134
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Palliative treatment of unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer

, , , &
Pages 63-77 | Published online: 10 Dec 2009

Bibliography

  • Chau I, Cunningham D. Treatment in advanced colorectal cancer: what, when and how? Br J Cancer 2009;100:1704-19
  • Köhne CH, Lenz HJ. Chemotherapy with targeted agents for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncologist 2009;14:478-88
  • Kopetz S, Chang GJ, Overman MJ, Improved survival in metastatic colorectal cancer is associated with adoption of hepatic resection and improved chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3677-83
  • Poston GJ, Adam R, Alberts S, OncoSurge: a strategy for improving resectability with curative intent in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:7125-34
  • Pessino A, Sobrero A. Optimal treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2006;6:801-12
  • Loupakis F, Masi G, Vasile E, Falcone A. First-line chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: new approaches and therapeutic algorithms. Always hit hard first? Curr Opin Oncol 2008;20:459-65
  • Kemeny N. Presurgical chemotherapy in patients being considered for liver resection. Oncologist 2007;12:825-39
  • Köhne CH, Cunningham D, Di Costanzo F, Clinical determinants of survival in patients with 5-fluorouracil-based treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a multivariate analysis of 3825 patients. Ann Oncol 2002;13:308-17
  • Repetto L, Fratino L, Audisio RA, Comprehensive geritric assessment adds information to ECOG performance status in elderly cancer patients: an Italian Group for Geriatric Oncology Study. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:494-502
  • Souglakos J, Philips J, Wang R, Prognostic and predictive value of common mutations for treatment response and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2009;101:465-72
  • Douillard JY, Cunningham D, Roth AD, Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicentre randomised trial. Lancet 2000;355:1041-7
  • Saltz LB, Cox JV, Blanke C, Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000;343:905-14
  • Kohne CH, van Cutsem E, Wils J, Phase III study of weekly high-dose infusional fluorouracil plus folinic acid with or without irinotecan in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Group Study 40986. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:4856-65
  • Giacchetti S, Perpoint B, Zidani R, Phase III multicenter randomized trial of oxaliplatin added to chronomodulated fluorouracil-leucovorin as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:136-47
  • de Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M, Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:2938-47
  • Goldberg RM, Sargent DJ, Morton RF, A randomized controlled trial of fluorouracil plus leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin combinations in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:23-30
  • Fuchs CS, Marshall J, Mitchell E, Randomized, controlled trial of irinotecan plus infusional, bolus, or oral fluoropyrimidines in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the BICC-C study. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:4779-86
  • Tournigand C, Andre T, Achille E, FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX6 or the reverse sequence in advanced colorectal cancer: a randomized GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:229-37
  • Grothey A, Sargent D, Goldberg RM, Survival of patients with advanced colorectal cancer improves with the availability of fluorouracil-leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in the course of treatment. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:1209-14
  • Kelly H, Goldberg RM. Systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: current options, current evidence. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:4553-60
  • Arkenau HT, Arnold D, Cassidy J, Efficacy of oxaliplatin plus capecitabine or infusional fluorouracil/leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a pooled analysis of randomized trials. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:5910-7
  • Kohne CH, De Greve J, Hartmann JT, Irinotecan combined with infusional 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid or capecitabine plus celecoxib or placebo in the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. EORTC study 40015. Ann Oncol 2008;19:920-6
  • Koopman M, Antonini NF, Douma J, Sequential vs combination chemotherapy with capecitabine, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin in advanced colorectal cancer (CAIRO): a phase III randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;370:135-42
  • Punt CJA, Koopman M. Capecitabine and irinotecan as first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:1907-8
  • Diasio RB, Johnson MR. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase: its role in 5-fluorouracil clinical toxicity and tumor resistance. Clin Cancer Res 1999;5:2672-3
  • van Kuilenburg AB, De Abreu RA, van Gennip AH. Pharmacogenetic and clinical aspects of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency. Ann Clin Biochem 2003;40:41-5
  • Gamelin E, Delva R, Jacob J, Individual fluorouracil dose adjustment based on pharmacokinetic follow-up compared with conventional dosage: results of a multicenter randomized trial of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:2099-105
  • Walko CM, McLeod HL. Will we ever be ready for blood level-guided therapy? J Clin Oncol 2008;26:2078-9
  • Sanoff HK, Sargent DJ, Campbell ME, Five-year data and prognostic factor analysis of oxaliplatin and irinotecan combinations for advanced colorectal cancer: N9741. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:5721-27
  • Hobday T, Cha S, Sargent D, Long term survivors (LTS) of metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) treated with chemotherapy only: a North Central Cancer Group (NCCTG) Review [abstract 693]. J Clin Oncol 2002;21(Suppl):174a
  • Masi G, Allegrini G, Cupini S, First line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer with irinotecan, oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FOLFOXIRI): results of phase II study with a simplified biweekly schedule. Ann Oncol 2004;15:1766-72
  • Falcone A, Ricci S, Brunetti I, Phase III trial of infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) compared with infusional fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: the Gruppo Oncologico Nord Ovest. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1670-6
  • Masi G, Vasile E, Loupakis F, Triplet combination of fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2008;7:7-14
  • Falcone A, Vasile E, Loupakis F, FOLFOXIRI (irinotecan, oxaliplatin, infusional 5FU/LV) vs FOLFIRI as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): updated results after 5 years follow up and risk-stratified analysis. Ann Oncol 2009;20:Suppl 7:vii21-
  • Masi G, Marcucci L, Loupakis F, First-line 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid, oxaliplatin and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) does not impair the feasibility and the activity of second line treatments in metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2006;17:1249-54
  • Fornaro L, Masi G, Bursi S, A dose finding and pharmacokinetic study of capecitabine in combination with oxaliplatin and irinotecan in metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009;63:965-9
  • Vasile E, Masi G, Fornaro L, A multicenter phase II study of the combination of oxaliplatin, irinotecan and capecitabine in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2009;100:1720-4
  • Souglakos J, Androulakis N, Syrigos K, FOLFOXIRI (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan) vs FOLFIRI (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan) as first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC): a multicentre randomised phase III trial from the Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG). Br J Cancer 2006;94:798-805
  • Golfinopoulos V, Salanti G, Pavlidis N, Ioannidis JPA. Survival and disease-progression benefi ts with treatment regimens for advanced colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 2007;8:898-911
  • Seymour MT, Maughan TS, Ledermann JA, Different strategies of sequential and combination chemotherapy for patients with poor prognosis advanced colorectal cancer (MRC FOCUS): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;370:143-52
  • Schmoll HJ, Sargent D. Single agent fluorouracil for first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer as standard? Lancet 2007;370:105-7
  • Cunningham D, Sirohi B, Pluzanska A, Two different first-line 5-fluorouracil regimens with or without oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2009;20:244-50
  • Seymour MT, Maughan TS, Wasan HS, Capecitabine (Cap) and oxaliplatin (Ox) in elderly and/or frail patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: the FOCUS2 trial. ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. J Clin Oncol 2007;25(18S):9030
  • Tournigand C, Cervantes A, Figer A, OPTIMOX1: a randomized study of FOLFOX4 or FOLFOX7 with oxaliplatin in a stop-and-go fashion in advanced colorectal cancer: a GERCOR study. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:394-400
  • Chibaudel B, Maindrault-Goebel F, Lledo G, Can chemotherapy be discontinued in unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer? The GERCOR OPTIMOX2 study. J Clin Oncol 2009. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Hochster HS. Stop and go: yes or no? J Clin Oncol 2009. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Labianca R, Floriani I, Cortesi E, Italian Group for the Study of Digestive Tract Can. Alternating versus continuous ‘FOLFIRI’ in advanced colorectal cancer (ACC): a randomized ‘GISCAD’ trial. ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. J Clin Oncol 2006;24(18S):3505
  • Kerbel RS. Tumor angiogenesis. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2039-49
  • Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Novotny W, Bevacizumab plus irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2335-42
  • Kabbinavar FF, Hambleton J, Mass RD, Combined analysis of efficacy: the addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil/leucovorin improves survival for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:3706-12
  • Fuchs CS, Marshall J, Barrueco J. Randomized, controlled trial of irinotecan plus infusional, bolus, or oral fluoropyrimidines in first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: updated results from the BICC-C study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:689-90
  • Saltz LB, Clarke S, Diaz-Rubio E, Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:2013-9
  • Masi G, Vasile E, Loupakis F, Bevacizumab (BV) in combination with FOLFOXIRI (irinotecan, oxaliplatin and infusional 5FU/LV) as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): a phase II study by the G.O.N.O. group. Ann Oncol 2009;20:(Suppl 7):vii12-
  • Giantonio BJ, Catalano PJ, Meropol NJ, Bevacizumab in combination with oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin (FOLFOX4) for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E3200. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1539-44
  • Van Cutsem E, Rivera F, Berry S, Safety and efficacy of first-line bevacizumab with FOLFOX, XELOX, FOLFIRI and fluoropyrimidines in metastatic colorectal cancer: the BEAT study. Ann Oncol 2009;20:1842-7
  • Hedrick E, Kozloff M, Hainsworth J, Safety of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: updated results from a large observational registry in the US (BRiTE). ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings. J Clin Oncol 2006;24(18S):3536
  • Grothey A, Sugrue MM, Purdie DM, Bevacizumab beyond first progression is associated with prolonged overall survival in metastatic colorectal cancer: results from a large observational cohort study (BRiTE). J Clin Oncol 2008;26:5326-34
  • Kopetz S, Abbruzzese JL. Hidden biases in an observational study of bevacizumab beyond progression. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:1732-3
  • Messersmith WA, Ahnen DJ. Targeting EGFR in colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1834-6
  • Ciardiello F, Tortora G. EGFR antagonists in cancer treatment. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1160-74, Erratum in: N Engl J Med 2009;360:1579
  • Cunningham D, Humblet Y, Siena S, Cetuximab monotherapy and cetuximab plus irinotecan in irinotecan refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;351:337-45
  • Jonker DJ, O'callaghan CJ, Karapetis CS, Cetuximab for the treatment of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2040-8
  • Sobrero AF, Maurel J, Fehrenbacher L, EPIC: phase III trial of cetuximab plus irinotecan after fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:2311-9
  • Van Cutsem E, Kohne CH, Hitre E, Cetuximab and chemotherapy as initial treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1408-17
  • Bokemeyer C, Bondarenko I, Makhson A, Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin with and without cetuximab in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:663-71
  • Segaert S, Van Cutsem E. Clinical signs, pathophysiology and management of skin toxicity during therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Ann Oncol 2005;16:1425-33
  • Van Cutsem E, Peeters M, Siena S, Open-label phase III trial of panitumumab plus best supportive care compared with best supportive care alone in patients with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:1658-64
  • Nielsen DL, Pfeiffer P, Jensen BV. Six cases of treatment with panitumumab in patients with severe hypersensitivity reactions to cetuximab. Ann Oncol 2009;20:798
  • Chung KY, Shia, J, Cetuximab shows activity in colorectal cancer patients with tumors that do not express the epidermal growth factor receptor by immunohistochemistry. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:1803-10
  • Lievre A, Bachet JB, Le Corre D, Kras mutation status is predictive of response to cetuximab therapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2006;66:3992-5
  • Amado RG, Wolf M, Peeters M, Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:1626-34
  • Van Cutsem E, Lang I, D'Haens G, Kras status and efficacy in the Crystal study: 1-st line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving FOLFIRI with or without cetuximab. Ann Oncol 2008;19:viii44
  • Karapetis CS, Khambata-Ford S, Jonker DJ, K-ras mutations and benefit from cetuximab in advanced colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2008;359:1757-65
  • Allegra CJ, Jessup JM, Somerfield MR, American Society of Clinical Oncology provisional clinical opinion: testing for KRAS gene mutations in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma to predict response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody therapy. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:2091-6
  • Normanno N, Tejpar S, Morgillo F, Implications for KRAS status and EGFR-targeted therapies in metastatic CRC. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2009;6:519-27
  • Loupakis F, Ruzzo A, Cremolini C, KRAS codon 61, 146 and BRAF mutations predict resistance to cetuximab plus irinotecan in KRAS codon 12 and 13 wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2009;101:715-21
  • Tonra JR, Deevi DS, Corcoran E, Synergistic antitumor effects of combined epidermal growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 targeted therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2006;12(7 Pt 1):2197-207
  • Saltz LB, Lenz HJ, Kindler HL, Randomized phase II trial of cetuximab, bevacizumab, and irinotecan compared with cetuximab and bevacizumab alone in irinotecan refractory colorectal cancer: the BOND-2 study. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:4557-61
  • Hecht JR, Mitchell E, Chidiac T, A randomized phase IIIB trial of chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and panitumumab compared with chemotherapy and bevacizumab alone for metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:672-80
  • Tol J, Koopman M, Cats A, Chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2009;360:563-72
  • Scoggins CR, Meszoely IM, Blanke CD, Nonoperative management of primary colorectal cancer in patients with stage IV disease. Ann Surg Oncol 1999;6:651-7
  • Puthillath A, Dunn KB, Rajput A, Safety and efficacy of first-line chemotherapy in unresected metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2007;6:710-5
  • Tebbutt NC, Norman AR, Cunningham D, Intestinal complications after chemotherapy for patients with unresected primary colorectal cancer and synchronous metastases. Gut 2003;52:568-573
  • Poultsides GA, Servais EL, Saltz LB, Outcome of primary tumor in patients with synchronous stage IV colorectal cancer receiving combination chemotherapy without surgery as initial treatment. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3379-84
  • Temple LK, Hsieh L, Wong WD, Use of surgery among elderly patients with stage IV colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2004;22:3475-84
  • Scheer MGW, Sloots CEJ, van der Wilt GJ, Ruers TJM. Management of patients with asymptomatic colorectal cancer and synchronous irresectable metastases. Ann Oncol 2008;19:1829-35
  • Ruo L, Gougoutas C, Paty PB, Elective bowel resection for incurable stage IV colorectal cancer: prognostic variables for asymptomatic patients. J Am Coll Surg 2003;196:722-8
  • Hapani S, Chu D, Wu S. Risk of gastrointestinal perforation in patients with cancer treated with bevacizumab: a meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol 2009;10:559-68
  • Sugrue M, Kozloff M, Hainsworth J, Risk factors for gastrointestinal perforations in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving bevacizumab plus chemotherapy. ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. J Clin Oncol 2006;24(18S):3535
  • Allegra CJ, Yothers G, O'Connell MJ, Initial Safety Report of NSABP C-08: a randomized phase III study of modified FOLFOX6 with or without bevacizumab for the adjuvant treatment of patients with stage II or III colon cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:3385-90
  • Vemulapalli R, Lara LF, Sreenarasimhaiah J, A Comparison of palliative stenting or emergent surgery for obstructing incurable colon cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2009. [Epub ahead of print]
  • Mehdi Karoui M, Charachon A, Delbaldo C, Stents for palliation of obstructive metastatic colon cancer impact on management and chemotherapy administration. Arch Surg 2007;142:619-23
  • Chau I, Cunningham D. Bevacizumab-associated gastrointestinal perforation. Lancet Oncol 2009;10:534-6
  • Saif MW, Elfiky A, Salem RR. Gastrointestinal perforation due to bevacizumab in colorectal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:1860-9
  • Kabbinavar FF, Hurwitz HI, Yi J, Addition of bevacizumab to fluorouracil-based first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer: pooled analysis of cohorts of older patients from two randomized clinical trials. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:199-205
  • Scappaticci FA, Skillings JR, Holden SN, Arterial thromboembolic events in patients with metastatic carcinoma treated with chemotherapy and bevacizumab. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007;99:1232-9
  • McKibbin T, Freib CR, Greene RE, Disparities in the use of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy for elderly advanced colorectal cancer patients in the community oncology setting. Oncologist 2008;13:876-85
  • Pasetto LM, Falci C, Sinigaglia G, How many colorectal cancer (CRC) patients older than 70 years may be safely treated with bevacizumab? ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. J Clin Oncol 2006;24(18S):13589
  • Bouchahada M, Macarulla T, Spano JP, Cetuximab efficacy and safety in a retrospective cohort of elderly patients with heavily pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2008;67:255-62
  • Sastre J, Aranda E, Grávalos C, Single agent cetuximab as first-line treatment for elderly patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Preliminary results of a phase II study. Ann Oncol 2006;17(Suppl 10): abstract 324
  • Grávalos C, Rivers F, Massuti B, Cetuximab and capecitabine as first line treatment for elderly patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: preliminary results of TTD trial. J Clin Oncol 2008;26(Suppl): abstract 15027
  • Linardou H, Dahabreh IJ, Kanaloupiti D, Assessment of somatic k-RAS mutations as a mechanism associated with resistance to EGFR-targeted agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet Oncol 2008;9:962-72
  • Di Nicolantonio F, Martini M, Molinari F, Wild-type BRAF is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:5705-12
  • Hurwitz HI, Yi J, Ince W, The clinical benefit of bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer is independent of K-ras mutation status: analysis of a phase III study of bevacizumab with chemotherapy in previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncologist 2009;14:22-8
  • Shah U, Goldberg RM. Sequential versus combination therapy in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2008;7:315-20
  • Grothey A, Hedrick EE, Mass RD, Response-independent survival benefit in metastatic colorectal cancer: a comparative analysis of N9741 and AVF2107. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:183-9
  • Dy GK, Krook JE, Green EM, Impact of complete response to chemotherapy on overall survival in advanced colorectal cancer: results from Intergroup N9741. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3469-74
  • de Gramont A, Buyse M, Abrahantes JC, Reintroduction of oxaliplatin is associated with improved survival in advanced colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3224-9

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.