Improving blood pressure control rates by optimizing combination antihypertensive therapy

Bibliography

• Wong ND, Lopez VA, L'Italien G, Inadequate control of hypertension in US adults with cardiovascular disease comorbidities in 2003-2004. Arch Intern Med 2007;167:2431-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson KM, Wilson PW, Odell PM, Kannel WB. An updated coronary risk profile. A statement for health professionals. Circulation 1991;83:356-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasan RS, Larson MG, Leip EP, Impact of high-normal blood pressure on the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1291-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002;360:1903-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turnbull F. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet 2003;362:1527-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sipahi I, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, Effects of normal, pre-hypertensive, and hypertensive blood pressure levels on progression of coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:833-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong KL, Cheung BM, Man YB, Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among United States adults 1999-2004. Hypertension 2007;49:69-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chobanian AV. Shattuck Lecture. The hypertension paradox: more uncontrolled disease despite improved therapy. N Engl J Med 2009;361:878-87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancia G, Laurent S, Agabiti-Rosei E, Reappraisal of European guidelines on hypertension management: a European Society of Hypertension Task Force document. Blood Press 2009;18:308-47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushman WC, Evans GW, Byington RP, Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1575-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Hypertension 2003;42:1206-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips LS, Branch WT, Cook CB, Clinical inertia. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:825-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips LS, Twombly JG. It's time to overcome clinical inertia. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:783-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okonofua EC, Simpson KN, Jesri A, Therapeutic inertia is an impediment to achieving the Healthy People 2010 blood pressure control goals. Hypertension 2006;47:345-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamerson K, Weber MA, Bakris GL, Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2008;359:2417-28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushman WC, Ford CE, Einhorn PT, Blood pressure control by drug group in the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008;10:751-60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ridker PM, Danielson E, Rifai N, Glynn RJ. Valsartan, blood pressure reduction, and C-reactive protein: primary report of the Val-MARC trial. Hypertension 2006;48:73-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Destro M, Luckow A, Samson M, Efficacy and safety of amlodipine/valsartan compared with amlodipine monotherapy in patients with stage 2 hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study: the EX-EFFeCTS Study. J Am Soc Hypertens 2008;2:294-302
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flack JM, Calhoun DA, Satlin L, Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with amlodipine/valsartan compared with amlodipine monotherapy in black patients with stage 2 hypertension: the EX-STAND study. J Hum Hypertens 2009;23:479-89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fields LE, Burt VL, Cutler JA, The burden of adult hypertension in the United States 1999 to 2000: a rising tide. Hypertension 2004;44:398-404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timio M, Verdecchia P, Venanzi S, Age and blood pressure changes. A 20-year follow-up study in nuns in a secluded order. Hypertension 1988;12:457-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004;363:2022-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber MA, Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Blood pressure dependent and independent effects of antihypertensive treatment on clinical events in the VALUE Trial. Lancet 2004;363:2049-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I, The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens 2003;21:875-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staessen JA, Thijisq L, Fagard R, Effects of immediate versus delayed antihypertensive therapy on outcome in the Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial. J Hypertens 2004;22:847-57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasser SA, Lai Z, O'Connor S, Does earlier attainment of blood pressure goal translate into fewer cardiovascular events? Curr Hypertens Rep 2008;10:398-404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mugo MN, Sowers JR. Early and aggressive treatment of complex hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2005;7:8-10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carter BL, Ernst ME, Cohen JD. Hydrochlorothiazide versus chlorthalidone: evidence supporting their interchangeability. Hypertension 2004;43:4-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taler SJ. Should chlorthalidone be the diuretic of choice for antihypertensive therapy? Curr Hypertens Rep 2008;10:293-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ernst ME, Carter BL, Goerdt CJ, Comparative antihypertensive effects of hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone on ambulatory and office blood pressure. Hypertension 2006;47:352-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ernst ME, Carter BL, Basile JN. All thiazide-like diuretics are not chlorthalidone: putting the ACCOMPLISH study into perspective. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2009;11:5-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2007;25:1105-87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodbard HW, Blonde L, Braithwaite SS, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract 2007;13(Suppl 1):1-68
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garber AJ, Handelsman Y, Einhorn D, Diagnosis and management of prediabetes in the continuum of hyperglycemia: when do the risks of diabetes begin? A consensus statement from the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Endocr Pract 2008;14:933-46
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bakris G, Stockert J, Molitch M, Risk factor assessment for new onset diabetes: literature review. Diabetes Obes Metab 2009;11:177-87
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Black HR, Davis B, Barzilay J, Metabolic and clinical outcomes in nondiabetic individuals with the metabolic syndrome assigned to chlorthalidone, amlodipine, or lisinopril as initial treatment for hypertension: a report from the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). Diabetes Care 2008;31:353-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlof B, Sever PS, Poulter NR, Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;366:895-906
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta AK, Dahlof B, Dobson J, Determinants of new-onset diabetes among 19,257 hypertensive patients randomized in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm and the relative influence of antihypertensive medication. Diabetes Care 2008;31:982-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakris GL, Fonseca V, Katholi RE, Metabolic effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;292:2227-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1547-59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zappe DH, Sowers JR, Hsueh WA, Metabolic and antihypertensive effects of combined angiotensin receptor blocker and diuretic therapy in prediabetic hypertensive patients with the cardiometabolic syndrome. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008;10:894-903
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flack JM. Epidemiology and unmet need in hypertension. J Manag Care Pharm 2007;13(8 Suppl S-b):S2-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• White WB, Calhoun DA, Samuel R, Improving blood pressure control: increase the dose of diuretic or switch to a fixed-dose angiotensin receptor blocker/diuretic? The valsartan hydrochlorothiazide diuretic for initial control and titration to achieve optimal therapeutic effect (Val-DICTATE) trial. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008;10:450-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002;359:995-1003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Libby P, Effect of antihypertensive agents on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease and normal blood pressure: the CAMELOT study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;292:2217-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mason RP. Nitric oxide mechanisms in the pathogenesis of global risk. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2006;8(8 Suppl 2):31-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mizuno Y, Jacob RF, Mason RP. Effects of calcium channel and renin-angiotensin system blockade on intravascular and neurohormonal mechanisms of hypertensive vascular disease. Am J Hypertens 2008;21:1076-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Philipp T, Smith TR, Glazer R, Two multicenter, 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of amlodipine and valsartan in combination and as monotherapy in adult patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Clin Ther 2007;29:563-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leenen FH, Nwachuku CE, Black HR, Clinical events in high-risk hypertensive patients randomly assigned to calcium channel blocker versus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial. Hypertension 2006;48:374-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas JG, Bakris GL, Epstein M, Management of high blood pressure in African Americans: consensus statement of the Hypertension in African Americans Working Group of the International Society on Hypertension in Blacks. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:525-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2001;345:861-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black HR. Triple fixed-dose combination therapy: back to the past. Hypertension 2009;54:19-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman RD, Zou GY, Vandervoort MK, A simplified approach to the treatment of uncomplicated hypertension: a cluster randomized, controlled trial. Hypertension 2009;53:646-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egan BM. Fixed-dose combinations and hypertension control in community-based practices: application of the ‘keep-it-simple’ principle. Hypertension 2009;53:598-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Allemann Y, Fraile B, Lambert M, Efficacy of the combination of amlodipine and valsartan in patients with hypertension uncontrolled with previous monotherapy: the Exforge in Failure after Single Therapy (EX-FAST) study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2008;10:185-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zappe DH, Crikelair N, Papst CC, Efficacy of amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide triple combination in patients whose blood pressure was not controlled with dual combinations: the PROMPT extension study. Presented at: American Society of Hypertension, 24th Annual Scientific Meeting and Exposition; 6 – 9 May 2009; San Francisco, CA
   Google Scholar
