  • KELER T, VITALE LA, RUSSONIELLO C et aL: Fca R-directed bispecific antibody mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother. (1997) (In press).
  • FANGER MW, LYDYARD PM: Receptors for IgA on human lymphocytes. I. detection and specificity. Mol Immunol (1981) 18:189–195.
  • MALISZEWSKI CR, SHEN L, FANGER MW: The expression of receptors for IgA on human monocytes and cal-citriol-treated HL-60 cells. J. Immunol (1985) 135:3878–3881.
  • FANGER MW, GOLDSTINE SN, SHEN L: The properties and role of receptors for IgA on human leukocytes. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1983) 409:552–563.
  • LYDYARD PM, FANGER MW: Receptors for IgA on human lymphocytes. II. Organ distribution and relationships with other Fc receptor-bearing populations. Scand. Immunol. (1981) 14:509–514.
  • FANGER MW, GOLDSTINE SN, SHEN L: Cytofluorographic analysis of receptors for IgA on human polymorp honu-clear cells and monocytes and the correlation of recep-tor expression with phagocytosis. Mol Immunol (1983) 20:1019–1027.
  • FERGUSON PJ, MARTIN EN, GREENE KL et al: Antigen-based heteropolymers facilitate, via primate erythro-cyte complement receptor Type 1, rapid erythrocyte binding of an autoantibody and its clearance from the circulation in rhesus monkeys. J. Immunol. (1995) 155:339–347.
  • REIST CJ, COMBS MJ, CROFT BY, TAYLOR RP: Antigens pre-bound to the primate erythrocyte complement re-ceptor via cross-linked bispecific monoclonal antibody heteropolymers are rapidly cleared from the circula-tion. Eur. j Immunol (1993) 23:3021–3027.
  • TAYLOR RP, SUTHERLAND VVM, MARTIN EN et al.: Bispe-cific monoclonal antibody complexes bound to primate erythrocyte complement receptor 1 facilitate virus clearance in a monkey model. J. Immunol. (1997) 158:842–850.
  • Novel bispecific antibody prepared by chemically cross-linking a monoclonal antibody specific for the complement receptor 1 with a monoclonal antibody specific for a circulating antigen. After in vivo binding to erythrocytes, the complexes containing circulating anti-gen are rapidly cleared from the circulation without erythrocyte loss. This methodology may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of diseases associated with blood-borne pathogens.
  • POWERS JH, BUSTER BL, REIST CJ et al.: Complement-in-dependent binding of microorganisms to primate erythrocytes in vitro by cross-linked monoclonal anti-bodies via complement receptor 1. Infect. Immun. (1995) 63:1329–1335.
  • TAYLOR RP: Primate erythrocyte CR-directed therapeu-tic approaches to human disease. Cancer Immunol. Im-munother. (1997) (In press).
  • REINAGEL ML, GEZEN M, FERGUSON PJ et al.: The primate erythrocyte complement receptor (CR1) as a privileged site: binding of immunoglobulin G to erythrocyte CR1 does not target erythrocytes for phagocytosis. Blood (1997) 89:1068–1077.
  • PEREZ P, TITUS JA, LOTZE MT et al: Specific lysis of human tumor cells by T-cells coated with antiT3 cross-linked to antitumor antibody. J. Immunol (1986) 137:2069–2072.
  • PEREZ P, HOFFMAN RW, SHAW S, BLUESTONE JA, SEGAL DM: Specific targeting of cytotwde T-cells by antiT3 linked to antitarget cell antibody. Nature (1985) 316:354–356.
  • BELANI R, WEINER GJ: T-cell activation and cytokine production in antiCD3 bispecific antibody therapy. J. Hematother. (1995) 4:395–402.
  • SILICIANO RF, PRATT JC, SCHMIDT RE, RITZ J, REINHERZ EL: Activation of cytolytic T-lymphocyte and natural killer cell function through the T11 sheep erythrocyte binding protein. Nature (1985) 317:428–430.
  • TUTT AL, REID R, WILKINS BS, GLENNIE MJ: Activation and preferential expansion of rat cytotoxic (CD8) T-cells in vitro and in vivo with a bispecific (antiTCR alpha/beta x antiCD2) F(abl2 antibody. J. Immunol (1995) 155:2960–2971.
  • NITTA T, SATO K, OKUMURA K, ISHII S: Induction of cytotoxicity in human T-cells coated with antiglioma x antiCD3 bispecific antibody against human glioma cells. J. Neurosurg. (1990) 72:476–481.
  • SCOTT CF,JR., LAMBERT JM, KALISH RS, MORIMOTO C, SCHLOSSMAN SF: Human T-cells can be directed to lyse tumor targets through the alternative activation/T11-E rosette receptor pathway. J. Immunol (1988) 140:8–14.
  • STRITTMATTER W, JAGGLE C, MATZKU S, MEUER S, WILD M: The potential of the CD2 activation pathway for therapy of cancer. Proc. Fourth Int. Conf on Bispecific Antibodies (1995). Abstract 41.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.