533
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Pharmacological treatment for infectious corneal ulcers

, DHSC MPH CIC
Pages 543-560 | Published online: 27 Feb 2013

Bibliography

  • Calatayud M, Guell JL, Gris O. Management of corneal ulcers. In: Garg A, editors. Clinical applications of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs in ophthalmology. JAYPEE BROTHERS Medical Publishers, Ltd, New Delhi, India; 2007
  • Miller D. Ocular infections. In: Mahon C, Lehman D, Manuselis G, editors. Textbook of diagnostic microbiology. W.B. Saunders, Maryland Heights, Missouri 63043; 2012
  • Seal D, Pleyer U. Ocular infection. 2nd edition. Informa Healthcare, London; 2007
  • Thomas PA, Geraldine P. Infectious keratitis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2007;20(2):129-41
  • Tuli SS, Schultz GS, Downer DM. Science and strategy for preventing and managing corneal ulceration. Ocul Surf 2007;5(1):23-39
  • WHO. Guidelines for the management of corneal ulcer at primary, secondary & tertiary care health facilities in the Southeast Asia region. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland; 2004
  • Dahlgren MA, Lingappan A, Wilhelmus KR. The clinical diagnosis of microbial keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2007;143(6):940-4
  • Marquart ME, Bacterial keratitis and management. In: Garg A, Sheppard J, Donnenfeld E, Friedlaender M, editors. Clinical applications of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs in ophthalmology. Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, India; 2007
  • O'Brien TP. Management of bacterial keratitis: beyond exorcism towards consideration of organism and host factors. Eye (Lond) 2003;17(8):957-74
  • Panel AAO. Preferred practice pattern guidelines: Bacterial keratitis, limited revisions. American Academy of Ophthalmology, San Francisco, CA; 2011
  • Keay L, Stapleton F, Schein O. Epidemiology of contact lens-related inflammation and microbial keratitis: a 20-year perspective. Eye Contact Lens, 2007;33(6 Pt 2):346-53; discussion 362-3
  • Liesegang TJ. Contact lens-related microbial keratitis: part I: epidemiology. Cornea 1997;16(2):125-31
  • Stapleton F, Carnt N. Contact lens-related microbial keratitis: how have epidemiology and genetics helped us with pathogenesis and prophylaxis. Eye (Lond) 2011;26(2):185-93
  • Sharma N, Vajpayee RB. Corneal ulcers diagnosis and management. Jaypee Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India; 2008
  • Karp CL, Forster RK. The corneal ulcer. In: Krachmer JH, Mannis MJ, Holland EJ, editors. Cornea: fundamentals, diagnosis and management. Mosby, Elsevier, New York; 2011
  • Edelstein SL, Wichiensin P, Huang AJW. Bacterial keratitis. In: Krachmer JH, Mannis MJ, Holland EJ, editors. Cornea: fundamentals, diagnosis and management. Volume 1 Mosby, Elsevier, New York; 2011
  • Tu EY, Joslin CE, Nijm LM, Polymicrobial keratitis: Acanthamoeba and infectious crystalline keratopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2009;148(1):13-19; e2
  • Hanet MS, Jamart J, Chaves AP. Fluoroquinolones or fortified antibiotics for treating bacterial keratitis: systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. Can J Ophthalmol 2012;47(6):493-9
  • Ly CN, Pham JN, Badenoch PR, Bacteria commonly isolated from keratitis specimens retain antibiotic susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and gentamicin plus cephalothin. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2006;34(1):44-50
  • Asbell PA, Sahm DF, Shaw M, Increasing prevalence of methicillin resistance in serious ocular infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in the United States: 2000 to 2005. J Cataract Refract Surg 2008;34(5):814-18
  • Bertino JS Jr. Impact of antibiotic resistance in the management of ocular infections: the role of current and future antibiotics. Clin Ophthalmol 2009;3:507-21
  • Haas W, Pillar CM, Torres M, Monitoring antibiotic resistance in ocular microorganisms: results from the Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring in Ocular micRorganisms (ARMOR) 2009 surveillance study. Am J Ophthalmol 2011;152(4):567-74; e3
  • McDonald M, Blondeau JM. Emerging antibiotic resistance in ocular infections and the role of fluoroquinolones. J Cataract Refract Surg 2010;36(9):1588-98
  • Solomon R, Donnenfeld ED, Holland EJ, Microbial keratitis trends following refractive surgery: results of the ASCRS infectious keratitis survey and comparisons with prior ASCRS surveys of infectious keratitis following keratorefractive procedures. J Cataract Refract Surg 2011;37(7):1343-50
  • Solomon R, Donnenfeld ED, Perry HD, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infectious keratitis following refractive surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 2007;143(4):629-34
  • Miller D, Chang JS, Flynn HW, Alfonso EC. Comparative in vitro susceptibility of besifloxacin and seven comparators against ciprofloxacin- and methicillin-susceptible/nonsusceptible staphylococci. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2013
  • Cole N, Bao S, Stapleton F, Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis in IL-6-deficient mice. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2003;130(2):165-72
  • Willcox MD. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and inflammation during contact lens wear: a review. Optom Vis Sci 2007;84(4):273-8
  • Biber JM, Kim JY. Nontuberculous mycobacteria. In: Krachmer JH, Mannis MJ, Holland EJ, editors. Cornea: fundamentals, diagnosis and management. Mosby, Elsevier, New York; 2011
  • Girgis DO, Karp CL, Miller D. Ocular infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria: update on epidemiology and management. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2011;40(5):467-75
  • Ford JG, Huang AJ, Pflugfelder SC, Nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis in south Florida. Ophthalmology 1998;105(9):1652-8
  • Brown-Elliott BA, Mann LB, Hail D, Antimicrobial susceptibility of nontuberculous mycobacteria from eye infections. Cornea 2012;31(8):900-6
  • Farhatullah S, Kaza S, Athmanathan S, Diagnosis of herpes simplex virus-1 keratitis using Giemsa stain, immunofluorescence assay, and polymerase chain reaction assay on corneal scrapings. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88(1):142-4
  • Liesegang TJ. Herpes simplex virus epidemiology and ocular importance. Cornea 2001;20(1):1-13
  • Subhan S, Jose RJ, Duggirala A, Diagnosis of herpes simplex virus-1 keratitis: comparison of Giemsa stain, immunofluorescence assay and polymerase chain reaction. Curr Eye Res 2004;29(2-3):209-13
  • Farooq AV, Shukla D. Herpes simplex epithelial and stromal keratitis: an epidemiologic update. Surv Ophthalmol 2012;57(5):448-62
  • Holland EJ, Schwartz GS, Neff KD. Herpes simplex keratitis. In: Krachmer JH, Mannis MJ, Holland EJ, editors. Cornea: fundamentals, diagnosis and management. Mosby, Elsevier, New York; 2011
  • Leck AK, Thomas PA, Hagan M, Aetiology of suppurative corneal ulcers in Ghana and south India, and epidemiology of fungal keratitis. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86(11):1211-15
  • Thomas PA. Fungal infections of the cornea. Eye (Lond) 2003;17(8):852-62
  • Rosa RH Jr, Miller D, Alfonso EC. The changing spectrum of fungal keratitis in south Florida. Ophthalmology 1994;101(6):1005-13
  • Alfonso E, Galor A, Miller D. Fungal keratitis. In: Krachmer JH, Mannis MJ, Holland EJ, editors. Cornea: fundamentals, diagnosis and management. Mosby, Elsevier, New York; 2011
  • Alfonso EC, Miller D, Cantu-Dibildox J, Fungal keratitis associated with non-therapeutic soft contact lenses. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;142(1):154-5
  • Joslin CE, Tu EY, Shoff ME, Shifting distribution of Chicago-area Acanthamoeba keratitis cases. Arch Ophthalmol 2010;128(1):137-9
  • Verani JR, Lorick SA, Yoder JS, National outbreak of Acanthamoeba keratitis associated with use of a contact lens solution, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 2009;15(8):1236-42
  • Seal DV. Acanthamoeba keratitis update-incidence, molecular epidemiology and new drugs for treatment. Eye (Lond) 2003;17(8):893-905
  • Dart JK, Saw VP, Kilvington S. Acanthamoeba keratitis: diagnosis and treatment update 2009. Am J Ophthalmol 2009;48(4):487-99; e2
  • Bharathi JM, Srinivasan M, Ramakrishnan R, A study of the spectrum of Acanthamoeba keratitis: a three-year study at a tertiary eye care referral center in South India. Indian J Ophthalmol 2007;55(1):37-42
  • Tu E. Acanthamoeba and other parasitic corneal infections. In: Cornea: fundamentals, diagnosis and management. Krachmer JH, Mannis MJ, Holland EJ, editors. Cornea: fundamentals, diagnosis and management. Mosby, Elsevier, New York; 2011
  • Yoder JS, Verani J, Heidman N, Acanthamoeba keratitis: the persistence of cases following a multistate outbreak. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2012;19(4):221-5
  • Stapleton F, Ozkan J, Jalbert I, Contact lens-related Acanthamoeba keratitis. Optom Vis Sci 2009;86(10):E1196-201
  • Kilvington S, Gray T, Dart J, Acanthamoeba keratitis: the role of domestic tap water contamination in the United Kingdom. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45(1):165-9
  • Lalitha P, Lin CC, Srinivasan M, Acanthamoeba keratitis in South India: a longitudinal analysis of epidemics. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2012;19(2):111-15
  • Sharma S, Pasricha G, Das D, Aggarwal RK. Acanthamoeba keratitis in non-contact lens wearers in India: DNA typing-based validation and a simple detection assay. Arch Ophthalmol 2004;122(10):1430-4
  • Sutphin JE, Wells JM. Ocular pharmacology of antibacterial agents. In: Tasman W, Jaeger EA, editors. Duane's ophthalmology 2010 on DVD-ROM. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA; 2010
  • Andes D. Antifungal pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: understanding the implications for antifungal drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2004;7(3):185-94
  • Urtti A. Challenges and obstacles of ocular pharmacokinetics and drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2006;58(11):1131-5
  • Sultana Y, Jain R, Aqil M, Ali A. Review of ocular drug delivery. Curr Drug Deliv 2006;3(2):207-17
  • McKinnon PS, Davis SL. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues in the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004;23(4):271-88
  • Miller D. Review of moxifloxacin hydrochloride ophthalmic solution in the treatment of bacterial eye infections. Clin Ophthalmol 2008;2(1):77-91
  • Leeming JP. Treatment of ocular infections with topical antibacterials. Clin Pharmacokinet 1999;37(5):351-60
  • Garg A. Chapter 40. Topical ophthalmic antibiotics, in clinical applications of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. In: Garg A, editors. Ophthalmology. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India; 2007. p. 511-18
  • Schmidt S, Barbour A, Sahre M, PK/PD: new insights for antibacterial and antiviral applications. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2008;8(5):549-56
  • Segreti J, Jones RN, Bertino JS Jr. Challenges in assessing microbial susceptibility and predicting clinical response to newer-generation fluoroquinolones. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2011;28(1):3-11
  • Kaur IP, Kakkar S. Topical delivery of antifungal agents. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010;7(11):1303-27
  • Burgess DS. Pharmacodynamic principles of antimicrobial therapy in the prevention of resistance. Chest 1999;115(Suppl 3):19S-23S
  • Rybak MJ. Pharmacodynamics: relation to antimicrobial resistance. Am J Infect Control 2006;34(5 Suppl 1):S38-45; discussion S64-73
  • Wilhelmus KR. Evaluation and prediction of fluoroquinolone pharmacodynamics in bacterial keratitis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2003;19(5):493-9
  • Lalitha P, Srinivasan M, Manikandan P, Relationship of in vitro susceptibility to moxifloxacin and in vivo clinical outcome in bacterial keratitis. Clin Infect Dis 2012;54(10):1381-7
  • Kaye S, Tuft S, Neal T, Bacterial susceptibility to topical antimicrobials and clinical outcome in bacterial keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009;51(1):362-8
  • Wu MH, Zhang P, Huang X. Toll-like receptors in innate immunity and infectious diseases. Front Med China 2010;4(4):385-93
  • Baum J, Barza M. The evolution of antibiotic therapy for bacterial conjunctivitis and keratitis: 1970-2000. Cornea 2000;19(5):659-72
  • Asbell PA, Colby KA, Deng S, Ocular TRUST: nationwide antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in ocular isolates. Am J Ophthalmol 2008;145(6):951-8
  • Barlett JD. Ophthalmic drug facts. 23rd edition. Wolters Kluwer, St. Louis; 2011
  • Fintelmann RE, Hoskins EN, Lietman TM, Topical fluoroquinolone use as a risk factor for in vitro fluoroquinolone resistance in ocular cultures. Arch Ophthalmol 2011;129(4):399-402
  • Gokhale NS. Medical management approach to infectious keratitis. Indian J Ophthalmol 2008;56(3):215-20
  • Fraunfelder FW. Corneal toxicity from topical ocular and systemic medications. Cornea 2006;25(10):1133-8
  • Scoper SV. Review of third-and fourth-generation fluoroquinolones in ophthalmology: in-vitro and in-vivo efficacy. Adv Ther 2008;25(10):979-94
  • Smith A, Pennefather PM, Kaye SB, Hart CA. Fluoroquinolones: place in ocular therapy. Drugs 2001;61(6):747-61
  • Holland EJ, McCarthy M, Holland S. The ocular penetration of levofloxacin 1.5% and gatifloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solutions in subjects undergoing corneal transplant surgery. Curr Med Res Opin 2007;23(12):2955-60
  • Healy DP, Holland EJ, Nordlund ML, Concentrations of levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin in human corneal stromal tissue and aqueous humor after topical administration. Cornea 2004;23(3):255-63
  • Constantinou M, Daniell M, Snibson GR, Clinical efficacy of moxifloxacin in the treatment of bacterial keratitis: a randomized clinical trial. Ophthalmology 2007;114(9):1622-9
  • O'Brien TP, Maguire MG, Fink NE, Efficacy of ofloxacin vs cefazolin and tobramycin in the therapy for bacterial keratitis. Report from the Bacterial Keratitis Study Research Group. Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113(10):1257-65
  • Shah VM, Tandon R, Satpathy G, Randomized clinical study for comparative evaluation of fourth-generation fluoroquinolones with the combination of fortified antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial corneal ulcers. Cornea 2010;29(7):751-7
  • Wong RL, Gangwani RA, Yu LW, Lai JS. New treatments for bacterial keratitis. J Ophthalmol 2012;2012:831502
  • Chawla B, Aqarwal PP, Tandon RR, In vitro susceptibility of bacterial keratitis isolates to fourth-generation fluoroquinolones. Eur J Ophthalmol 2009;20(2):300-5
  • Parmar P, Salman A, Kalavathy CM, Comparison of topical gatifloxacin 0.3% and ciprofloxacin 0.3% for the treatment of bacterial keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol 2006;141(2):282-6
  • Magli A, Forte R, Rombetto L, Carelli R. Bilateral methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus keratitis following hyperopic photorefractive surgery. Int Ophthalmol 2012;32(1):47-9
  • Solomon R, Donnenfeld ED, Perry HD, Biser S. Bilateral methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus keratitis in a medical resident following an uneventful bilateral photorefractive keratectomy. Eye Contact Lens 2003;29(3):187-9
  • Hsu HY, Nacke R, Song JC, Community opinions in the management of corneal ulcers and ophthalmic antibiotics: a survey of 4 states. Eye Contact Lens 2010;36(4):195-200
  • Garg A, Clinical application of antibiotics and ant-inflammatory drugs. In: Garg A, editors. Ophthalmology. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India; 2007. p. 87-176
  • Haas W, Gearinger LS, Hesje CK, Microbiological etiology and susceptibility of bacterial conjunctivitis isolates from clinical trials with ophthalmic, twice-daily besifloxacin. Adv Ther 2012;29(5):442-55
  • Lalitha P, Shapiro BL, Srinivasan M, Antimicrobial susceptibility of fusarium, aspergillus, and other filamentous fungi isolated from keratitis. Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125(6):789-93
  • Kaur IP, Rana C, Singh H. Development of effective ocular preparations of antifungal agents. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2008;24(5):481-93
  • Tuli SS. Fungal keratitis. Clin Ophthalmol 2011;5:275-9
  • Prajna NV, Mascarenhas J, Krishnan T, Comparison of natamycin and voriconazole for the treatment of fungal keratitis. Arch Ophthalmol 2010;128(6):672-8
  • Prajna VN, Lalitha PS, Mascarenhas J, Natamycin and voriconazole in fusarium and aspergillus keratitis: subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Br J Ophthalmol 2012;96(11):1440-1
  • Arora R, Voriconazole versus natamycin as primary treatment in fungal corneal ulcers. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2010;39(5):434-40
  • Loh AR, Hong K, Lee S, Practice patterns in the management of fungal corneal ulcers. Cornea 2009;28(8):856-9
  • Brik D, Dunkel E, Pavan-Langston D. Herpetic keratitis: persistence of viral particles despite topical and systemic antiviral therapy. Report of two cases and review of the literature. Arch Ophthalmol 1993;111(4):522-7
  • Hammersmith KM. Diagnosis and management of Acanthamoeba keratitis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2006;17(4):327-31
  • Hindman HB, Patel SB, Jun AS. Rationale for adjunctive topical corticosteroids in bacterial keratitis. Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127(1):97-102
  • Cohen EJ. The case against the use of steroids in the treatment of bacterial keratitis. Arch Ophthalmol 2009;127(1):103-4
  • Bell NP, Karp CL, Alfonso EC, Effects of methylprednisolone and cyclosporine A on fungal growth in vitro. Cornea 1999;18(3):306-13
  • Srinivasan M, Corticosteroids for bacterial keratitis: the Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial (SCUT). Arch Ophthalmol 2011;130(2):143-50
  • Srinivasan M, The steroids for corneal ulcers trial: study design and baseline characteristics. Arch Ophthalmol 2011;130(2):151-7
  • Sy A, Srinivasan M, Mascarenhas J, Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis: outcomes and response to corticosteroid treatment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53(1):267-72
  • Blair J, Hodge W, Al-Ghamdi S, Comparison of antibiotic-only and antibiotic-steroid combination treatment in corneal ulcer patients: double-blinded randomized clinical trial. Can J Ophthalmol 2011;46(1):40-5
  • Moshirfar M, Mirzaian G, Feiz V, Kang PC. Fourth-generation fluoroquinolone-resistant bacterial keratitis after refractive surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2006;32(3):515-18
  • Epstein SP, Bottone EJ, Asbell PA. Susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin as a guide to treating pseudomonas ocular infections. Eye Contact Lens 2006;32(5):240-4
  • Sueke H, Kaye S, Neal T, Minimum inhibitory concentrations of standard and novel antimicrobials for isolates from bacterial keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009;51(5):2519-24
  • Alfonso EC, Cantu-Dibildox J, Munir WM, Insurgence of fusarium keratitis associated with contact lens wear. Arch Ophthalmol 2006;124(7):941-7
  • Tu EY, Joslin CE. Recent outbreaks of atypical contact lens-related keratitis: what have we learned? Am J Ophthalmol 2010;150(5):602-8; e2
  • Kohanski MA, DePristo MA, Collins JJ. Sublethal antibiotic treatment leads to multidrug resistance via radical-induced mutagenesis. Mol Cell 2010;37(3):311-20
  • Gregori NZ, Schiffman JC, Miller DM, Alfonso EC. Clinical trial of povidone-iodine (Betadine) versus placebo in the pretreatment of corneal ulcers. Cornea 2006;25(5):558-63
  • Geffen N, Norman G, Kheradiya NS, Assia EI. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.02% as adjunct to primary treatment for corneal bacterial ulcers. Isr Med Assoc J 2009;11(11):664-8

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.