• Neutel JM, Smith DH, Weber MA, Use of an olmesartan medoxomil-based treatment algorithm for hypertension control. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2004;6:168-74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Neutel JM, Smith DH, Silfani TN, Effects of a structured treatment algorithm on blood pressure goal rates in both stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2006;20:255-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes MA, Feitosa AD, Oigman W, Based treatment algorithm for essencial hypertension with olmesartan medoxomil. Arq Bras Cardiol 2008;91:168-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volpe M, Miele C, Haag U. Efficacy and safety of a stepped-care regimen using olmesartan medoxomil, amlodipine and hydrochlorothiazide in patients with moderate-to-severe hypertension: an open-label, long-term study. Clin Drug Investig 2009;29:381-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oparil S, Chrysant SG, Melino M, Long-term efficacy of a combination of amlodipine and olmesartan medoxomil+/-hydrochlorothiazide in patients with hypertension stratified by age, race and diabetes status: a substudy of the COACH trial. J Hum Hypertens March 4, 2010. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Chrysant SG, Oparil S, Melino M, Efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with the combination of amlodipine besylate and olmesartan medoxomil in patients with hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2009;11:475-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calhoun DA, Lacourciere Y, Chiang YT, Glazer RD. Triple antihypertensive therapy with amlodipine, valsartan, and hydrochlorothiazide: a randomized clinical trial. Hypertension 2009;54:32-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calhoun D, Glazer R, Yen J, Effect of age, gender, race and ethnicity on efficacy of amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide triple combination therapy in patients with moderate to severe hypertension. Presented at: American Society of Hypertension, 24th Annual Scientific Meeting and Exposition; 6 – 9 May 2009; San Francisco, CA
   Google Scholar
• Lacourciere Y, Glazer R, Crikelair N, Effect of baseline systolic blood pressure on response to triple combination amlodipine/valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide in patients with moderate-to-severe hypertension. Presented at: American Society of Hypertension, 24th Annual Scientific Meeting and Exposition; 6 – 9 May 2009; San Francisco, CA
   Google Scholar
• Oparil S, Melino M, Fernandez V, Efficacy and safety of combination olmesartan medoxomil (OM)+amlodipine besylate (AML)+hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in patients with hypertension: the Trinity study [abstract PO-57]. J Clin Hypertens 2010;12(Suppl 1):A42
   Google Scholar
• Chrysant SG, Oparil S, Melino M, Safety and tolerability of combination olmesartan medoxomil (OM)+amlodipine besylate (AML)+hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in patients with hypertension [abstract PO-31]. J Clin Hypertens 2010;12(Suppl 1):A31
   Google Scholar
• Izzo J, Melino M, Fernandez V, Twenty-four hour efficacy and safety of full-dose, triple-combination therapy with olmesartan, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide [abstract PO-39]. J Clin Hypertens 2010;12(Suppl 1):A34-5
   Google Scholar
• Chrysant SG, Melino M, Fernandez V, Efficacy and safety of combination olmesartan medoxomil (OM)+amlodipine besylate (AML)+hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in patients with hypertension: analysis by age and gender [abstract PO-30]. J Clin Hypertens 2010;12(Suppl 1):A30-1
   Google Scholar
• Littlejohn T, Toth P, Melino M, Efficacy and safety of combination olmesartan medoxomil (OM)+amlodipine besylate (AML)+hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)-the Trinity study: a subgroup analysis by race [abstract PO-50]. J Clin Hypertens 2010;12(Suppl 1):A39
   Google Scholar
• Kereiakes D, Chrysant SG, Melino M, Efficacy and safety of combination olmesartan medoxomil (OM)+amlodipine besylate (AML)+hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) based on severity of hypertension: the Trinity study [abstract PO-45]. J Clin Hypertens 2010;12(Suppl 1):A37
   Google Scholar
• Bangalore S, Kamalakkannan G, Parkar S, Messerli FH. Fixed-dose combinations improve medication compliance: a meta-analysis. Am J Med 2007;120:713-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess G, Hill J, Lau H, Medication utilization patterns and hypertension-related expenditures among patients who were switched from fixed-dose to free-combination antihypertensive therapy. PT 2008;33:652-66
   Google Scholar
• Sica DA. Rationale for fixed-dose combinations in the treatment of hypertension: the cycle repeats. Drugs 2002;62:443-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickson M, Plauschinat CA. Compliance with antihypertensive therapy in the elderly: a comparison of fixed-dose combination amlodipine/benazepril versus component-based free-combination therapy. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2008;8:45-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor AA, Shoheiber O. Adherence to antihypertensive therapy with fixed-dose amlodipine besylate/benazepril HCl versus comparable component-based therapy. Congest Heart Fail 2003;9:324-32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Graham RD. Treating mild-to-moderate hypertension: a comparison of lisinopril-hydrochlorothiazide fixed combination with captopril and hydrochlorothiazide free combination. J Hum Hypertens 1991;5(Suppl 2):59-60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schweizer J, Hilsmann U, Neumann G, Efficacy and safety of valsartan 160/HCTZ 25 mg in fixed combination in hypertensive patients not controlled by candesartan 32 mg plus HCTZ 25 mg in free combination. Curr Med Res Opin 2007;23:2877-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta AK, Arshad S, Poulter NR. Compliance, safety, and effectiveness of fixed-dose combinations of antihypertensive agents: a meta-analysis. Hypertension 2010;55:399-407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushman WC, Ford CE, Cutler JA, Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2002;4:393-404
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wright JT Jr, Dunn JK, Cutler JA, Outcomes in hypertensive black and nonblack patients treated with chlorthalidone, amlodipine, and lisinopril. JAMA 2005;293:1595-608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pepine CJ, Handberg EM, Cooper-DeHoff RM, A calcium antagonist vs a non-calcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. The International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study (INVEST): a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290:2805-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black HR, Elliott WJ, Grandits G, Principal results of the Controlled Onset Verapamil Investigation of Cardiovascular End Points (CONVINCE) trial. JAMA 2003;289:2073-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar