Medical management of ascites

Bibliography

• Runyon BA, Montano AA, Akriviadis EA, The serum-ascites albumin gradient is superior to the exudate-transudate concept in the differential diagnosis of ascites. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:215-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gines P, Quintero E, Arroyo V, Compensated cirrhosis: Natural history and prognostic factors. Hepatology 1987;7:122-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Planas R, Montoliu S, Balleste B, Natural history of patients hospitalized for management of cirrhotic ascites. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;4:1385-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runyon BA. Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis: an update. Hepatology 2009;49:2087-107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore KP, Wong F, Gines P, The management of ascites in cirrhosis: report in the consensus conference of the International Ascites Club. Hepatology 2003;38:258-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Landeghem L, Laleman W, Vander Elst I, Carbon monoxide produced by intrasinusoidally located haem-oxygenase-1 regulates the vascular tone in cirrhotic rat liver. Liver Int 2009;29:650-60
   Google Scholar
• Blendis L, Wong F. The hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis: an overview. Pharmacol Ther 2001;89:221-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colle I, Geerts AM, Van Steenkiste C, Hemodynamic changes in splanchnic blood vessels in portal hypertension. Anat Rec 2008;291:699-713
   Google Scholar
• Cazzaniga M, Salerno F, Visentin S, Increased flow-mediated vasodilation in cirrhotic patients with ascites: relationship with renal resistive index. Liver Int 2008;28:1396-401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernadich C, Bandi JC, Piera C, Circulatory effects of graded diversion of portal blood flow to the systemic circulation in rats: role of nitric oxide. Hepatology 1997;26:262-7
   Google Scholar
• Bosch J, Pizcueta MP, Fernandez M, Hepatic, splanchnic and systemic haemodynamic abnormalities in portal hypertension. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 1992;6:425-36
   Google Scholar
• Møller S, Henriksen JH, Bendtsen F. Ascites, pathogenesis and therapeutic principles. Scand J Gastro 2009;44:902-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong F, Pantea L, Sniderman K. Midodrine, octreotide, albumin, and TIPS in selected patients with cirrhosis and type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatology 2004;40:55-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalan R, Forrest EH, Redhead DN, Reduction in renal blood flow following acute increase in the portal pressure: evidence for the existence of a hepatorenal reflex in man? Gut 1997;40:664-70
   Google Scholar
• Lang F, Tschernko E, Schulze E, Hepatorenal reflex regulating kidney function. Hepatology 1991;14:590-4
   Google Scholar
• Stadlbauer V, Wright GA, Banaji M, Relationship between activation of the sympathetic nervous system and renal blood flow autoregulation in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2008;134:111-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wensing G, Lotterer E, Link I, Urinary sodium balance in patients with cirrhosis: relationship to quantitative parameters of liver function. Hepatology 1997;26:1149-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Said A, Williams J, Holden J, The prevalence of alcohol-induced liver disease and hepatitis C and their interaction in a tertiary care setting. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:928-34
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds TB, Geller HM, Kuzma OT, Spontaneous decrease in portal pressure with clinical improvement in cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1960;263:734-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Runyon BA. Historical aspects of treatment of patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Semin Liver Dis 1997;17:163-73
   Google Scholar
• Villeneuve JP, Condreay LD, Willems B, Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis resulting from chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 2000;31:207-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malekzadeh R, Mohamadnejad M, Rakhshani N, Reversibility of cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:344-7
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-Pagan JC, Salmeron JM, Feu F, Effects of low-sodium diet and spironolactone on portal pressure in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Hepatology 1994;19:1095-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runyon BA, Antillon MR, McHutchison JG. Diuresis increases ascitic fluid opsonic activity in patients who survive spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. J Hepatol 1992;14:249-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gauthier A, Levy VG, Quinton A, Salt or no salt in the treatment of cirrhotic ascites: a randomised study. Gut 1986;27:705-9
   Google Scholar
• Angeli P, Wong F, Watson H, Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: results of a patient population survey. Hepatology 2006;44:1535-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL clinical practice guidelines on the management of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2010;53:397-417
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyer TD, Reynolds TB. Effect of indomethacin and prostaglandin A1 on renal function and plasma renin activity in alcoholic liver disease. Gastroenterology 1979;77:215-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clària J, Kent JD, López-Parra M, Effects of celecoxib and naproxen on renal function in nonazotemic patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Hepatology 2005;41:579-87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pariente EA, Bataille C, Bercoff E, Acute effects of captopril on systemic and renal hemodynamics and on renal function in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Gastroenterology 1985;88:1255-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentilini P, Romanelli RG, La Villla G, Effects of low-dose captopril on renal haemodynamics and function in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Gastroenterology 1993;104:588-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tandon P, Abraldes JG, Berzigotti A, Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibitors in the reduction of portal pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol 2010;53:273-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albillos A, Lledo JL, Rossi I, Continuous prazosin administration in cirrhotic patients: effects on portal hemodynamics and on liver and renal function. Gastroenterology 1995;109:1257-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabrera J, Arroyo V, Ballesta AM, Aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in cirrhosis. Value of urinary beta 2-microglobulin to discriminate functional renal failure from acute tubular damage. Gastroenterology 1982;82:97-105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haupel H, Bynum GD, Zamora E, Risk factors for the development of renal dysfunction in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:2206-10
   Google Scholar
• Guevara M, Fernández-Esparrach G, Alessandria C, Effects of contrast media on renal function in patients with cirrhosis: a prospective study. Hepatology 2004;40:646-51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardi M, Laffi G, Salvagnini M, Efficacy and safety of the stepped care medical treatment of ascites in liver cirrhosis: a randomized controlled clinical trial comparing two diets with different sodium content. Liver 1993;13:156-62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sungaila I, Bartle WR, Walker SE, Spironolactone pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients with cirrhotic ascites. Gastroenterology 1992;102:1680-5
   Google Scholar
• Laffi G, La Villa G, Carloni V, Loop diuretic therapy in liver cirrhosis with ascites. J Cardiovas Pharmacol 1993;22(Suppl 3):S51-58
   Google Scholar
• Angeli P, Della Pria M, De Bei E, Randomized clinical study of the efficacy of amiloride and potassium canrenoate in nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites. Hepatology 1994;19:72-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolondi L, Piscaglia A, Gatta A, ; DOC (Decrease Of Complications in cirrhosis) Study Group. Effect of potassium canrenoate, an anti-aldosterone agent, on incidence of ascites and variceal progression in cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;4:1395-1402
   Google Scholar
• Fogel MR, Sawhney VK, Neal EA, Diuresis in the ascitic patient: A randomized controlled trial of three regimens. J Clin Gastroenterol 1981;3(Suppl 1):73-80
   Google Scholar
• Santos J, Planas R, Pardo A, Spironolactone alone or in combination with furosemide in the treatment of moderate ascites in nonazotemic cirrhosis. A randomized comparative study of efficacy and safety. J Hepatol 2003;39:187-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Ayuso RM, Arroyo V, Planas R, Randomized comparative study of efficacy of furosemide vs spironolactone in nonazotemic cirrhosis with ascites: relationship between the diuretic response and the activity of the renin-aldosterone system. Gastroenterology 1983;84:961-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinzani M, Daskalopoulos G, Laffi G, Altered furosemide pharmacokinetics in chronic alcoholic liver disease with ascites contributes to diuretic resistance. Gastroenterology 1987;92:294-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Licata G, Tuttolomondo A, Licata A, Clinical trial: high-dose furosemide plus small-volume hypertonic saline solutions vs. repeated paracentesis as treatment of refractory ascites. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009;30:227-35
   Google Scholar
• Angeli P, Fasolato S, Mazza E, Combined versus sequential diuretics treatment of ascites in non-azotaemic patients with cirrhosis: results of an open randomised clinical trial. Gut 2010;59:98-104
   Google Scholar
• Bernardi M. Optimum use of diuretics in managing ascites in patients with cirrhosis. Gut 2010;59:10-11
   Google Scholar
• Shear L, Ching S, Gabuzda GJ. Compartmentalization of ascites and edema in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1970;282:1391-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Runyon BA. Treatment of patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Semin Liver Dis 1997;17:249-60
   Google Scholar
• Caregaro L, Menon F, Angeli P, Limitation of serum creatinine level and creatinine clearance as filtration markers in cirrhosis. Arch Intern Med 1994;154:201-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto-Marques P, Vieira A. Urinary sodium/potassium ratio on random sample as a useful tool to assess diuretic-induced natriuresis on chronic liver disease-associated ascites. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:212-13
   Google Scholar
• Bianchi S, Bigazzi R, Campese VM. Long-term effects of spironolactone on proteinuria and kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2006;70:2116-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall SM. Mechanisms of NH4+ and NH3 transport during hypokalemia. Acta Physiol Scand 2003;179:325-30
   Google Scholar
• Gines P, Guevara M. Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: pathogenesis, clinical significance, and management. Hepatology 2008;48:1002-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kale RA, Gupta RK, Saraswat VA, Demonstration of interstitial cerebral edema with diffusion tensor MR imaging in type C hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 2006;43:698-706
   Google Scholar
• Restuccia T, Gomez-Anson B, Guevara M, Effects of dilutional hyponatremia on brain organic osmolytes and water content in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatology 2004;39:1613-22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gines P, Cardenas A. The management of ascites and hyponatremia in cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 2008;28:43-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee FY, Lee SD, Tsai YT, A randomized controlled trial of quinidine in the treatment of cirrhotic patients with muscle cramps. J Hepatol 1991;12:236-40
   Google Scholar
• Angeli P, Albino G, Carraro P, Cirrhosis and muscle cramps: evidence of a causal relationship. Hepatology 1996;23:264-73
   Google Scholar
• Schrier RW, Arroyo V, Bernardi M, Peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis: a proposal for the initiation of renal sodium and water retention in cirrhosis. Hepatology 1988;8:1151-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong F. The role of albumin in the management of chronic liver disease. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;4:43-51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brinch K, Moller S, Bendtsen F, Plasma volume expansion by albumin in cirrhosis. Relation to blood volume distribution, arterial compliance and severity of disease. J Hepatol 2003;39:24-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentilini P, Casini-Raggi V, Di Fiore G, Albumin improves the response to diuretics in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: results of a randomized controlled trial. J Hepatol 1999;30:639-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romanelli RG, La Villa G, Barletta G, Long-term albumin infusion improves survival in patients with cirrhosis and ascites: an unblinded randomized trial. World J Gastroenterol 2006;12:1403-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardenas A, Arroyo V. Management of ascites and hydrothorax. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2007;21:55-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angeli P, Volpin R, Piovan D, Acute effects of the oral administration of midodrine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, on renal hemodynamics and renal function in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Hepatology 1998;28:937-43
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kalambokis G, Fotopoulos A, Economou M, Effects of a 7-day treatment with midodrine in non-azotemic cirrhotic patients with and without ascites. J Hepatol 2007;46:213-21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Misra VL, Vuppalanchi R, Jones D, The effects of midodrine on the natriuretic response to furosemide in cirrhotics with ascites. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;32:1044-50
   Google Scholar
• Kalambokis G, Economou M, Fotopoulos A, The effects of chronic treatment with octreotide versus octreotide plus midodrine on systemic hemodynamics and renal hemodynamics and function in nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:879-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tandon P, Tsuyuki RT, Mitchell L, The effect of 1 month of therapy with midodrine, octreotide-LAR and albumin in refractory ascites: a pilot study. Liver Int 2009;29:169-74
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanyal AJ, Boyer T, Garcia-Tsao G, A randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of terlipressin for type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. Gastroenterology 2008;134:1360-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin-Llahi M, Pepin MN, Guevara M, Terlipressin and albumin vs. albumin in patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome: a randomized study. Gastroenterology 2008;134:1352-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narahara Y, Kanazawa H, Taki Y, Effects of terlipressin on systemic, hepatic and renal hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;24:1791-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krag A, Moller S, Henriksen JH, Terlipressin improves renal function in patients with cirrhosis and ascites without hepatorenal syndrome. Hepatology 2007;46:1863-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalambokis GN, Pappas K, Baltayiannis G, Effects of terlipressin on water excretion after oral water load test in nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites without hyponatremia. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010;45:1509-15
   Google Scholar
• Gines P, Wong F, Watson HR, Effects of combination of satavaptan, a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, and diuretics in patients with cirrhosis without hyponatremia: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010;8:834-45
   Google Scholar
• Wong F, Gines P, Watson H, Effects of a selective vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, satavaptan, on recurrence of ascites after large volume paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2010;53:283-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong F, Bernardi M, Horsmans Y, Effects of satavaptan, an oral vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, on management of ascites and morbidity in liver cirrhosis in a long-term, placebo-controlled study. [Abstract]. J Hepatol 2009;50(Suppl 1):S42
   Google Scholar
• Nevens F, Moreno C, Cools M, Effects of M0002, a novel V2 antagonist on sodium levels and weight gain affected by water accumulation in cirrhotic patients with ascites. [Abstract]. J Hepatol 2009;50(Suppl 1):S76
   Google Scholar
• Okita K, Sakaida I, Okada M, A multicenter, open-label, dose-ranging study to exploratively evaluate the efficacy, safety, and dose-response of tolvaptan in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol 2010;45:979-87
   Google Scholar
• Wong F, Bernardi M, Balk R, Sepsis in cirrhosis: report on the 7th meeting of the International Ascites Club. Gut 2005;54:718-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tandon P, Garcia-Tsao G. Bacterial infections, sepsis, and multiorgan failure in cirrhosis. Semin Liver Dis 2008;28:26-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novella M, Sola R, Soriano G, Continuous versus inpatient prophylaxis of the first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with norfloxacin. Hepatology 1997;25:532-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grange JD, Roulot D, Pelletier G, Norfloxacin primary prophylaxis of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with ascites: a double-blind randomized trial. J Hepatol 1998;29:430-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez J, Navasa M, Planas R, Primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis delays hepatorenal syndrome and improves survival in cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 2007;133:818-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terg R, Fassio E, Guevara M, Ciprofloxacin in primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Hepatol 2008;48:774-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deschenes M, Villeneuve JP. Risk factors for the development of bacterial infections in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:2193-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard B, Grange JD, Khac EN, Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis. Hepatology 1999;29:1655-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez J, Ruiz del Arbol L, Norfloxacin vs ceftriaxone in the prophylaxis of infections in patients with advanced cirrhosis and hemorrhage. Gastroenterology 2006;131:1049-56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Tsao G. Current management of the complications of cirrhosis and portal hypertension: variceal hemorrhage, ascites, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology 2001;120:726-48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gines P, Rimola A, Planas R, Norfloxacin prevents spontaneous bacterial peritonitis recurrence in cirrhosis: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology 1990;12:716-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soriano G, Guarner C, Teixido M, Selective intestinal decontamination prevents spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Gastroenterology 1991;100:477-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolachon A, Cordier L, Bacq Y, Ciprofloxacin and long-term prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: results of a prospective controlled trial. Hepatology 1995;22:1171-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh N, Gayowski T, Yu VL, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:595-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Follo A, Llovet JM, Navasa M, Renal impairment after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: incidence, clinical course, predictive factors and prognosis. Hepatology 1994;20:1495-501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terra C, Guevara M, Torre A, Renal failure in patients with cirrhosis and sepsis unrelated to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: value of MELD score. Gastroenterology 2005;129:1944-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sort P, Navasa M, Arroyo V, Effect of intravenous albumin on renal impairment and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. N Engl J Med 1999;341:403-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez J, Monteagudo J, Bargallo X, A randomized unblinded pilot study comparing albumin versus hydroxyethyl starch in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Hepatology 2005;42:627-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez J, Navasa M, Garcia-Pagan JC, Effect of intravenous albumin on systemic and hepatic hemodynamics and vasoactive neurohormonal systems in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. J Hepatol 2004;41:384-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar